说明:当前基本以windows版本下的使用介绍,from udacity
1.Dos conmand
熟悉基本指令:Windows-command-line-basics
目录切换: cd \ ; F: ; cd … ; dir (相当于ls) path
2.python包管理工具 anaconda
2.1安装Anaconda
conda list
conda upgrade --all
conda install package-name (such as numpy)
conda install pkg1 pkg2 pkg=1.0
conda自动安装相应的依赖 (suchas, scipy依赖numpy)
conda remove pkg-name
conda list
conda search pkg
2.2管理环境
-
pip源更新
pip 后加参数 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple 例:pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple xxxx Linux下:修改 ~/.pip/pip.conf (没有就创建一个), 修改 index-url至tuna,内容如下: [global] index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple windows下:直接在user目录中创建一个pip目录,如:C:\Users\xxxx\pip,新建文件pip.ini [global] index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
-
conda 换源:
#conda 换源: 相当于修改~/.condarc文件 conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/ conda config --set show_channel_urls yes ## .condarc文件中的 - defaults那行去掉 不然conda info可以查看到会加载更多官网的源
-
~/.condarc
channels:
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/msys2/
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
show_channel_urls: true
[cloud_lesson.yaml](#### cloud_lesson.xml)
conda env create -f cloud_lesson.yaml
- conda环境相关
conda create -n env_name pkg1 pkg2(创建安装有pkg1 pkg2的env_name环境)
conda create -n py3 python=3.5
conda env lsit
进入环境:activate py3
进入环境后,你会在终端提示符中看到环境名称,它类似于 (my_env) ~ $。环境中只安装了几个默认的包,以及你在创建它时安装的包。
conda list
继续安装: conda install pkg_name2
退出原环境: deactivate py3
####2.3 保存与加载环境
conda env export > environment_1.yaml
利用环境文件创建新环境:
conda env create -f environment_1.yaml
conda env list
conda env remove -n env_name
个人proect 最好采用创建环境的方式, conda共享或用pip freeze的方式。
conda详细手册
py2与py3中print区别
#py2
print "Hello", "world!"
#py3
print("Hello", "world!")
#Python 2.6+ 导入函数print_function
from __future__ import print_function
print("Hello", "world!")
##3 Jupyter notebook
Jupyter notebook 是一种 Web 应用,能让用户将说明文本、数学方程、代码和可视化内容全部组合到一个易于共享的文档中。
How IPython and Jupyter Notebook work
####3.1 安装jupyter notebook
conda install jupyter notebook
pip install jupyter notebook (或)
C:\Users\yhzhao.conda
####3.2 启动notebook服务器
jupyter notebook
服务器地址 http://localhost:8888
jupyter notebook password 创建服务器密码
终端中两次 Ctrl + C,可以关闭整个服务器。记得关闭 noteboo前保存相应内容
####3.3 Magic 关键字 嵌入jupyter的命令行中
使用 %matplotlib 将 matplotlib 设置为以交互方式在 notebook 中工作。Magic 命令的前面带有一个或两个百分号(% 或 %%),分别对应行 Magic 命令和单元格 Magic 命令。
%%timeit
%matplotlib
%config InlineBackend.figure_format = 'retina' 来呈现分辨率较高的图像。
%pdb 开启交互式调试器
####3.4 Python·Jupyter Notebook各种使用方法记录·持续更新
PythonJupyter Notebook各种使用方法记录持续更新
一 Jupyter NoteBook的安装
1 新版本Anaconda自带Jupyter
2 老版本Anacodna需自己安装Jupyter
二 更改Jupyter notebook的工作空间
1 Jupyter的工作空间在哪里指定
2 如何找到该配置文件
三Jupyter的各种快捷键
四Jupyter Notebook如何导入代码
1 将本地的py文件load到jupyter的一个cell中
2 从网络load代码到jupyter
五Jupyter运行python文件
六Jupyter一些其他琐碎用法
1 jupyter的cell可以作为unix command使用
2 Magic functions
3 获取current working directory
4 使用Matplotlib绘图
七Jupyter中的Markdown
1 在jupyter中设置link需要设置两部分
2 为Jupyter Notebook添加目录功能
(为Jupyter Notebook添加目录) [https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/24029578?refer=learnMLb/jupyter_contrib_nbextensions]
##4 markdown的使用说明
#####4.1 标题’#’
# Header 1
## Header 2
### Header 3
#####4.2 链接 []和()
[kint_zhao](http://blog.csdn.net/zyh821351004)
kint_zhao
#####4.3 强调效果(* 或 _)
对于斜体,在文本两侧加上一个星号或下划线
粗体文本使用两个符号
_gelato_ 或 *gelato*
会呈现为 gelato 或 gelato 。
**aardvark** 或 __aardvark__
会呈现为aardvark 或 aardvark 。
#####4.4 代码
可以通过两种不同的方式显示代码,一种是与文本内联,另一种是将代码块与文本分离。要将代码变为内联格式,请在文本两侧加上反撇号。 ` ````
要创建代码块,请另起一行并用三个反撇号将文本包起来:```
或者将代码块的每一行都缩进四个空格。
import requests
response = requests.get(‘https://www.udacity.com’)
#####4.5 数学表达式
latex入门指导文档
在 Markdown 单元格中,可以使用 LaTeX 符号创建数学表达式。notebook 使用 MathJax 将 LaTeX 符号呈现为数学符号。要启动数学模式,请在 LaTeX 符号两侧加上美元符号$ $
,以创建内联的数学表达式。对于数学符号块,请使用两个美元符号$$ $$
:
y
=
m
x
+
b
y=mx+b
y=mx+b
P
(
A
∣
B
)
=
P
(
B
∣
A
)
P
(
A
)
P
(
B
)
P(A\mid B) = \frac{P(B\mid A)P(A)}{P(B)}
P(A∣B)=P(B)P(B∣A)P(A)
e 2 x e^2x e2x e 2 x e^{2x} e2x 10 C 5 _{10}C_5 10C5
2
π
\sqrt{2\pi}
2π
$\alpha, \beta, \gamma$
: α, β, γ.
$\Phi, \Lambda, \Gamma$
: Φ, Λ, Γ.
Note that uppercase beta is just B, so there is no
B
\Beta
B.
$ \times,\pm, \cup, \oplus$
: ×, ±, ∪, ⊕
$ \sin, \cosh, \arctan$
: sinsin, coshcosh, arctanarctan.
$ \leq, \geq, \approx, \neq$
: ≤, ≥, ≈, ≠
$ \cdots, \ldots, \ddots$
: ⋯, …, ⋱
$ \infty, \nabla, \partial$
: ∞, ∇, ∂
Put a hat: : $\hat x$ $\widehat{abs}$
x
^
\hat x
x^
a
b
s
^
\widehat{abs}
abs
means : $\bar x$ $\overline{abs}$
x
ˉ
\bar x
xˉ
a
b
s
‾
\overline{abs}
abs
derivatives : $\dot x$ $\ddot x$
x
˙
\dot x
x˙
x
¨
\ddot x
x¨
Arrows: : $\vec{x}$ ,$\overrightarrow{xy}$
x
⃗
\vec{x}
x ,
x
y
→
\overrightarrow{xy}
xy
$z = (\frac{dx}{dy})^{1/3}$
z
=
(
d
x
d
y
)
1
/
3
z = (\frac{dx}{dy})^{1/3}
z=(dydx)1/3
make brackets stretchy, use \left and \right,
$$z = \left(\frac{dx}{dy}\right)^{1/3}$$
z
=
(
d
x
d
y
)
1
/
3
z = \left(\frac{dx}{dy}\right)^{1/3}
z=(dydx)1/3
Vertical lines with | or \vert
∣
x
∣
|x|
∣x∣
∣
x
\vert x
∣x
$P(A\mid B)$
P
(
A
∣
B
)
P(A\mid B)
P(A∣B)
Angle brackets: $\langle \phi \mid \psi \rangle$
⟨
ϕ
∣
ψ
⟩
\langle \phi \mid \psi \rangle
⟨ϕ∣ψ⟩ gives ⟨ϕ∣ψ⟩
Group brackets for matrices (also, hey, here’s how to make a matrix):
KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \matrix at position 14: \left\lgroup \̲m̲a̲t̲r̲i̲x̲{a & b\cr c & d…
$\int f(x)\,dx$
∫
f
(
x
)
d
x
\int f(x)\,dx
∫f(x)dx gives
KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \Tiny at position 131: … \rm\tiny tiny \̲T̲i̲n̲y̲ ̲Tiny \small sma…
For larger spaces, use a n d \quad and \qquad and.
对齐
$$ a_1 = b_1 + c_1 \\ a_2 = b_2 + c_2 + d_2 $$
a
1
=
b
1
+
c
1
a
2
=
b
2
+
c
2
+
d
2
a_1 = b_1 + c_1 \\ a_2 = b_2 + c_2 + d_2
a1=b1+c1a2=b2+c2+d2
KaTeX parse error: No such environment: align at position 8: \begin{̲a̲l̲i̲g̲n̲}̲ a_1 & = b_1 + …
`
KaTeX parse error: No such environment: align at position 8: \begin{̲a̲l̲i̲g̲n̲}̲ a_1 & = b_1 + …
$$y=mx+b$$
$$P(A\mid B) = \frac{P(B\mid A)P(A)}{P(B)}$$
$e^2x$ $e^{2x}$ $_{10}C_5$
$\sqrt{2\pi}$
$\alpha, \beta, \gamma$ : α, β, γ.
$\Phi, \Lambda, \Gamma$ : Φ, Λ, Γ.
Note that uppercase beta is just B, so there is no $\Beta$.
$ \times,\pm, \cup, \oplus$ : ×, ±, ∪, ⊕
$ \sin, \cosh, \arctan$ : sinsin, coshcosh, arctanarctan.
$ \leq, \geq, \approx, \neq$ : ≤, ≥, ≈, ≠
$ \cdots, \ldots, \ddots$ : ⋯, …, ⋱
$ \infty, \nabla, \partial$ : ∞, ∇, ∂
Put a hat: :$ \hat x $ $ \widehat{abs}$
means :$ \bar x$ $ \overline{abs}$
derivatives :$ \dot x$ $ \ddot x$
Arrows: :$ \vec{x}$ ,$ \overrightarrow{xy} $
$z = (\frac{dx}{dy})^{1/3}$
make brackets stretchy, use \left and \right,
$$z = \left(\frac{dx}{dy}\right)^{1/3}$$
Vertical lines with | or \vert $|x|$ $\vert x$
$P(A\mid B)$
Angle brackets: $\langle \phi \mid \psi \rangle$ gives ⟨ϕ∣ψ⟩
Group brackets for matrices (also, hey, here's how to make a matrix):
$\left\lgroup \matrix{a & b\cr c & d} \right\rgroup$
$\int f(x)\,dx$ gives
$$
For non-italicized Roman text, use \textrm{Roman} or \rm Roman: RomanRoman or RomanRoman
To change the font size: \rm\tiny tiny \Tiny Tiny \small small \normalsize normal \large lg \Large Lg \LARGE LG \huge hg \Huge Hg
$$
For larger spaces, use $\quad and \qquad$.
对齐
$$
a_1 = b_1 + c_1 \\
a_2 = b_2 + c_2 + d_2
$$
$$
\begin{align}
a_1 & = b_1 + c_1 \\
a_2 & = b_2 + c_2 + d_2
\end{align}
$$
`
y
=
m
x
+
b
y=mx+b
y=mx+b
P
(
A
∣
B
)
=
P
(
B
∣
A
)
P
(
A
)
P
(
B
)
P(A\mid B) = \frac{P(B\mid A)P(A)}{P(B)}
P(A∣B)=P(B)P(B∣A)P(A)
e 2 x e^2x e2x e 2 x e^{2x} e2x 10 C 5 _{10}C_5 10C5
2
π
\sqrt{2\pi}
2π
α
,
β
,
γ
\alpha, \beta, \gamma
α,β,γ : α, β, γ.
Φ
,
Λ
,
Γ
\Phi, \Lambda, \Gamma
Φ,Λ,Γ : Φ, Λ, Γ.
Note that uppercase beta is just B, so there is no
B
\Beta
B.
$ \times,\pm, \cup, \oplus$ : ×, ±, ∪, ⊕
$ \sin, \cosh, \arctan$ : sinsin, coshcosh, arctanarctan.
$ \leq, \geq, \approx, \neq$ : ≤, ≥, ≈, ≠
$ \cdots, \ldots, \ddots$ : ⋯, …, ⋱
$ \infty, \nabla, \partial$ : ∞, ∇, ∂
Put a hat: 😒 \hat x $ $ \widehat{abs}$
means 😒 \bar x$ $ \overline{abs}$
derivatives 😒 \dot x$ $ \ddot x$
Arrows: 😒 \vec{x}$ ,$ \overrightarrow{xy} $
z = ( d x d y ) 1 / 3 z = (\frac{dx}{dy})^{1/3} z=(dydx)1/3
make brackets stretchy, use \left and \right,
z
=
(
d
x
d
y
)
1
/
3
z = \left(\frac{dx}{dy}\right)^{1/3}
z=(dydx)1/3
Vertical lines with | or \vert
∣
x
∣
|x|
∣x∣
∣
x
\vert x
∣x
P
(
A
∣
B
)
P(A\mid B)
P(A∣B)
Angle brackets: ⟨ ϕ ∣ ψ ⟩ \langle \phi \mid \psi \rangle ⟨ϕ∣ψ⟩ gives ⟨ϕ∣ψ⟩
Group brackets for matrices (also, hey, here’s how to make a matrix):
KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \matrix at position 14: \left\lgroup \̲m̲a̲t̲r̲i̲x̲{a & b\cr c & d…
∫ f ( x ) d x \int f(x)\,dx ∫f(x)dx gives
KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \Tiny at position 131: … \rm\tiny tiny \̲T̲i̲n̲y̲ ̲Tiny \small sma…
For larger spaces, use a n d \quad and \qquad and.
对齐
a
1
=
b
1
+
c
1
a
2
=
b
2
+
c
2
+
d
2
a_1 = b_1 + c_1 \\ a_2 = b_2 + c_2 + d_2
a1=b1+c1a2=b2+c2+d2
KaTeX parse error: No such environment: align at position 8: \begin{̲a̲l̲i̲g̲n̲}̲ a_1 & = b_1 + …
cloud_lesson.xml
name: cloud_lesson
channels:
#- conda-forge
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
#- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/Paddle/
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
dependencies:
- _libgcc_mutex=0.1=main
- blas=1.0=mkl
- ca-certificates=2020.4.5.1=hecc5488_0
- certifi=2020.4.5.1=py36h9f0ad1d_0
- intel-openmp=2020.0=166
- ld_impl_linux-64=2.33.1=h53a641e_7
- libedit=3.1.20181209=hc058e9b_0
- libffi=3.2.1=hd88cf55_4
- libgcc-ng=9.1.0=hdf63c60_0
- libgfortran-ng=7.3.0=hdf63c60_0
- libstdcxx-ng=9.1.0=hdf63c60_0
- mkl=2020.0=166
- mkl-service=2.3.0=py36he904b0f_0
- mkl_fft=1.0.15=py36ha843d7b_0
- mkl_random=1.1.0=py36hd6b4f25_0
- ncurses=6.2=he6710b0_0
- numpy=1.18.1=py36h4f9e942_0
- numpy-base=1.18.1=py36hde5b4d6_1
- openssl=1.1.1f=h516909a_0
- pandas=1.0.3=py36h830a2c2_0
- pip=20.0.2=py36_1
- plyfile=0.7.2=pyh9f0ad1d_0
- pyntcloud=0.1.2=py_0
- python=3.6.10=hcf32534_1
- python-dateutil=2.8.1=py_0
- python_abi=3.6=1_cp36m
- pytz=2019.3=py_0
- readline=8.0=h7b6447c_0
- scipy=1.4.1=py36h0b6359f_0
- setuptools=46.1.3=py36_0
- six=1.14.0=py36_0
- sqlite=3.31.1=h7b6447c_0
- tk=8.6.8=hbc83047_0
- wheel=0.34.2=py36_0
- xz=5.2.4=h14c3975_4
- zlib=1.2.11=h7b6447c_3
- pip:
- attrs==19.3.0
- backcall==0.1.0
- bleach==3.1.4
- decorator==4.4.2
- defusedxml==0.6.0
- entrypoints==0.3
- importlib-metadata==1.6.0
- ipykernel==5.2.1
- ipython==7.13.0
- ipython-genutils==0.2.0
- ipywidgets==7.5.1
- jedi==0.17.0
- jinja2==2.11.2
- jsonschema==3.2.0
- jupyter-client==6.1.3
- jupyter-core==4.6.3
- markupsafe==1.1.1
- mistune==0.8.4
- nbconvert==5.6.1
- nbformat==5.0.5
- notebook==6.0.3
- open3d==0.9.0.0
- pandocfilters==1.4.2
- parso==0.7.0
- pexpect==4.8.0
- pickleshare==0.7.5
- prometheus-client==0.7.1
- prompt-toolkit==3.0.5
- ptyprocess==0.6.0
- pygments==2.6.1
- pyrsistent==0.16.0
- pyzmq==19.0.0
- send2trash==1.5.0
- terminado==0.8.3
- testpath==0.4.4
- tornado==6.0.4
- traitlets==4.3.3
- wcwidth==0.1.9
- webencodings==0.5.1
- widgetsnbextension==3.5.1
- zipp==3.1.0
prefix: /home/yhzhao/soft_install/anaconda3/envs/cloud_lesson