本帖是前一贴的补充:
- 使用大数据,了解怎么处理数据不能一次全部加载到内存的情况。如果你内存充足,当我没说
- 训练好的模型的保存和使用
- 使用的模型没变,还是简单的feedforward神经网络(update:添加CNN模型)
- 如果你要运行本帖代码,推荐使用GPU版本或强大的VPS,我使用小笔记本差点等吐血
- 后续有关于中文的练习《TensorFlow练习13: 制作一个简单的聊天机器人》《TensorFlow练习7: 基于RNN生成古诗词》《TensorFlow练习18: 根据姓名判断性别》
在正文开始之前,我画了一个机器学习模型的基本开发流程图:
使用的数据集
使用的数据集:http://help.sentiment140.com/for-students/ (情绪分析)
数据集包含1百60万条推特,包含消极、中性和积极tweet。不知道有没有现成的微博数据集。
数据格式:移除表情符号的CSV文件,字段如下:
- 0 – the polarity of the tweet (0 = negative, 2 = neutral, 4 = positive)
- 1 – the id of the tweet (2087)
- 2 – the date of the tweet (Sat May 16 23:58:44 UTC 2009)
- 3 – the query (lyx). If there is no query, then this value is NO_QUERY.
- 4 – the user that tweeted (robotickilldozr)
- 5 – the text of the tweet (Lyx is cool)
training.1600000.processed.noemoticon.csv(238M)
testdata.manual.2009.06.14.csv(74K)
数据预处理
上面代码把原始数据转为training.csv、和tesing.csv,里面只包含label和tweet。lexcion.pickle文件保存了词汇表。
如果数据文件太大,不能一次加载到内存,可以把数据导入数据库
Dask可处理大csv文件
开始漫长的训练
上面程序占用内存600M,峰值1G。
运行:
训练模型保存为model.ckpt。
使用训练好的模型
上面使用简单的feedfroward模型,下面使用CNN模型
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|
# https://github.com/Lab41/sunny-side-up
import
os
import
random
import
tensorflow
as
tf
import
pickle
import
numpy
as
np
from
nltk
.
tokenize
import
word_tokenize
from
nltk
.
stem
import
WordNetLemmatizer
f
=
open
(
'lexcion.pickle'
,
'rb'
)
lex
=
pickle
.
load
(
f
)
f
.
close
(
)
def
get_random_line
(
file
,
point
)
:
file
.
seek
(
point
)
file
.
readline
(
)
return
file
.
readline
(
)
# 从文件中随机选择n条记录
def
get_n_random_line
(
file_name
,
n
=
150
)
:
lines
=
[
]
file
=
open
(
file_name
,
encoding
=
'latin-1'
)
total_bytes
=
os
.
stat
(
file_name
)
.
st_size
for
i
in
range
(
n
)
:
random_point
=
random
.
randint
(
0
,
total_bytes
)
lines
.
append
(
get_random_line
(
file
,
random_point
)
)
file
.
close
(
)
return
lines
def
get_test_dataset
(
test_file
)
:
with
open
(
test_file
,
encoding
=
'latin-1'
)
as
f
:
test_x
=
[
]
test_y
=
[
]
lemmatizer
=
WordNetLemmatizer
(
)
for
line
in
f
:
label
=
line
.
split
(
':%:%:%:'
)
[
0
]
tweet
=
line
.
split
(
':%:%:%:'
)
[
1
]
words
=
word_tokenize
(
tweet
.
lower
(
)
)
words
=
[
lemmatizer
.
lemmatize
(
word
)
for
word
in
words
]
features
=
np
.
zeros
(
len
(
lex
)
)
for
word
in
words
:
if
word
in
lex
:
features
[
lex
.
index
(
word
)
]
=
1
test_x
.
append
(
list
(
features
)
)
test_y
.
append
(
eval
(
label
)
)
return
test_x
,
test_y
test_x
,
test_y
=
get_test_dataset
(
'tesing.csv'
)
##############################################################################
input_size
=
len
(
lex
)
num_classes
=
3
X
=
tf
.
placeholder
(
tf
.
int32
,
[
None
,
input_size
]
)
Y
=
tf
.
placeholder
(
tf
.
float32
,
[
None
,
num_classes
]
)
dropout_keep_prob
=
tf
.
placeholder
(
tf
.
float32
)
batch_size
=
90
def
neural_network
(
)
:
# embedding layer
with
tf
.
device
(
'/cpu:0'
)
,
tf
.
name_scope
(
"embedding"
)
:
embedding_size
=
128
W
=
tf
.
Variable
(
tf
.
random_uniform
(
[
input_size
,
embedding_size
]
,
-
1.0
,
1.0
)
)
embedded_chars
=
tf
.
nn
.
embedding_lookup
(
W
,
X
)
embedded_chars_expanded
=
tf
.
expand_dims
(
embedded_chars
,
-
1
)
# convolution + maxpool layer
num_filters
=
128
filter_sizes
=
[
3
,
4
,
5
]
pooled_outputs
=
[
]
for
i
,
filter_size
in
enumerate
(
filter_sizes
)
:
with
tf
.
name_scope
(
"conv-maxpool-%s"
%
filter_size
)
:
filter_shape
=
[
filter_size
,
embedding_size
,
1
,
num_filters
]
W
=
tf
.
Variable
(
tf
.
truncated_normal
(
filter_shape
,
stddev
=
0.1
)
)
b
=
tf
.
Variable
(
tf
.
constant
(
0.1
,
shape
=
[
num_filters
]
)
)
conv
=
tf
.
nn
.
conv2d
(
embedded_chars_expanded
,
W
,
strides
=
[
1
,
1
,
1
,
1
]
,
padding
=
"VALID"
)
h
=
tf
.
nn
.
relu
(
tf
.
nn
.
bias_add
(
conv
,
b
)
)
pooled
=
tf
.
nn
.
max_pool
(
h
,
ksize
=
[
1
,
input_size
-
filter_size
+
1
,
1
,
1
]
,
strides
=
[
1
,
1
,
1
,
1
]
,
padding
=
'VALID'
)
pooled_outputs
.
append
(
pooled
)
num_filters_total
=
num_filters
*
len
(
filter_sizes
)
h_pool
=
tf
.
concat
(
3
,
pooled_outputs
)
h_pool_flat
=
tf
.
reshape
(
h_pool
,
[
-
1
,
num_filters_total
]
)
# dropout
with
tf
.
name_scope
(
"dropout"
)
:
h_drop
=
tf
.
nn
.
dropout
(
h_pool_flat
,
dropout_keep_prob
)
# output
with
tf
.
name_scope
(
"output"
)
:
W
=
tf
.
get_variable
(
"W"
,
shape
=
[
num_filters_total
,
num_classes
]
,
initializer
=
tf
.
contrib
.
layers
.
xavier_initializer
(
)
)
b
=
tf
.
Variable
(
tf
.
constant
(
0.1
,
shape
=
[
num_classes
]
)
)
output
=
tf
.
nn
.
xw_plus_b
(
h_drop
,
W
,
b
)
return
output
def
train_neural_network
(
)
:
output
=
neural_network
(
)
optimizer
=
tf
.
train
.
AdamOptimizer
(
1e
-
3
)
loss
=
tf
.
reduce_mean
(
tf
.
nn
.
softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits
(
output
,
Y
)
)
grads_and_vars
=
optimizer
.
compute_gradients
(
loss
)
train_op
=
optimizer
.
apply_gradients
(
grads_and_vars
)
saver
=
tf
.
train
.
Saver
(
tf
.
global_variables
(
)
)
with
tf
.
Session
(
)
as
sess
:
sess
.
run
(
tf
.
global_variables_initializer
(
)
)
lemmatizer
=
WordNetLemmatizer
(
)
i
=
0
while
True
:
batch_x
=
[
]
batch_y
=
[
]
#if model.ckpt文件已存在:
# saver.restore(session, 'model.ckpt') 恢复保存的session
try
:
lines
=
get_n_random_line
(
'training.csv'
,
batch_size
)
for
line
in
lines
:
label
=
line
.
split
(
':%:%:%:'
)
[
0
]
tweet
=
line
.
split
(
':%:%:%:'
)
[
1
]
words
=
word_tokenize
(
tweet
.
lower
(
)
)
words
=
[
lemmatizer
.
lemmatize
(
word
)
for
word
in
words
]
features
=
np
.
zeros
(
len
(
lex
)
)
for
word
in
words
:
if
word
in
lex
:
features
[
lex
.
index
(
word
)
]
=
1
# 一个句子中某个词可能出现两次,可以用+=1,其实区别不大
batch_x
.
append
(
list
(
features
)
)
batch_y
.
append
(
eval
(
label
)
)
_
,
loss_
=
sess
.
run
(
[
train_op
,
loss
]
,
feed_dict
=
{
X
:
batch_x
,
Y
:
batch_y
,
dropout_keep_prob
:
0.5
}
)
print
(
loss_
)
except
Exception
as
e
:
print
(
e
)
if
i
%
10
==
0
:
predictions
=
tf
.
argmax
(
output
,
1
)
correct_predictions
=
tf
.
equal
(
predictions
,
tf
.
argmax
(
Y
,
1
)
)
accuracy
=
tf
.
reduce_mean
(
tf
.
cast
(
correct_predictions
,
"float"
)
)
accur
=
sess
.
run
(
accuracy
,
feed_dict
=
{
X
:
test_x
[
0
:
50
]
,
Y
:
test_y
[
0
:
50
]
,
dropout_keep_prob
:
1.0
}
)
print
(
'准确率:'
,
accur
)
i
+=
1
train_neural_network
(
)
|
使用了CNN模型之后,准确率有了显著提升。