目标
每当按下一次按键,数码管显示值加一
理论学习
熟悉数码管显示原理,回顾以前实验中按键的写法。
接线图
由于2号引脚被占用,所以使用RX->0作为按键的上拉输入,由于RX和TX是串口调试用的,所以可能会对串口调试有影响
IDE
代码一
/*
每当按下一次按键,数码管显示值加一
*/
#include<Arduino.h>
// 定义IO命名
#define SEG_A 2
#define SEG_B 3
#define SEG_C 4
#define SEG_D 5
#define SEG_E 6
#define SEG_F 7
#define SEG_G 8
#define SEG_H 9
#define COM1 10
#define COM2 11
#define COM3 12
#define COM4 13
// 定义按键的引脚
#define KEY 0
int KEY_NUM = 0;
int SUM = 0;
// 共阴极数码管显示0-9时候的每个数字对应的码值
unsigned char table[10][8] =
{
{0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1}, // 0
{0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0}, // 1
{0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1}, // 2
{0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1}, // 3
{0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0}, // 4
{0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1}, // 5
{0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1}, // 6
{0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1}, // 7
{0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1}, // 8
{0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1}, // 9
};
// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup() {
// 打开串口
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(SEG_A, OUTPUT);
pinMode(SEG_B, OUTPUT);
pinMode(SEG_C, OUTPUT);
pinMode(SEG_D, OUTPUT);
pinMode(SEG_E, OUTPUT);
pinMode(SEG_F, OUTPUT);
pinMode(SEG_G, OUTPUT);
pinMode(SEG_H, OUTPUT);
pinMode(COM1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(COM2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(COM3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(COM4, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(COM1, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM2, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM3, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM4, LOW);
// 设置KEY使能上拉电阻
pinMode(KEY, INPUT_PULLUP);
}
// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
ScanKey();
if(KEY_NUM == 1)
{
SUM++;
Serial.println(SUM);
if(SUM>9999)
{
SUM = 0;
}
}
/**/
// 显示千位
Display(1, SUM/1000);
delay(3);
// 显示百位
Display(2, SUM%1000/100);
delay(3);
// 显示十位位
Display(3, SUM%100/10);
delay(3);
// 显示千位
Display(4, SUM%10);
delay(3);
}
void Display(unsigned char com, unsigned char num)
{
// 去除余晖,如果不去除的话,假设一共4位数字,假设一开始第一位显示数字1,这个时候切换到COM2显示第二位,如果没有去除余晖,则第二位会先显示1,之后才会显示设定的数字
/**/
digitalWrite(SEG_A, LOW);
digitalWrite(SEG_B, LOW);
digitalWrite(SEG_C, LOW);
digitalWrite(SEG_D, LOW);
digitalWrite(SEG_E, LOW);
digitalWrite(SEG_F, LOW);
digitalWrite(SEG_G, LOW);
digitalWrite(SEG_H, LOW);
/**/
// 选通位选
switch(com)
{
case 1:
// 选择位1
digitalWrite(COM1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(COM2, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM3, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM4, LOW);
break;
case 2:
// 选择位2
digitalWrite(COM1, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(COM3, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM4, LOW);
break;
case 3:
// 选择位3
digitalWrite(COM1, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM2, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(COM4, LOW);
break;
case 4:
// 选择位4
digitalWrite(COM1, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM2, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM3, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM4, HIGH);
break;
}
//digitalWrite(COM1, HIGH);
//digitalWrite(COM2, LOW);
//digitalWrite(COM3, HIGH);
//digitalWrite(COM4, HIGH);
// 查询码值表,显示具体的数字
/*digitalWrite(SEG_A, HIGH);
digitalWrite(SEG_B, LOW);
digitalWrite(SEG_C, LOW);
digitalWrite(SEG_D, HIGH);
digitalWrite(SEG_E, HIGH);
digitalWrite(SEG_F, HIGH);
digitalWrite(SEG_G, HIGH);
digitalWrite(SEG_H, HIGH);
*/
digitalWrite(SEG_A, !table[num][7]);
digitalWrite(SEG_B, !table[num][6]);
digitalWrite(SEG_C, !table[num][5]);
digitalWrite(SEG_D, !table[num][4]);
digitalWrite(SEG_E, !table[num][3]);
digitalWrite(SEG_F, !table[num][2]);
digitalWrite(SEG_G, !table[num][1]);
digitalWrite(SEG_H, !table[num][0]);
}
void ScanKey()
{
// 重置标记位
KEY_NUM = 0;
// 判断按键是否按下,是否输入低电平
if(digitalRead(KEY) == LOW)
{
// 为了电波抖动,延时20ms
delay(20);
// 重新读取
if(digitalRead(KEY) == LOW)
{
// 说明按键按下
KEY_NUM = 1;
// 避免led一直在闪,所以循环等待按键松开
while(digitalRead(KEY) == LOW);
}
}
}
运行改代码发现可以正常累加,但是发现有文体,当按键按下不松开时,代码会一直在
while(digitalRead(KEY) == LOW);
,意味着ScanKey()一致在运行,导致数码管只显示最后一位。只有松开按键才能正常显示。
方法二
如下代码,我们先给ScanKey设置一个返回值,当按下时return 1;然后定义全局变量KEY_UP = 1,标记按键是否松开,初始化是松开的,当按键按下时立马标记按下KEY_UP = 0,不在while等待,而是直接返回1,因为此时KEY_UP =0 ,所以不再进入判断,也不执行while,意味着ScanKey不再阻塞,程序继续执行,数码管就会显示正常。当松开按键时,ScanKey()中把KEY_UP = 1,重新开始监听按下
/*
每当按下一次按键,数码管显示值加一
*/
#include<Arduino.h>
// 定义IO命名
#define SEG_A 2
#define SEG_B 3
#define SEG_C 4
#define SEG_D 5
#define SEG_E 6
#define SEG_F 7
#define SEG_G 8
#define SEG_H 9
#define COM1 10
#define COM2 11
#define COM3 12
#define COM4 13
// 定义按键的引脚
#define KEY 0
// 判断按键是否松开,默认就是松开的
int KEY_UP = 1;
int SUM = 0;
// 共阴极数码管显示0-9时候的每个数字对应的码值
unsigned char table[10][8] =
{
{0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1}, // 0
{0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0}, // 1
{0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1}, // 2
{0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1}, // 3
{0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0}, // 4
{0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1}, // 5
{0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1}, // 6
{0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1}, // 7
{0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1}, // 8
{0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1}, // 9
};
// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup() {
// 打开串口
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(SEG_A, OUTPUT);
pinMode(SEG_B, OUTPUT);
pinMode(SEG_C, OUTPUT);
pinMode(SEG_D, OUTPUT);
pinMode(SEG_E, OUTPUT);
pinMode(SEG_F, OUTPUT);
pinMode(SEG_G, OUTPUT);
pinMode(SEG_H, OUTPUT);
pinMode(COM1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(COM2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(COM3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(COM4, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(COM1, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM2, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM3, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM4, LOW);
// 设置KEY使能上拉电阻
pinMode(KEY, INPUT_PULLUP);
}
// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
// 判断按键是否按下
if(ScanKey() == 1)
{
SUM++;
Serial.println(SUM);
if(SUM>9999)
{
SUM = 0;
}
}
/**/
// 显示千位
Display(1, SUM/1000);
delay(3);
// 显示百位
Display(2, SUM%1000/100);
delay(3);
// 显示十位位
Display(3, SUM%100/10);
delay(3);
// 显示千位
Display(4, SUM%10);
delay(3);
}
void Display(unsigned char com, unsigned char num)
{
// 去除余晖,如果不去除的话,假设一共4位数字,假设一开始第一位显示数字1,这个时候切换到COM2显示第二位,如果没有去除余晖,则第二位会先显示1,之后才会显示设定的数字
/**/
digitalWrite(SEG_A, LOW);
digitalWrite(SEG_B, LOW);
digitalWrite(SEG_C, LOW);
digitalWrite(SEG_D, LOW);
digitalWrite(SEG_E, LOW);
digitalWrite(SEG_F, LOW);
digitalWrite(SEG_G, LOW);
digitalWrite(SEG_H, LOW);
/**/
// 选通位选
switch(com)
{
case 1:
// 选择位1
digitalWrite(COM1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(COM2, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM3, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM4, LOW);
break;
case 2:
// 选择位2
digitalWrite(COM1, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(COM3, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM4, LOW);
break;
case 3:
// 选择位3
digitalWrite(COM1, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM2, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(COM4, LOW);
break;
case 4:
// 选择位4
digitalWrite(COM1, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM2, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM3, LOW);
digitalWrite(COM4, HIGH);
break;
}
//digitalWrite(COM1, HIGH);
//digitalWrite(COM2, LOW);
//digitalWrite(COM3, HIGH);
//digitalWrite(COM4, HIGH);
// 查询码值表,显示具体的数字
/*digitalWrite(SEG_A, HIGH);
digitalWrite(SEG_B, LOW);
digitalWrite(SEG_C, LOW);
digitalWrite(SEG_D, HIGH);
digitalWrite(SEG_E, HIGH);
digitalWrite(SEG_F, HIGH);
digitalWrite(SEG_G, HIGH);
digitalWrite(SEG_H, HIGH);
*/
digitalWrite(SEG_A, !table[num][7]);
digitalWrite(SEG_B, !table[num][6]);
digitalWrite(SEG_C, !table[num][5]);
digitalWrite(SEG_D, !table[num][4]);
digitalWrite(SEG_E, !table[num][3]);
digitalWrite(SEG_F, !table[num][2]);
digitalWrite(SEG_G, !table[num][1]);
digitalWrite(SEG_H, !table[num][0]);
}
unsigned char ScanKey()
{
// 判断按键是否按下,是否输入低电平
if(KEY_UP == 1 && digitalRead(KEY) == LOW)
{
// 标记已经按下
KEY_UP = 0;
// 为了电波抖动,延时20ms
delay(20);
// 重新读取
if(digitalRead(KEY) == LOW)
{
return 1;
}
}
// 判断按键是否松开
if(digitalRead(KEY) == HIGH)
{
// 标记位松开
KEY_UP = 1;
}
return 0;
}