【pattern】写作中的固定句式

1、proposal

Different alternatives have been proposed in the literature to scale capacitors. The utilisation of the well-known Miller effect is one of them and can be classified as a voltage mode approach but it has serious signal swing limitations since the maximum voltage applied to the capacitance is reduced by the scaling factor.

A 20-dB/decade roll-off is not enough for the above applications.

The feasibility of a single pole low-pass filter with cut-off frequency tunable in the frequency range from 304 mHz to7.5 Hz is verified by simulations at the transistor level using a 65-nm CMOS technology.

Another approach to overcoming the frequency limitations of the active components is the incorporation of current mode elements into the designs. A number of researchers have demonstrated the use of current conveyors as the active elements in filter implementations, e.g., [6]-[8]. Even switched-capacitor filters have been designed from the current mode perspective, for example, by Haigh et al. [9]. Nevertheless, most current mode filter designs still incorporate voltage mode elements, such as op amps, or other circuit topologies that process voltages at some internal nodes in

2、句式翻译

As with most circuits, capacitor multiplication can also generally fall into three categories: voltage-, current-, and mixedmode circuits. If for instance, the voltage at the low impedance terminal of a capacitor opposes the direction (for example, increases) of its input terminal (for example, decreases) in the presence of a load dump, the capacitor can discharge (that is, slew) without significantly changing its input voltage (that is, ovi/et is lower than avC/ot), when referenced to ground. This is the well-known Miller effect, where an inverting voltage amplifier is connected across the terminals of a capacitor, as shown in Figure 1. The slewing voltage at the low impedance terminal of the capacitor (output of the voltage amplifier) therefore opposes input terminal vi, but with a gain:

If for instance, the voltage at the low impedance terminal of a capacitor opposes the direction of its input terminal in the presence of a load dump, the capacitor can dischargewithout significantly changing its input voltage, when referenced to ground.
例如，在负载转储存在的情况下，电容器的低阻抗端子的电压与输入端子的方向相反，当参考接地时，电容器可以在不显著改变其输入电压的情况下放电。

This is the well-known Miller effect, where an inverting voltage amplifier is connected across the terminals of a capacitor, as shown in Figure 1. The slewing voltage at the low impedance terminal of the capacitor therefore opposes input terminal vi, but with a gain:
这就是著名的米勒效应，一个反相电压放大器连接在电容器的两端，如图1所示。因此，在电容器的低阻抗端上的旋转电压与输入端vi相对，但有一个增益:

, however, is limited dynamic range because the amplified voltage cuts into the available headroom of the circuit. For instance, a switching converter with a systematic 25 mV ripple that is loaded with a 40 dB multiplier incurs a 2.5 V systematic ripple at the output of the amplifier, which leaves little headroom for load-current events (e.g., the amplifier may saturate and yield little gain when supplied from a close-to-drained lithium-ion battery, whose voltage can be 2.7-3 V).

, however, is limited dynamic range because the amplified voltage cuts into the available headroom of the circuit. For instance, a switching converter with a systematic 25 mV ripple that is loaded with a 40 dB multiplier incurs a 2.5 V systematic ripple at the output of the amplifier, which leaves little headroom for load-current events、
然而，是有限的动态范围，因为放大的电压削减了可用的净空的电路。 例如，一个系统纹波为25 mV的开关变换器在负载40 dB乘法器时，在放大器的输出端会产生2.5 V的系统纹波，这就为负载电流事件留下了很小的空间，
(e.g., the amplifier may saturate and yield little gain when supplied from a close-to-drained lithium-ion battery, whose voltage can be 2.7-3 V).
当由电压接近耗尽的锂离子电池供电时，放大器可能会饱和并产生很小的增益，锂离子电池的电压可达2.7-3 V

Figure 2(b) shows a simple embodiment of how the capacitor displacement current can be sensed via a diodeconnected transistor and amplified by a matching mirroring device with an aspect ratio that is k times larger.
Bias current Bias is used to bias the MOSFETs and allow the circuit to freely source or sink ac currents. Without IBias, the circuit would only be able to sink ac current and would do so only when enough gate-drive is at the gates of the mirroring devices, causing a non-linearity in its response in the form of a sharp voltage incursion equal to an overdrive voltage above the threshold voltage. Increasing the gain, unfortunately, incurs additional power losses because the bias current is also multiplied by the amplifying mirror. The ac sourcing capability of the circuit is determined by the bias current, when the input current channels away IBias from the diode-connected device and whatever current was biasing the output of the mirror is available for the load. A complementary p-type version of the multiplier can be implemented to offset this limitation. As a side note, the diode-connected device introduces an ESR equal to its transconductance. The ESR value can be decreased by inserting a gain in the negative feedback loop connecting the gate and the drain of the diode-connected device, which of course increases circuit complexity and power requirements.

3、一些对比思想

Frequency responses of the proposed LDO at Vdd = 1.2V. The load current is 1, 34, 67 and 100 mA, respectively.

Fig. 6. Comparison of PSR between LDOs with and without UGCC

The PSR characteristics of the proposed LDO and the ESR compensation LDO (without UGCC) are given by Fig. 6. The high PSR performance of the proposed LDO is retained up to 1GHz. Moreover, compared with the LDO without UGCC, a remarkable PSR improvement of 20dB at the frequency above several hundred kilohertz can be seen clearly in the curves of the proposed LDO.