I2C通信协议

I2C通信协议

时序及数据帧

信号条件

• START 起始信号 信号条件为在SCK高电平时SDA产生下降沿。
• ACK 应答信号 信号条件为在数据第九位为高电平时为非应答信号，低电平是为应答信号。
• STOP 停止信号 信号条件为与起始信号相反，SCK高电平时SDA产生上升沿。
• DATA 数据信号 在SCK为高电平时，SDA的持续电平为数据。

数据帧条件

如上图所示，完成一帧数据以起始信号开始，首先发送从机地址->等待应答->发送寄存器地址->等待应答->发送数据->等待应答->结束

以上是主机对从机的操作，图中灰色为主机发送的内容白色从机发送的内容，如果需要读取数据在发送从机地址数据的第八位写1，然后在写入寄存器地址后读取SDA电平状态进行接收从机数据。

软件I2C 应用代码

参考链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Dawn_Burning/article/details/134181024

//需要根据主控MCU频率和i的取值，调整i2c_Delay的时长，进而调整SCL的脉宽。(也受编译器“优化等级”影响)
/**
  * @name   i2c_Delay
  * @brief  soft delay for i2c clock
  * @param  none
  * @retval none
  */
static void i2c_Delay(void)
{
    uint8_t i;

    /*
		*AT32F425F6P7,
		*i = 100,SCL = 163.4KHZ,6.1us
		*i = 75, SCL = 243.9KHZ,4.1us
		*i = 50, SCL = 312.5kHZ,3.2us
    */
   for(i=0;i<100;i++);
}

/**
  * @name   hw_i2c_START
  * @brief  start signal for i2c simulation
  * @param  none
  * @retval none
  */
 void hw_i2c_START(void)
 {
    I2C_SDA_H();
    I2C_SCL_H();
    i2c_Delay();
    I2C_SDA_L();
    i2c_Delay();
    I2C_SCL_L();
    i2c_Delay();
 }
/**
  * @name   hw_i2c_ACK
  * @brief  ACK signal for i2c simulation
  * @param  none
  * @retval none
  */
void hw_i2c_ACK(void)
{
    I2C_SDA_L();
    i2c_Delay();
    I2C_SCL_H();
    i2c_Delay();
    I2C_SCL_L();
    i2c_Delay();
    I2C_SDA_H();

}

/**
  * @name   hw_i2c_WaitAck
  * @brief  Wait ACK signal for i2c simulation
  * @param  none
  * @retval uint8_t tempRe：Get slave ack signal or not
  */
 uint8_t hw_i2c_WaitAck(void)
{
    uint8_t tempRe;

    I2C_SDA_H();                //MCU(master) set SDA High
    i2c_Delay();
    I2C_SCL_H();                //MCU(master) send a new SCL signal, slave device should return an Ack signal
    i2c_Delay();
    tempRe = I2C_SDA_READ();    //MCU(master) read SDA state(1 or 0)
    I2C_SCL_L();
    i2c_Delay();
    return tempRe;
}

/**
  * @name   hw_i2c_NACK
  * @brief  Send NACK signal to slave for i2c simulation
  * @param  none
  * @retval none
  */
void hw_i2c_NACK(void)
{
    I2C_SDA_L();
    I2C_SCL_H();
    i2c_Delay();
    I2C_SDA_H();
}

/**
  * @name   hw_i2c_STOP
  * @brief  Send STOP signal to slave for i2c simulation
  * @param  none
  * @retval none
  */
void hw_i2c_STOP(void)
{
    I2C_SDA_L();
    I2C_SCL_H();
    i2c_Delay();
    I2C_SDA_H();
    i2c_Delay();
}

/**
  * @name   lib_i2c_SendByte
  * @brief  Send Byte from master by simulation of i2c
  * @param  DataByte:data
  * @retval none
  */
void lib_i2c_SendByte(uint8_t DataByte)
{
  uint8_t i;
  for ( i = 0; i < 8; i++)
  {
      if (DataByte & 0x80)
      {
          I2C_SDA_H();
      }
      else
      {
          I2C_SDA_L();
      }
      i2c_Delay();
      I2C_SCL_H();
      i2c_Delay();
      I2C_SCL_L();
      if (i == 7)
      {
          I2C_SDA_H();      //MCU(master) set SDA high
      }
      DataByte <<= 1;
      i2c_Delay();        
  }
}

/**
  * @name   lib_i2c_ReadByte
  * @brief  Read Byte from slave device by simulation of i2c
  * @param  none 
  * @retval tempData:data
  */
uint8_t lib_i2c_ReadByte(void)
{
    uint8_t i;
    uint8_t	tempData = 0;
    uint8_t	tempRe = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
    {
        tempData <<= 1; // 将tempData左移一位
        I2C_SCL_H();    // 拉高时钟信号
        i2c_Delay();    // 等待一段时间
        tempRe = I2C_SDA_READ(); // 读取SDA线上的数据
        if (tempRe) {
            tempData |= 0x01; // 如果读取到的数据为1，则在tempData的最低位设置1
        }
        I2C_SCL_L();    // 释放时钟信号
        i2c_Delay();    // 等待一段时间
    }
//    		for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
//		{
//			tempData <<=1;
//			I2C_SCL_H();
//			i2c_Delay();
//           
//			tempRe = I2C_SDA_READ();
//			{
//				tempData++;
//			}
//			I2C_SCL_L();
//			i2c_Delay();
//		}
    return tempData;
}
/**
  * @name   lib_i2c_ReadMutiBytes
  * @brief  Read Muti Bytes data from slave device
  * @param  slave_address
  * @param  reg_address
  * @param  pdatabuf
  * @param  len
  * @retval tempRe:whether read data successfully or not
  */
uint8_t lib_i2c_ReadMutiBytes(uint8_t slave_address, uint8_t reg_address, uint8_t* pdatabuf, uint8_t len)
{
    
    uint8_t tempData;		
		uint8_t tempRe = 0;
		uint8_t cnt = 0;
		uint8_t tempaddr_W = slave_address<<1;
		uint8_t tempaddr_R = tempaddr_W + 1;
		do
		{
      /* 1st:i2c start signal */
			hw_i2c_START();
      /* 2nd:write slave device address, bit0 is a read-write control bit, 0 for write, and 1 for read */
			lib_i2c_SendByte(tempaddr_W);
      /* 3rd:wait ack from slave device */
			tempRe = hw_i2c_WaitAck();
			if (tempRe){							// the return value is 1 ,that is to say SDA is not lowwed. the target ist8310 doesn't Ack
				 break;
			}
      /* 4th:send target register address */
			lib_i2c_SendByte(reg_address);
      /* 5th:wait Ack from slave device */s
			tempRe = hw_i2c_WaitAck();
			if (tempRe){							// the return value is 1 ,that is to say SDA is not lowwed. the target ist8310 doesn't Ack
				 break;
			}
			
      /* 6th:send a start signal to reset i2c bus, and then start to read data from slave device */
			hw_i2c_START();
      /* 7th:Send a read command(bit0) for the slave address */
			lib_i2c_SendByte(tempaddr_R);
      /* 8th:wait Ack from slave device */
			tempRe = hw_i2c_WaitAck();
			if (tempRe){							// the return value is 1 ,that is to say SDA is not lowwed. the target ist8310 doesn't Ack
				 break;
			}			
			//9th:read data by loop
			for(cnt = 0; cnt < len; cnt++)
			{
				pdatabuf[cnt] = lib_i2c_ReadByte();    //read 1 byte
				/* After reading each byte, an Ack needs to be sent, except for the last byte, which requires a Nack */
				if(cnt != len - 1)
				{
          /* After the middle byte is read, the CPU generates the ACK signal (Drive SDA = 0) */
					hw_i2c_ACK();
				}
				else
				{
          /* After reading the last byte, the CPU generates the NACK signal (drive SDA = 1) */
					hw_i2c_NACK();
				}
			}
		}while(0);
		/* Send I2C bus stop signal */
		hw_i2c_STOP();
		if(tempRe){
			tempRe = 0;
		}else{
			tempRe = 1;
		}
		return tempRe;
}

/**
  * @brief  write single byte through the i2c1(For M1) by sofyware simulation.
  * @param  slave_address: address of tagert slave device
  * @param  reg_address: address of tagert register
  * @param  pdata: pointer to the data
  * @retval tempRe: Write data successfully or not
  */
uint8_t lib_i2c_WriteSingleByte(uint16_t slave_address, uint16_t reg_address, uint8_t pdata)
{
    uint8_t tempRe = 0;
    uint8_t tempData = pdata;
		uint16_t tempaddr = slave_address<<1;
    do
    {
		hw_i2c_START();
        lib_i2c_SendByte(tempaddr);
        tempRe = hw_i2c_WaitAck();
        if (tempRe){							// the return value is 1 ,that is to say SDA is not lowwed. the target ist8310 doesn't Ack
           break;
        }
        lib_i2c_SendByte(reg_address);
        tempRe = hw_i2c_WaitAck();
        if (tempRe){							// the return value is 1 ,that is to say SDA is not lowwed. the target ist8310 doesn't Ack
           break;
        }
        lib_i2c_SendByte(tempData);
        tempRe = hw_i2c_WaitAck();
        if (tempRe){							// the return value is 1 ,that is to say SDA is not lowwed. the target ist8310 doesn't Ack
           break;
        }
        hw_i2c_STOP();
    } while (0);
    return tempRe;
}