Python-OpenCV学习--外接摄像头实时检测文本框

 

一、Windows7 系统下 Python 3.x版本  ， 台式机外接摄像头 使用分水岭算法 腐蚀 膨胀等，识别文本的区域。

import numpy as np
import cv2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS, 15)
while True:

    ret, frame = cap.read()

    # 转化成灰度图
    gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

# 利用Sobel边缘检测生成二值图
    sobel = cv2.Sobel(gray, cv2.CV_8U, 1, 0, ksize=3)
# 二值化
    ret, binary = cv2.threshold(sobel, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_OTSU + cv2.THRESH_BINARY)

# 膨胀、腐蚀
    element1 = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (30, 9))
    element2 = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (24, 6))

# 膨胀一次，让轮廓突出
    dilation = cv2.dilate(binary, element2, iterations=1)

# 腐蚀一次，去掉细节
    erosion = cv2.erode(dilation, element1, iterations=1)

# 再次膨胀，让轮廓明显一些
    dilation2 = cv2.dilate(erosion, element2, iterations=2)

#  查找轮廓和筛选文字区域
    region = []
    contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(dilation2, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
    for i in range(len(contours)):
        cnt = contours[i]

    # 计算轮廓面积，并筛选掉面积小的
    area = cv2.contourArea(cnt)
    if (area < 1000):
        continue

    # 找到最小的矩形
    rect = cv2.minAreaRect(cnt)
    print("rect is: ")
    print(rect)

    # box是四个点的坐标
    box = cv2.boxPoints(rect)
    box = np.int0(box)

    # 计算高和宽
    height = abs(box[0][1] - box[2][1])
    width = abs(box[0][0] - box[2][0])

    # 根据文字特征，筛选那些太细的矩形，留下扁的
    if (height > width * 1.3):
        continue

    region.append(box)

# 绘制轮廓
    for box in region:
        cv2.drawContours(frame, [box], 0, (0, 255, 0), 2)

    cv2.imshow('img', frame)

    if cv2.waitKey(10) == ord("q"):
        break
#随时准备按q退出
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()