纹理内存的读取模式:
cudaReadModeNormalizedFloat:如果纹理元素是一个16位或8位的整型,那么返回值将作为浮点数返回,
如果是无符号整型,将被映射到[0.0,1.0],如果是有符号整型,将被映射到[-1.0,1.0]
cudaReadModeElementType:那么将返回回原始类型,不做转换
纹理坐标归一化:
默认的,纹理坐标是使用浮点值进行访问:[0,N-1],N是纹理在相应维度上的值,例如,对于一个大小64X32的纹理,其x,y方向的坐标访问范围是:
[0,63],[0,31]
归一化的纹理坐标,将使相应的坐标访问在以下范围:[0,1-1/N],那么对于上面的64x32的纹理,其两个方向的坐标范围就分别是:[0,1-1/64],[0,1-1/32]
滤波模式:
基于输入的坐标值,给出其元素值的返回方式
cudaFilterModePoint:在该模式下,返回相应坐标下,最接近的元素值,类似与最近邻插值
cudaFilterModeLinear:只有当返回值的类型设定为浮点的时候才可以使用,其根据相应元素周围的元素值进行低精度的插值:一维的时候使用线性插值,二维 的时候使用双线性插值,三维的时候使用三线性插值
寻址模式:
寻址模式是一个有3个元素的数组,分别用于指定其相应维度上的寻址方式,用于定义当访问的坐标超出其坐标范围后的处理方式:
cudaAddressModeClamp:是默认的处理方式,对于未归一化的坐标,其截断到范围:[0,N),对于归一化后的坐标范围,截断到:[0.0,1.0)
cudaAddressModeBorder:对于超出范围的坐标,都返回0
cudaAddressModeWrap:只在归一化的坐标下有效,坐标变换公式如下:frac(x) = xfloor(x),其中floor(x)是不大于x的最大整数,
cudaAddressModeMirror:只在归一化坐标下有效,当floor(x)是奇数的时候,每一个坐标变换到frac(x),当floor(x)是偶数的时候,每一个坐标变换到1-frac(x)
举例:
对于一维信号c(k),k的范围是k=0,1,…,M-1
对于cudaAddressModeClamp,就是将超出的值截断为最大最小值
对于cudaAddressModeBorder,就是将其截断为0
对于cudaAddressModeWrap,对于超出范围的值,就是寻找一个整数p(可以是正负、0)满足:c[(k+p*M)/M] = c[k/M],也就是将其变成周期信号,周期为M
对于cudaAddressModeMirror,也是将其变成周期信号,周期为2*M-2,c[1/M]=c[k/M],对于任何1和k,满足:(1+k)mod(2*M-2)=0
下面给出示例代码:
#include <stdio.h>
texture<float, 1, cudaReadModeElementType> texture_clamp;
texture<float, 1, cudaReadModeElementType> texture_border;
texture<float, 1, cudaReadModeElementType> texture_wrap;
texture<float, 1, cudaReadModeElementType> texture_mirror;
/********************/
/* CUDA ERROR CHECK */
/********************/
#define gpuErrchk(ans) { gpuAssert((ans), __FILE__, __LINE__); }
inline void gpuAssert(cudaError_t code, char *file, int line, bool abort=true)
{
if (code != cudaSuccess)
{
fprintf(stderr,"GPUassert: %s %s %d\n", cudaGetErrorString(code), file, line);
if (abort) exit(code);
}
}
/******************************/
/* CUDA ADDRESS MODE CLAMPING */
/******************************/
__global__ void Test_texture_clamping(const int M) {
printf("Texture clamping - i = %i; value = %f\n", -threadIdx.x, tex1D(texture_clamp, -(float)threadIdx.x));
printf("Texture clamping - i = %i; value = %f\n", M + threadIdx.x, tex1D(texture_clamp, (float)(M + threadIdx.x)));
}
/****************************/
/* CUDA ADDRESS MODE BORDER */
/****************************/
__global__ void Test_texture_border(const int M) {
printf("Texture border - i = %i; value = %f\n", -threadIdx.x, tex1D(texture_border, -(float)threadIdx.x));
printf("Texture border - i = %i; value = %f\n", M + threadIdx.x, tex1D(texture_border, (float)(M + threadIdx.x)));
}
/**************************/
/* CUDA ADDRESS MODE WRAP */
/**************************/
__global__ void Test_texture_wrap(const int M) {
printf("Texture wrap - i = %i; value = %f\n", -threadIdx.x, tex1D(texture_wrap, -(float)threadIdx.x/(float)M));
printf("Texture wrap - i = %i; value = %f\n", M + threadIdx.x, tex1D(texture_wrap, (float)(M + threadIdx.x)/(float)M));
}
/****************************/
/* CUDA ADDRESS MODE MIRROR */
/****************************/
__global__ void Test_texture_mirror(const int M) {
printf("Texture mirror - i = %i; value = %f\n", -threadIdx.x, tex1D(texture_mirror, -(float)threadIdx.x/(float)M));
printf("Texture mirror - i = %i; value = %f\n", M + threadIdx.x, tex1D(texture_mirror, (float)(M + threadIdx.x)/(float)M));
}
/********/
/* MAIN */
/********/
void main(){
const int M = 4;
// --- Host side memory allocation and initialization
float *h_data = (float*)malloc(M * sizeof(float));
for (int i=0; i<M; i++) h_data[i] = (float)i;
// --- Texture clamping
cudaArray* d_data_clamping = NULL; gpuErrchk(cudaMallocArray(&d_data_clamping, &texture_clamp.channelDesc, M, 1));
gpuErrchk(cudaMemcpyToArray(d_data_clamping, 0, 0, h_data, M * sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
cudaBindTextureToArray(texture_clamp, d_data_clamping);
texture_clamp.normalized = false;
texture_clamp.addressMode[0] = cudaAddressModeClamp;
dim3 dimBlock(2 * M, 1); dim3 dimGrid(1, 1);
Test_texture_clamping<<<dimGrid,dimBlock>>>(M);
printf("\n\n\n");
// --- Texture border
cudaArray* d_data_border = NULL; gpuErrchk(cudaMallocArray(&d_data_border, &texture_border.channelDesc, M, 1));
gpuErrchk(cudaMemcpyToArray(d_data_border, 0, 0, h_data, M * sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
cudaBindTextureToArray(texture_border, d_data_border);
texture_border.normalized = false;
texture_border.addressMode[0] = cudaAddressModeBorder;
Test_texture_border<<<dimGrid,dimBlock>>>(M);
printf("\n\n\n");
// --- Texture wrap
cudaArray* d_data_wrap = NULL; gpuErrchk(cudaMallocArray(&d_data_wrap, &texture_wrap.channelDesc, M, 1));
gpuErrchk(cudaMemcpyToArray(d_data_wrap, 0, 0, h_data, M * sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
cudaBindTextureToArray(texture_wrap, d_data_wrap);
texture_wrap.normalized = true;
texture_wrap.addressMode[0] = cudaAddressModeWrap;
Test_texture_wrap<<<dimGrid,dimBlock>>>(M);
printf("\n\n\n");
// --- Texture mirror
cudaArray* d_data_mirror = NULL; gpuErrchk(cudaMallocArray(&d_data_mirror, &texture_mirror.channelDesc, M, 1));
gpuErrchk(cudaMemcpyToArray(d_data_mirror, 0, 0, h_data, M * sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
cudaBindTextureToArray(texture_mirror, d_data_mirror);
texture_mirror.normalized = true ;
texture_mirror.addressMode[0] = cudaAddressModeMirror;
Test_texture_mirror<<<dimGrid,dimBlock>>>(M);
printf("\n\n\n");
}
最后的结果应该是:
index -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
clamp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
border 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
wrap 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
mirror 1 2 3 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3