OpenCV4图像处理--认识Mat

什么是Mat

• 图像文件的内存数据对象

Mat属性

• 图像类型与结构信息
  
  
• 获取图像基本信息

  	int width = img.cols;//宽
    int height = img.rows;//长
    int ch = img.channels();//通道数
    int d = img.depth();//深度
    int t = img.type();//类型

Mat对象创建与像素信息访问与遍历

• 创建方式
  
• 代码示例

//创建 Mat

    //创建空白(纯色)对象  创建填充值的 Mat 对象  创建单通道与多通道 Mat 对象
    Mat t1 = Mat(256, 256, CV_8UC3);//高度 宽度 通道数
    t1 = Scalar(255, 0, 0);//Scalar是标量，赋像素值
    imshow("t1", t1);

    Mat t2 = Mat(Size(512, 512), CV_8UC3);
    t2 = Scalar(255, 0, 255);
    imshow("t2", t2);

    Mat t3 = Mat::zeros(Size(256, 256), CV_8UC3);
    imshow("t3", t3);
    
    //从现有图像创建
    Mat t4 = img;//浅拷贝

    Mat t5 = img.clone();//深拷贝（常用）
    imshow("t5", t5);

    Mat t6;
    img.copyTo(t6);//深拷贝(常用)
    imshow("t6", t6);

    Mat t7 = Mat::zeros(Size(img.size()), img.type());//（常用）
    imshow("t7", t7);

• 像素信息访问与遍历
  主要有两种方式：数组访问 和 基于指针操作访问
  基于数组：

    int width = img.cols;//宽
    int height = img.rows;//长
    int ch = img.channels();//通道数
    
    for (int row = 0; row < height; row++) {
        for (int col = 0; col < width; col++) {
            if (ch == 3) {
                Vec3b pixel = img.at<Vec3b>(row, col);
                int blue = pixel[0];
                int green = pixel[1];
                int red = pixel[2];
                //修改图片像素值
                img.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[0] = 255 - blue;
                img.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[1] = 255 - green;
                img.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[2] = 255 - red;
            }
            if (ch == 1) {
                int pv = img.at<uchar>(row, col);
                //修改像素值
                img.at<uchar>(row, col) = (255 - pv);
            }
        }
    }
    imshow("pixel-Demo1", img);

基于指针：

 	Mat result = Mat::zeros(Size(img.size()), img.type());
    for (int row = 0; row < height; row++) {
        uchar* curr_row = img.ptr<uchar>(row);//创建指针
        uchar* result_row = result.ptr<uchar>(row);
        for (int col = 0; col < width; col++) {
        
            if (ch == 3) {
                int blue = *curr_row++;
                int green = *curr_row++;
                int red = *curr_row++;

                *result_row++ = blue;
                *result_row++ = green;
                *result_row++ = red;
            }

            if (ch == 1) {
                int pv = *curr_row++;
                *result_row++ = pv;
            }
        }
    }
    imshow("pixel-Demo", result);