外观模式定义
外观模式是软件工程中常用的一种软件设计模式。它为子系统中的一组接口提供一个统一的高层接口。这一接口使得子系统更加容易使用。
在外观模式的作用下,我们客户端只依赖外观一个接口,而在原始的方式下,我们的客户端依赖于整个子系统,所以外观模式主要解决的是类之间的耦合过于复杂。
相比起观察者模式,适配器模式等适合小规模使用的设计模式,外观模式更多的是大范围的使用,它会是很多时候支撑我们整个架构的设计思路。
外观模式实现
public abstract class DwarvenMineWorker {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DwarvenMineWorker.class);
public void goToSleep() {
LOGGER.info("{} goes to sleep.", name());
}
public void wakeUp() {
LOGGER.info("{} wakes up.", name());
}
public void goHome() {
LOGGER.info("{} goes home.", name());
}
public void goToMine() {
LOGGER.info("{} goes to the mine.", name());
}
private void action(Action action) {
switch (action) {
case GO_TO_SLEEP:
goToSleep();
break;
case WAKE_UP:
wakeUp();
break;
case GO_HOME:
goHome();
break;
case GO_TO_MINE:
goToMine();
break;
case WORK:
work();
break;
default:
LOGGER.info("Undefined action");
break;
}
}
/**
* Perform actions
*/
public void action(Action... actions) {
for (Action action : actions) {
action(action);
}
}
public abstract void work();
public abstract String name();
static enum Action {
GO_TO_SLEEP, WAKE_UP, GO_HOME, GO_TO_MINE, WORK
}
}
public class DwarvenTunnelDigger extends DwarvenMineWorker {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DwarvenTunnelDigger.class);
@Override
public void work() {
LOGGER.info("{} creates another promising tunnel.", name());
}
@Override
public String name() {
return "Dwarven tunnel digger";
}
}
public class DwarvenGoldDigger extends DwarvenMineWorker {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DwarvenGoldDigger.class);
@Override
public void work() {
LOGGER.info("{} digs for gold.", name());
}
@Override
public String name() {
return "Dwarf gold digger";
}
}
public class DwarvenCartOperator extends DwarvenMineWorker {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DwarvenCartOperator.class);
@Override
public void work() {
LOGGER.info("{} moves gold chunks out of the mine.", name());
}
@Override
public String name() {
return "Dwarf cart operator";
}
}
public class DwarvenGoldmineFacade {
private final List<DwarvenMineWorker> workers;
/**
* Constructor
*/
public DwarvenGoldmineFacade() {
workers = new ArrayList<>();
workers.add(new DwarvenGoldDigger());
workers.add(new DwarvenCartOperator());
workers.add(new DwarvenTunnelDigger());
}
public void startNewDay() {
makeActions(workers, DwarvenMineWorker.Action.WAKE_UP, DwarvenMineWorker.Action.GO_TO_MINE);
}
public void digOutGold() {
makeActions(workers, DwarvenMineWorker.Action.WORK);
}
public void endDay() {
makeActions(workers, DwarvenMineWorker.Action.GO_HOME, DwarvenMineWorker.Action.GO_TO_SLEEP);
}
private static void makeActions(Collection<DwarvenMineWorker> workers,
DwarvenMineWorker.Action... actions) {
for (DwarvenMineWorker worker : workers) {
worker.action(actions);
}
}
}
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
DwarvenGoldmineFacade facade = new DwarvenGoldmineFacade();
facade.startNewDay();
facade.digOutGold();
facade.endDay();
}
}