Command(命令)设计模式

声明：本博文篇幅短，适合review。

一、概念

       将一个请求封装为一个对象，从而可用不同的请求对客户进行参数化；对请求排队或记录请求日志，以及支持可取消的操作。

二、模式结构图

class Command
{
public:
    virtual ~Command();
    virtual void excute() = 0;
};

class ConcreteCommand : public Command
{
public:
    ConcreteCommand(Receiver * rcv) {
	    mRcv = rcv;
    }
    void excute(){
	    mRcv->action();
    }
private:
    Receiver * mRcv;
};

class Invoker
{
public:
    void addCommand(Command * cd){
	    mVec.push_back(cd);
    }
    void excuteCommand(){
	    vector<Command *>::iterator it = mVec.begin();
	    for (; it != mVec.end(); it++){
	        (*it)->excute();
	    }
    }
private:
    vector<Command *> mVec;
};

class Receiver
{
public:
    void action(){
	    cout<<"do action"<<endl;
    }
};

void main()
{
    Receiver * r = new Receiver();
    Command * c1 = new ConcreteCommand(r);
    Command * c2 = new ConcreteCommand(r);
    Invoker * i = new Invoker();

    i->addCommand(c1);
    i->addCommand(c2);
    
    i.excuteCommand();
}

三、例子

class Order
{
public:
    virtual ~Order();
    virtual void excute() = 0;
};

class DrinkOrder : public Order
{
public:
    DrinkOrder(Cooker * ck) {
	    mCk = ck;
    }
    void excute(){
	    mCk->makeDrink();
    }
private:
    Cooker * mCk;
};

class FoodOrder : public Order
{
public:
    FoodOrder(Cooker * ck) {
	    mCk = ck;
    }
    void excute(){
	    mCk->makeFood();
    }
private:
    Cooker * mCk;
}

class Waitor
{
public:
    void addOrder(Order * rd){
	    mVec.push_back(rd);
    }
    void removeOrder(){
    
    }
    void excuteOrder(){
	    vector<Order *>::iterator it = mVec.begin();
	    for (; it != mVec.end(); it++){
	        (*it)->excute();
	    }
    }
private:
    vector<Order *> mVec;
};

class Cooker
{
public:
    void makeDrink(){
		cout<<"make drink"<<endl;
    }
    void makeFood(){
    	cout<<"make food"<<endl;
    }
};

void main()
{
    Cooker * ck = new Cooker();
    Order * d = new DrinkOrder(ck);
    Order * f = new FoodOrder(ck);
    Waitor * w = new Waitor();

    w->addOrder(d);
    w->addOrder(f);
    
    w.excuteOrder();
}

四、优缺点

       1、优点

             a、降低了系统的耦合度

             b、满足开闭原则

             c、可以容易地实现对请求的Undo和Redo

       2、缺点

             a、使用命令模式可能会导致某些系统有过多的具体命令类