线性性质
y [ n ] = a x [ n ] + b w [ n ] → D F T Y [ k ] = ∑ n = 0 N − 1 ( a x [ n ] + b w [ n ] ) W N k n = a ∑ n = 0 N − 1 x [ n ] W N k n + b ∑ n = 0 N − 1 w [ n ] W N k n = a X [ k ] + b W [ k ] \begin{aligned} y[n]&=ax[n]+bw[n]\xrightarrow{DFT}Y[k]=\sum_{n=0}^{N-1}(ax[n]+bw[n])W_N^{kn}\\ &=a\sum_{n=0}^{N-1}x[n]W_N^{kn}+b\sum_{n=0}^{N-1}w[n]W_N^{kn} \\ &=aX[k]+bW[k] \end{aligned} y[n]=ax[n]+bw[n]DFTY[k]=n=0∑N−1(ax[n]+bw[n])WNkn=an=0∑N−1x[n]WNkn+bn=0∑N−1w[n]WNkn=aX[k]+bW[k]
时移性质
x [ n − n 0 ] → D F T ∑ n = 0 N − 1 x [ < n − n 0 > N ] e − j 2 π k N n → m = n − n 0 ∑ m = − n 0 N − n 0 − 1 x [ < m > N ] e − j 2 π k N ( m + n 0 ) = W N k n 0 ∑ m = 0 N − 1 x [ m ] W N k m = W N k n 0 X [ k ] \begin{aligned} x[n-n_0]&\xrightarrow{DFT}\sum_{n=0}^{N-1}x[<n-n_0>_N]e^{-j\frac{2\pi k}{N}n} \\ &\xrightarrow{m=n-n_0}\sum_{m=-n_0}^{N-n_0-1}x[<m>_N]e^{-j\frac{2\pi k}{N}(m+n_0)} \\ &=W_{N}^{kn_0}\sum_{m=0}^{N-1}x[m]W_{N}^{km} \\ &=W_{N}^{kn_0}X[k] \end{aligned} x[n−n0]DFTn=0∑N−1x[<n−n0>N]e−jN2πknm=n−n0m=−n0∑N−n0−1x[<m>N]e−jN2πk(m+n0)=WNkn0m=0∑N−1x[m]WNkm=WNkn
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