动词虚拟语气

动词虚拟语气

陈述语气

• 用于描述现实
• The rabbit ate the carrot.

祈使语气

• 命令请求
• Rabbit, eat the carrot!
• 绝大多数情况下，祈使语气就是：
  • 用第二人称、用一般现在时态表达
  • 将其中的第二人称去除，保持动词原形即可

虚拟语气

在描述脑中所想的，个人意愿的，和现实想反的，就需要用虚拟语气

表示“不可能的假设”

• 与现在相反，即现在发生的可能性很小
  • 条件句：过去式（如果动词是be，那么要用were，不管什么人称）
  • 主句：would+动词原形
• 与将来相反，即未来发生的可能性很小
  • 条件句：should（shall的过去式，这里不表示应该）+动词原形（should 可用 were to 替代）
  • 主句：would+动词原形（would 可用 should, could, might 替代）
• 与过去想反，即过去没有发生的事情
  • 条件句：had+动词过去分词
  • 主句：would have+动词过去分词

若干例句分析：

• If I saw the rabbit now, I would bite him
• If I see the rabbit tomorrow, I will bite him
• If I should see the rabbit tomorrow, I would bite him
• If I had seen the rabbit a few days ago, I would have bitten him

表示愿望、请求、建议等

• wish（对可能性小的事情用）
  • I wish that I were a rabbit
  • I wish you were here
  • I wish that I had eaten the carrot
  • I wish that I could eat the carrot
• would rather
  • I would rather that you didn’t eat the carrot
  • I would rather that you hadn’t eat the carrot
• demand, suggest, insist, order（都要用should）
  • I demand that you should give me a carrot
  • I demanded that you should give me a carrot