从句知识点总结

从句

1. 简单句：简单到不能再拆的句子
2. 复合句：由若干简单句不分主次连接在一起的句子
3. 复杂句：主句+从句

形容词性从句

定语从句

关系代词引导

• The rabbit is eating a carrot that I bought.

• The teacher who ate a carrot is a rabbit.

• The teacher whom I saw yesterday is a rabbit.

• The teacher whose favorite food is carrot is a rabbit.

• The food which the teacher likes is a carrot.

• 如果先行词是唯一的：that

  • 例如先行词用the largest, all, the only, the first等修饰

• 如果先行词多选一：which

关系副词引导

• This was the place where the rabbit ate the carrot.
  • 关系副词替换为关系代词：where换为at which
• This is the reason why the rabbit ate the carrot.
  • 关系副词替换为关系代词：why换为for which
• That was the day when the rabbit ate the carrot for the first time.
  • 关系副词替换为关系代词：when换为on which

非限定性形容词从句

限定性形容词从句：使用从句对先行词的范围进行限制

非限定性形容词从句：没有对先行词的范围进行限制，例如

• The rabbit ate te carrot, which was on the table.

  • 这句话相当于两句话：
    • The rabbit ate te carrot, the carrot was on the table.
  • 可以理解为：再说一次the carrot太啰嗦了，使用which代替简化
  • 这样的从句压根没有限定作用，只是接着说话而已

• I have a head which is round.

  • 言下之意：我有很多个头，其中一个是圆的

• I have a head, which is round.

  • 言下之意：我有一个头，它是圆的

此时的which即便代表的词被the most这类词修饰，也可以用

名词性从句

主语从句

• That the rabbit ate a carrot is obvious.
• Whether the rabbit ate the carrot is obvious.
• Where the rabbit ate the carrot is obvious.
• When the rabbit ate the carrot is obvious.
• …

可以使用形式主语

• It is obvious that the rabbit ate a carrot.
  • 其中It指代的就是后面的从句
• …

宾语从句

• T saw that the rabbit ate the carrot.

• I saw whether the rabbit ate the carrot.

• I saw who ate the carrot.

• …

• I didn’t know that the rabbit ate the carrot and that you saw it.

  • 后面包含了两个that引导的宾语从句，二者是并列的，这里的that不能省略，否则有歧义

如果要表示否定，一般放在谓语动词前，而非从句中

• I don’t think that the rabbit is smart.

宾语从句和主句的时态应该保持一致

• I didn’t think that you were right.

除非从句表达的是一个客观事实

• I knew that the sun rise in the east.

表语从句

• The secret is that the rabbit ate a carrot.
• It seems that the rabbit is hungry.

关键在于谓语动词是系动词

同位语从句

同位语从句是对前面的名词的再次说明

• The fact that the rabbit ate the carrot did not surprise me.
• The question whether the rabbit will eat the carrot is on all our minds.

宾语补语从句

• You can call me what you like.
  • what you like在这里充当宾语补语

副词性从句

状语从句

时间副词从句

1. 在某一时间点之前：
   • The rabbit ate a carrot at home before the wolf stopped by.
   • Before the wolf stopped by, The rabbit ate a carrot at home.
2. 在某一时间点之时：
   • The rabbit was eating a carrot when I reached home.
     • 这里有突然的含义
   • The rabbit was eating a carrot while I was making a video.
     • 这里有在什么期间的含义
   • I ate a carrot as I made the video.
     • 这里有一边…一边…的含义
3. 在某一时间点之后：
   • The rabbit ate a carrot after the wolf stopped by.
4. 从之前某一时间点开始算：
   • The rabbit has shared three carrots since the wolf stopped by.
   • 这里往往主句要用现在完成时态，表示过去的事件对现在有影响
5. 直到之后某一时间点：
   • The rabbit waited until the wolf stopped by.
   • 兔子一直都在等，直到狼来串门
6. 一…就…
   • The rabbit will eat a carrot as soon as the wolfs leaves.
   • 大灰狼一离开兔子就要吃一个胡萝卜
7. 下次…
   • The rabbit will share the biggest carrot the next time the wolf stops by.
   • 下次大灰狼来串门，兔子会分享最大的胡萝卜

地点副词从句

• The rabbit ate the carrot where he found it.
  • 兔子在找到胡萝卜的地方吃了它
• 可以使用的副词有：wherever, everywhere, anywhere

地点副词从句和定语从句的区别

• The rabbit ate the carrot where he found it.
  • 直接+地点
• The rabbit ate the carrot at the place where he found it.
  • 先有地点的先行词，然后再用从句修饰先行词

比较副词从句

英语的形容词有比较级，常有句型

• He is smarter than I am.

  • 后面的than I am，实际上是比较副词从句

• 越…越…

  • The more you practice English, the more fluent you become.

• 同样得…

  • He is as smart as I am.

条件副词从句

• If the rabbit sees a carrot, he will eat it.

主将从现解析：
请见虚拟语气，主将从现总结的十分模糊，不建议记这个口诀

• Provided that my video is excellent, you will give it a thumbs-up.
  • 如果我的视频很棒，你会给它点赞
• As long as I make excellent videos, you will remain my follower.
  • 只要我一直做高质量视频，你就会继续关注我
• In case you don’t understand, please comment below.
  • 如果你不明白，请在下方评论

让步副词从句

1. 即使…也…
   • Even if I see a carrot, I will not eat it.（这句指的是假设，看到胡萝卜是假设）
   • Although I see a carrot, I will not eat it.（这句指的是事实，看到胡萝卜是事实）
     • Although可以用though, even though来替代
2. 无论…都…
   • No matter what happens, I will not eat the carrot.
   • No matter who orders me, I will not eat the carrot.

方式副词从句

• I feel good as if I had just eaten a carrot.
  • 这里的 I fell good 是真实存在的，as if 引导的是假设的，因此用虚拟语气
• You spend so much money as if you were a millionaire.

原因副词从句

都表示A是B的原因或者结果

• The rabbit ate the carrot because the rabbit was hungry.
  • because在复杂句中使用，so在复合句中使用
• Since you are hungry, you are eat the carrot.
  • 这里的Since表示由于
• As you were not here, we ate the carrot without you.
  • 这里的As表示由于
• Because是实实在在的因果关系，Since可以是众所周知的因果关系，As是显而易见的因果关系
  • Because > Since > As

for也可以表示因果关系，但是其引导的是复合句

• You must really like me, for you have given all my videos a thumbs-up.

目的副词从句

• In order that I could finish the video in time, I pulled an all-nighter.
• I pulled an all-nighter so that I could finish the video in time.

结果副词从句

• The temperature was low so that the lake froze.
• I ate so many carrots for lunch that I felt sick afterwards.
  • so…that…，其中so后面要接形容词
• It was such a tasty carrot that I ate it all at once.
  • such…that…，such后面要接名词