矩阵 A A A的行列式可表示为 ∣ A ∣ |A| ∣A∣或 d e t ( A ) det(A) det(A),求法如下:
二阶行列式:
∣
a
b
c
d
∣
=
a
d
−
b
c
\begin{vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \\ \end{vmatrix}=ad-bc
∣∣∣∣acbd∣∣∣∣=ad−bc
三阶行列式:
∣
a
11
a
12
a
13
a
21
a
22
a
23
a
31
a
32
a
33
∣
=
a
11
a
22
a
33
+
a
12
a
23
a
31
+
a
13
a
21
a
32
−
a
11
a
23
a
32
−
a
12
a
21
a
33
−
a
13
a
22
a
31
=
a
11
(
a
22
a
33
−
a
23
a
32
)
+
a
12
(
a
23
a
31
−
a
21
a
33
)
+
a
13
(
a
21
a
32
−
a
22
a
31
)
\begin{vmatrix} a_{11} & a_{12}&a_{13} \\ a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23}\\ a_{31} & a_{32}& a_{33}\end{vmatrix} =a_{11}a_{22}a_{33}+a_{12}a_{23}a_{31}+a_{13}a_{21}a_{32}-a_{11}a_{23}a_{32}-a_{12}a_{21}a_{33}-a_{13}a_{22}a_{31} =a_{11}(a_{22}a_{33}-a_{23}a_{32})+a_{12}(a_{23}a_{31}-a_{21}a_{33})+a_{13}(a_{21}a_{32}-a_{22}a_{31})
∣∣∣∣∣∣a11a21a31a12a22a32a13a23a33∣∣∣∣∣∣=a11a22a33+a12a23a31+a13a21a32−a11a23a32−a12a21a33−a13a22a31=a11(a22a33−a23a32)+a12(a23a31−a21a33)+a13(a21a32−a22a31)
矩阵中任意元素
a
i
j
a_{ij}
aij的余子式
M
i
j
M_{ij}
Mij就是把
A
A
A中第
i
i
i行,第
j
j
j列的元素去掉后的行列式值。
矩阵的代数余子式
A
i
j
=
(
−
1
)
i
+
j
M
i
j
A_{ij}=(-1)^{i+j}M_{ij}
Aij=(−1)i+jMij
n×n矩阵的行列式等于其任意行(或列)的元素与对应的代数余子式乘积之和:
d
e
t
(
A
)
=
a
i
1
A
i
1
+
⋯
+
a
i
n
A
i
n
det(A)=a_{i1}A_{i1}+\cdots +a_{in}A_{in}
det(A)=ai1Ai1+⋯+ainAin