服务端入门《五》（gdb 调试)

#include<stdio.h>
int func(int n)
{
        int sum = 0;
        int i = 0;
        for(i = 0; i < n ; i++)
        {
                sum += i;
        }
        return sum;
}


int main()
{
        int i = 0;
        long result = 0;
        for(i = 0; i <= 100; i++)
        {
                result += i;
        }
        printf("result[1-100] = %d \n", result);
        printf("result[1-100] = %d \n", func(250));

}

编译生成执行文件：（Linux下）
    hchen/test> gcc -g tst.c -o tst

使用GDB调试：

hchen/test> gdb tst  <---------- 启动GDB
GNU gdb 5.1.1
Copyright 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.
Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB.  Type "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i386-suse-linux"...
(gdb) l     <-------------------- l命令相当于list，从第一行开始例出原码。
1        #include <stdio.h>
2
3        int func(int n)
4        {
5                int sum=0,i;
6                for(i=0; i<n; i++)
7                {
8                        sum+=i;
9                }
10               return sum;
(gdb)       <-------------------- 直接回车表示，重复上一次命令
11       }
12
13
14       main()
15       {
16               int i;
17               long result = 0;
18               for(i=1; i<=100; i++)
19               {
20                       result += i;   
(gdb) break 16    <-------------------- 设置断点，在源程序第16行处。
Breakpoint 1 at 0x8048496: file tst.c, line 16.
(gdb) break func  <-------------------- 设置断点，在函数func()入口处。
Breakpoint 2 at 0x8048456: file tst.c, line 5.
(gdb) info break  <-------------------- 查看断点信息。
Num Type           Disp Enb Address    What
1   breakpoint     keep y   0x08048496 in main at tst.c:16
2   breakpoint     keep y   0x08048456 in func at tst.c:5
(gdb) r           <--------------------- 运行程序，run命令简写
Starting program: /home/hchen/test/tst

Breakpoint 1, main () at tst.c:17    <---------- 在断点处停住。
17               long result = 0;
(gdb) n          <--------------------- 单条语句执行，next命令简写。
18               for(i=1; i<=100; i++)
(gdb) n
20                       result += i;
(gdb) n
18               for(i=1; i<=100; i++)
(gdb) n
20                       result += i;
(gdb) c          <--------------------- 继续运行程序，continue命令简写。
Continuing.
result[1-100] = 5050       <----------程序输出。

Breakpoint 2, func (n=250) at tst.c:5
5                int sum=0,i;
(gdb) n
6                for(i=1; i<=n; i++)
(gdb) p i        <--------------------- 打印变量i的值，print命令简写。
$1 = 134513808
(gdb) n
8                        sum+=i;
(gdb) n
6                for(i=1; i<=n; i++)
(gdb) p sum
$2 = 1
(gdb) n
8                        sum+=i;
(gdb) p i
$3 = 2
(gdb) n
6                for(i=1; i<=n; i++)
(gdb) p sum
$4 = 3
(gdb) bt        <--------------------- 查看函数堆栈。
#0  func (n=250) at tst.c:5
#1  0x080484e4 in main () at tst.c:24
#2  0x400409ed in __libc_start_main () from /lib/libc.so.6
(gdb) finish    <--------------------- 退出函数。
Run till exit from #0  func (n=250) at tst.c:5
0x080484e4 in main () at tst.c:24
24              printf("result[1-250] = %d /n", func(250) );
Value returned is $6 = 31375
(gdb) c     <--------------------- 继续运行。
Continuing.
result[1-250] = 31375    <----------程序输出。

Program exited with code 027. <--------程序退出，调试结束。
(gdb) q     <--------------------- 退出gdb。
hchen/test>

启动gdb后，就你被带入gdb的调试环境中，就可以使用gdb的命令开始调试程序了，gdb的命令可以使用help命令来查看，如下所示：

    /home/hchen> gdb
    GNU gdb 5.1.1
    Copyright 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
    GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
    welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.
    Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
    There is absolutely no warranty for GDB.  Type "show warranty" for details.
    This GDB was configured as "i386-suse-linux".
    (gdb) help
    List of classes of commands:

    aliases -- Aliases of other commands
    breakpoints -- Making program stop at certain points
    data -- Examining data
    files -- Specifying and examining files
    internals -- Maintenance commands
    obscure -- Obscure features
    running -- Running the program
    stack -- Examining the stack
    status -- Status inquiries
    support -- Support facilities
    tracepoints -- Tracing of program execution without stopping the program
    user-defined -- User-defined commands

    Type "help" followed by a class name for a list of commands in that class.
    Type "help" followed by command name for full documentation.
    Command name abbreviations are allowed if unambiguous.
    (gdb)

gdb的命令很多，gdb把之分成许多个种类。help命令只是例出gdb的命令种类，如果要看种类中的命令，可以使用help <class> 命令，如：help breakpoints，查看设置断点的所有命令。也可以直接help <command>来查看命令的帮助。

以上例子主要参考:

用GDB调试程序（一）: http://blog.csdn.net/haoel/article/details/2879

用GDB调试程序（二） ： http://blog.csdn.net/haoel/article/details/2880