Face Database

DATABASES

FROM:http://www.face-rec.org/databases/

 

When benchmarking an algorithm it is recommendable to use a standard test data set for researchers to be able to directly compare the results. While there are many databases in use currently, the choice of an appropriate database to be used should be made based on the task given (aging, expressions, lighting etc). Another way is to choose the data set specific to the property to be tested (e.g. how algorithm behaves when given images with lighting changes or images with different facial expressions). If, on the other hand, an algorithm needs to be trained with more images per class (like LDA), Yale face database is probably more appropriate than FERET.

Read more:

R. Gross, Face Databases, Handbook of Face Recognition, Stan Z. Li and Anil K. Jain, ed., Springer-Verlag, February 2005, 22 pages
link

Here are some face data sets often used by researchers:

The Color FERET Database, USA

The FERET program set out to establish a large database of facial images that was gathered independently from the algorithm developers. Dr. Harry Wechsler at George Mason University was selected to direct the collection of this database. The database collection was a collaborative effort between Dr. Wechsler and Dr. Phillips. The images were collected in a semi-controlled environment. To maintain a degree of consistency throughout the database, the same physical setup was used in each photography session. Because the equipment had to be reassembled for each session, there was some minor variation in images collected on different dates. The FERET database was collected in 15 sessions between August 1993 and July 1996. The database contains 1564 sets of images for a total of 14,126 images that includes 1199 individuals and 365 duplicate sets of images. A duplicate set is a second set of images of a person already in the database and was usually taken on a different day. For some individuals, over two years had elapsed between their first and last sittings, with some subjects being photographed multiple times. This time lapse was important because it enabled researchers to study, for the first time, changes in a subject's appearance that occur over a year.

SCface - Surveillance Cameras Face Database

SCface is a database of static images of human faces. Images were taken in uncontrolled indoor environment using five video surveillance cameras of various qualities. Database contains 4160 static images (in visible and infrared spectrum) of 130 subjects. Images from different quality cameras mimic the real-world conditions and enable robust face recognition algorithms testing, emphasizing different law enforcement and surveillance use case scenarios. SCface database is freely available to research community. The paper describing the database is available here.

Multi-PIE

A close relationship exists between the advancement of face recognition algorithms and the availability of face databases varying factors that affect facial appearance in a controlled manner. The PIE database, collected at Carnegie Mellon University in 2000, has been very influential in advancing research in face recognition across pose and illumination. Despite its success the PIE database has several shortcomings: a limited number of subjects, a single recording session and only few expressions captured. To address these issues researchers at Carnegie Mellon University collected the Multi-PIE database. It contains 337 subjects, captured under 15 view points and 19 illumination conditions in four recording sessions for a total of more than 750,000 images. The paper describing the database is available here.

The Yale Face Database

Contains 165 grayscale images in GIF format of 15 individuals. There are 11 images per subject, one per different facial expression or configuration: center-light, w/glasses, happy, left-light, w/no glasses, normal, right-light, sad, sleepy, surprised, and wink.

The Yale Face Database B

Contains 5760 single light source images of 10 subjects each seen under 576 viewing conditions (9 poses x 64 illumination conditions). For every subject in a particular pose, an image with ambient (background) illumination was also captured.

PIE Database, CMU

A database of 41,368 images of 68 people, each person under 13 different poses, 43 different illumination conditions, and with 4 different expressions.

Project - Face In Action (FIA) Face Video Database, AMP, CMU

Capturing scenario mimics the real world applications, for example, when a person is going through the airport check-in point. Six cameras capture human faces from three different angles. Three out of the six cameras have smaller focus length, and the other three have larger focus length. Plan to capture 200 subjects in 3 sessions in different time period. For one session, both in-door and out-door scenario will be captured. User-dependent pose and expression variation are expected from the video sequences.

AT&T "The Database of Faces" (formerly "The ORL Database of Faces")

Ten different images of each of 40 distinct subjects. For some subjects, the images were taken at different times, varying the lighting, facial expressions (open / closed eyes, smiling / not smiling) and facial details (glasses / no glasses). All the images were taken against a dark homogeneous background with the subjects in an upright, frontal position (with tolerance for some side movement).

Cohn-Kanade AU Coded Facial Expression Database

Subjects in the released portion of the Cohn-Kanade AU-Coded Facial Expression Database are 100 university students. They ranged in age from 18 to 30 years. Sixty-five percent were female, 15 percent were African-American, and three percent were Asian or Latino. Subjects were instructed by an experimenter to perform a series of 23 facial displays that included single action units and combinations of action units. Image sequences from neutral to target display were digitized into 640 by 480 or 490 pixel arrays with 8-bit precision for grayscale values. Included with the image files are "sequence" files; these are short text files that describe the order in which images should be read.

MIT-CBCL Face Recognition Database

The MIT-CBCL face recognition database contains face images of 10 subjects. It provides two training sets: 1. High resolution pictures, including frontal, half-profile and profile view; 2. Synthetic images (324/subject) rendered from 3D head models of the 10 subjects. The head models were generated by fitting a morphable model to the high-resolution training images. The 3D models are not included in the database. The test set consists of 200 images per subject. We varied the illumination, pose (up to about 30 degrees of rotation in depth) and the background.

Image Database of Facial Actions and Expressions - Expression Image Database

24 subjects are represented in this database, yielding between about 6 to 18 examples of the 150 different requested actions. Thus, about 7,000 color images are included in the database, and each has a matching gray scale image used in the neural network analysis.

Face Recognition Data, University of Essex, UK

395 individuals (ma