Python实战（十七）

一 实战

1 ex49.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
class ParserError(Exception):
    pass
    
class Sentence(object):

    #subject, verb, object都是二元组，第一元是词的类型，第二元是词的含义
    def __init__(self, subject, verb, object):
        self.subject = subject[1]
        self.verb = verb[1]
        self.object = object[1]

#返回单词列表首个单词的词的类型
def peek(word_list):
    if word_list:
        word= word_list[0]
        return word[0]
    else:
        return None

#如果匹配了，返回单词列表的首个词的二元组，word_list弹出了首个单词
def match(word_list, expecting):
    if word_list:
        word = word_list.pop(0)
        
        if word[0] == expecting:
            return word
        else:
            return None
    else:
        return None
        
#跳过单词列表中的stop
def skip(word_list, word_type):
    while peek(word_list) == word_type:
        match(word_list, word_type)

#返回谓语，word_list去掉动词
def parse_verb(word_list):
    skip(word_list, 'stop')
    
    if peek(word_list) == 'verb':
        return match(word_list, 'verb')
    else:
        raise ParserError("Expected a verb next.")       

#返回宾语，word_list去掉宾语
def parse_object(word_list):
    skip(word_list, 'stop')
    next = peek(word_list)
    
    if next == 'noun':
        return match(word_list, 'noun')
    if next == 'direction':
        return match(word_list, 'direction')
    else:
        raise ParserError("Expected a noun or direction next.")

#返回主语，word_list去掉主语
def parse_subject(word_list):
    skip(word_list, 'stop')
    next_word = peek(word_list)
    if next_word == 'noun':
        return match(word_list, 'noun')
    elif next_word == 'verb':       #如果是动词，则主语默认是player
        return ('noun', 'player')
    else:
        raise ParserError("Expected a verb next.")


def parse_sentence(word_list):
    subj = parse_subject(word_list)
    verb = parse_verb(word_list)
    obj = parse_object(word_list)
    return Sentence(subj, verb, obj)

2 ex49_tests.py

#coding:utf-8
from nose.tools import *
from ex49.ex49 import *
# 输入nosetests，开始测试一个

def test_Sentence():
    sentence = Sentence(('noun', 'apple'), ('verb', 'eat'), ('direction', 'good'))
    assert_equal(sentence.subject, 'apple')
    
def test_peek():
    #sentence = Sentence(('noun', 'apple'), ('verb', 'eat'), ('direction', 'good'))
    peek1 = peek([('noun', 'apple'), ('verb', 'eat'), ('direction', 'good')])
    peek2 = peek([('direction', 'good')])
    peek3 = peek([])
    assert_equal(peek1, 'noun')
    assert_equal(peek2, 'direction')
    assert_equal(peek3, None)   # None != 'None'
    
def test_match():
    match1 = match([('verb', 'eat'), ('noun', 'apple')], 'verb')    #match接收的是word_list
    assert_equal(match1, ('verb', 'eat'))
    
# 我觉得的parse_verb()方法不是需要测试——因为它还调用了别的方法（不知道我想的对不对）
#def test_parse_verb():
#    parse_verb1 = parse_verb([('noun', 'apple'), ('verb', 'eat'), ('direction', 'good')])
#    assert_equal(parse_verb1,)

    
def test_parse_subject():
    last_sentence = Sentence(('', ''), ('', ''), ('', ''))
    #下面的方法返回 Sentence(subj, verb, obj)
    last_sentence = parse_subject([('verb', 'eat'), ('direction', 'nice'), ('noun', 'apple')])
    
    assert_equal(last_sentence, ('noun', 'player'))

二 输出结果

E:\Python\exercise\ex49\skeleton>nosetests
....
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 4 tests in 0.015s

OK
E:\Python\exercise\ex49\skeleton\ex49>python
Python 2.7.15 (v2.7.15:ca079a3ea3, Apr 30 2018, 16:30:26) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from ex49 import *
>>> x = parse_sentence([('verb', 'run'), ('direction', 'north')])
>>> x.subject
'player'
>>> x.verb
'run'
>>> x.object
'north'
>>> x = parse_sentence([('noun', 'bear'), ('verb', 'eat'), ('stop', 'the'), ('noun', 'honey')])
>>> x.subject
'bear'
>>> x.verb
'eat'
>>> x.object
'honey'