【2023-1-4】沟通加风险 每日5题

沟通加风险

1.由于预算问题，项目团队决定使用具有较高测试不确定性的低成本设备来降低成本。但是，测试结果不稳定并且会产生差异，其中一名团队成员了解到这一情况，并提议使用测试不确定性较低的高分辨率设备来提高测试质量。项目经理应如何回应此提议?
Due to budget issues, the project team decides to reduce costs with low-coswith hiah test uncetaintv.However the test results are unstableequipmentand varied, and one team member understands the situation and proposes fmprove test quality by using high-resolution devices with less uncertain ancqualitative testingq. How should the project manager respond to this proposal
A:由于预算限制拒绝该提议，并遵循质量管理计划
Reject the proposal due to budgetary constraints and follow a quality
mangement plan
B:接受该提议，因为高分辨率设备测试不确定性较低，能够产生精确的测试结果
Accept this proposal because high-resolution equipment testing uncertainty islow and can produce accurate test result;
C:评估该提议，以确定高分辨率设备是否能够以较低的测试不确定性产生精确的测试结果
Evaluate the proposal to determine whether a high-resolution device canproduce accurate test results with low test uncertainty
D:接受该提议，因为在考虑质量保证时预算不是问题
Accept the proposal because the budget is not an issue when considering
qualitv assurance
答案：C
解析:PMBOK (6)P306-8.334变更请求。如果控制质量过程期间出现了可能影项目管理计划任何组成部分或项目文件的变更，项目经理应提交变更请求，且应该通过9施整体变更控制过程对变更请求进行审查和处理。所以无论是直接实施还是拒绝变更，都是错误的，排除ABD选项。

2.项目经理正在为一个大型项目起草质量管理计划，根据最近类似项目的经验，项目经理知道一些分包商倾向于使用经验不足的资源，从而导致可交付成果质量不足。项目经理应该如何最大限度的减少可能出现的任何质量问题?The project manager is drafting a quality management plan for a large projecand, based on recent experience with similar projects, the project manager isaware that some subcontractors tend to use inexperienced resources, resultincin insufficient quality deliverables. How should the project manager minimize
any quality issues that may aris
A:对所有里程碑可交付成果强制要求并执行全面检查B:在项目生命周期中增加质量检查的频率
Mandate all milestone deliverables and execute a thorough inspection
C:修订分包商合同中有关此情景的处罚条款
Increase the frequency of quality checks throughout the project life cycle
Amend the penalties in the subcontractor’s contract for this scenarioD:在质量管理计划中包含资源的最低资格要求Minimum eligibility requirements for including resources in a quality
management plan.
答案：D
解析:PMBOK(6)P286，8.1.3.1-质量管理计划，质量管理计划是项目管理计划的组成部分，描述如何实施适用的政策、程序和指南以实现质量目标。导致产生质量问题的原因是可用资源经验不足，为避免问题重复出现，需要提前对资源能力进行约定。“预防胜于检查”，所以提前约定，要好于频繁的检查和惩罚，排除ABC选项。

3.在监督项目进展情况时，项目经理希望对可交付成果做出评估，因为它们与预期不符。该复杂项目的项目经理应该做什么?
When monitoring the schedule of a project, the project manager wants toevaluate deliverables because they do not meet expectations. What should theproject manager of this complex project do?
A:与能够共同确认是否达到质量标准的关键相关方举行会议Have a meeting with key stakeholders who can jointly validate that quality
criteria are me
B:让外部质量专家参与进来，让他们审核可交付成果的质量
Involve external quality experts to review the quality of deliverable
C:根据质量管理计划中设定的标准，使用质量控制技术测试可交付成果
Test deliverables using quality control technique according to the criteria set
out in the quality management plan
D:将质量中可能存在的不符之处记录在风险登记册中，并制定减轻计划Document possible discrepancies in quality in the risk register and develop
mitigation plans
答案：C
解析:PMBOK(6)P286，8.1.3.1-质量管理计划。“希望对可交付成果做出评估，需要一把评估的尺子，即在质量管理计划中约定的质量标准。选项A，首先要根据质量标准获取质量水平，然后才可能根据评估的结果与关键相关方讨论。选项B，主题专家对质量)平评估也需要依赖于质量水平。选项D，在评的过程中如果发现存在不确定性，要列入风险管理，在选项C之后。

4.某产品设计项目正处于执行阶段中期，由于可交付成果质量差，该项目的客户满意度指数很低，在与项目团队就此事进行讨论期间，新指派的项目经理发现团队成员未按质管理计划进展，每个人都忙于对被拒可交付成果进行返工。该新项目经理该做什么?
product design project is in the execution phase due to poor deliverablesand a low customer satisfaction index for the project, and during discussiorwith the project team, the newly appointed project manager finds that teannembers are not scheduleing according to the quality management plan anthat evervone is busv reworking rejected deliverables. What should the nev
project manager do
A:告知团队成员质量管理计划将如何帮助他们减少返工时间，并指示他们遵循计划
ment plan will help themInform teammembers how the quality management plan will them reduce rework time and instruct them to follow the plan
B:招聘专用资源执行质量检查，并请求团队成员每周出具状态报告Recruit dedicated resources to execute quality checks and request weeklystatus reports from team members
C将情况上报给项目发起人，并指出前任项目经理未妥善管理项目Escalate the situation to the project sponsor and indicate that the former
project manager did not manage the project properl
D:告知客户其面临的艰难情况，并请求其不要因轻微质量问题拒绝可交付成果nform the customer of the difficult situation they are facing and ask them not to reject deliverables due to minor quality issues
答案：A
解析:PMBOK (6) P428，8.2-管理“未按质量管理计划进展”，既定的质量量。管理计划未能实施，质量管理活动存在缺失。选项B，问题出在管理质量活动而不是控制质活动。选项C，有违职业道德。选项D，质量校准是尺子，且错误在项目团队一方，对相关方进行管理以图蒙混过关是错误的。

5.项目经理正在收集项目总体运行状况方面的数据。项目经理注意到，为了确保质量，项目团队正在投入大量时间收集和分析数据。项目经理该做什么?The project manager is collecting data on the overall health of the project. Theproject manager notes that to ensure quality, the project team is spending alot of time collecting and analyzing data. What should the project manage
do?
A:查阅质量管理计划，分析是否要做出任何调整Review the quality management plan to see if any adjustments are to be madeB:确定新的项目衡量指标，使团队处于可接受的限值之内ldentifying new project metrics to keep the team within acceptable limitsC:通过因果分析法、访谈和讨论来调查情况lnvestigate the situation through causal analysis, interviews and discussionsD:通过优势、劣势、机会与威胁(SWOT)分析确定产生该质量问题的原因ldentify the cause of this quality issue through strengths, weaknesses，opportunites,threats(SWOT)analysis

答案：A
解析:PMBOK(6)P288，8.2-管理质量。“项目经理注意到”，通常这样描述的时候,紧随其后的是一个问题。“项目团队正在投入大量时间收集和分析数据”，这是项目团队正在进行的质量管理活动，判断暴露出来的问题是否是一个问题，要看是否在既定计划之内，所以要查阅质量管理计划。选项B，没有描述问题出在质量测量指标上，排除。选项C，是否是一个问题还未确定，在A选项之后。选项D，SWOT分析通常用于识别风险。