【樂理】自然音階及其三和弦列表

自然音階列表

序號	音符集	Ionian/Major scale(音程模式2212221)	Dorian  scale(音程模式2122212)	Phrygian scale(音程模式1222122)	Lydian scale(音程模式2221221)	Mixolydian scale(音程模式2212212)	Aeolian/minor scale(音程模式2122122)	Locrian scale(音程模式1221222)
1)	C, D, E, F, G, A, B	C major scale，tonic=C	D Dorian scale，tonic=D	E Phrygian scale, tonic = E	F Lydian scale, tonic = F	G Mixolydian scale, tonic =G	A minor scale, tonic = A	B Locrian scale, tonic = B
2)	C#(=Db), D#, E#(F), F#, G#, A#, B#(C)	C#major scale，tonic=C#	D#/Eb Dorian scale，tonic=D#	F Phrygian scale, tonic = F	F# Lydian scale, tonic = F#	G# Mixolydian scale, tonic =G#	A# minor scale, tonic = A#	C Locrian scale, tonic = C
2)	Db(=C#), Eb, F, Gb, Ab, Bb, C	Db major scale，tonic=Db	Eb Dorian scale，tonic=Eb	F Phrygian scale, tonic = F	Gb Lydian scale, tonic = Gb	Ab Mixolydian scale, tonic =Ab	Bb minor scale, tonic = Bb	C Locrian scale, tonic = C
3)	D, E, F#, G, A, B, C#	D major scale，tonic=D	E Dorian scale，tonic=E	F# Phrygian scale, tonic = F#	G Lydian scale, tonic = G	A Mixolydian scale, tonic =A	B minor scale, tonic = B	C# Locrian scale, tonic = C#
4)	D#(=Eb), E#, F##(G), G#, A#, B#(C), C##(D)	D# major scale，tonic=D#	E# Dorian scale，tonic=E#	G Phrygian scale, tonic = G	G# Lydian scale, tonic = G#	A# Mixolydian scale, tonic =A#	C minor scale, tonic = C	D Locrian scale, tonic = D
4)	Eb(=D#), F, G, Ab, Bb, C, D	Eb major scale，tonic=Eb	F Dorian scale，tonic=F	G Phrygian scale, tonic = G	Ab Lydian scale, tonic = Ab	Bb Mixolydian scale, tonic =Bb	C minor scale, tonic = C	D Locrian scale, tonic = D
5)	E, F#, G#, A, B, C#, D#	E major scale，tonic=E	F# Dorian scale，tonic=F#	G# Phrygian scale, tonic = G#	A Lydian scale, tonic = A	B Mixolydian scale, tonic =B	C# minor scale, tonic = C#	D# Locrian scale, tonic = D#
6)	F, G, A, Bb, C, D, E	F major scale，tonic=F	G Dorian scale，tonic=G	A Phrygian scale, tonic = A	Bb Lydian scale, tonic = Bb	C Mixolydian scale, tonic =C	D minor scale, tonic = D	E Locrian scale, tonic = E
7)	F#(=Gb), G#, A#, B, C#, D#, E#(F)	F# major scale，tonic=F#	G# Dorian scale，tonic=G#	A# Phrygian scale, tonic = A#	B Lydian scale, tonic = B	C# Mixolydian scale, tonic =C#	D# minor scale, tonic = D#	F Locrian scale, tonic =F
7)	Gb(=F#), Ab, Bb, Cb(B), Db, Eb, F	Gb major scale，tonic=Gb	Ab Dorian scale，tonic=Ab	Bb Phrygian scale, tonic = Bb	B Lydian scale, tonic = B	Db Mixolydian scale, tonic =Db	Eb minor scale, tonic = Eb	F Locrian scale, tonic =F
8)	G, A, B, C, D, E, F#	G major scale，tonic=G	A Dorian scale，tonic=A	B Phrygian scale, tonic = B	C Lydian scale, tonic = C	D Mixolydian scale, tonic =D	E minor scale, tonic = E	F# Locrian scale, tonic =F#
9)	G#(=Ab), A#, B#(C), C#, D#, E#(F), F##(G)	G# major scale，tonic=G#	A# Dorian scale，tonic=A#	C Phrygian scale, tonic = C	C# Lydian scale, tonic = C#	D# Mixolydian scale, tonic =D#	F minor scale, tonic = F	G Locrian scale, tonic =G
9)	Ab(=G#), Bb, C, Db, Eb, F, G	Ab major scale，tonic=Ab	Bb Dorian scale，tonic=Bb	C Phrygian scale, tonic = C	Db Lydian scale, tonic = Db	Eb Mixolydian scale, tonic =Eb	F minor scale, tonic = F	G Locrian scale, tonic =G
10)	A, B, C#, D, E, F#, G#	A major scale，tonic=A	B Dorian scale，tonic=B	C# Phrygian scale, tonic = C#	D Lydian scale, tonic = D	E Mixolydian scale, tonic =E	F# minor scale, tonic = F#	G# Locrian scale, tonic =G#
11)	A#(=Bb), B#(C), C##(D), D#, E#(F), F##(G), G##(A)	A#major scale，tonic=A#	C Dorian scale，tonic=C	D Phrygian scale, tonic = D	D# Lydian scale, tonic = D#	F Mixolydian scale, tonic =F	G minor scale, tonic = G	A Locrian scale, tonic =A
11)	Bb(=A#), C, D, Eb, F, G, A	Bb major scale，tonic=Bb	C Dorian scale，tonic=C	D Phrygian scale, tonic = D	Eb Lydian scale, tonic = Eb	F Mixolydian scale, tonic =F	G minor scale, tonic = G	A Locrian scale, tonic =A
12)	B, C#, D#, E, F#, G#, A#	B major scale，tonic=B	C# Dorian scale，tonic=C#	D# Phrygian scale, tonic = D#	E Lydian scale, tonic = E	F# Mixolydian scale, tonic =F#	G# minor scale, tonic = G#	A# Locrian scale, tonic =A#

自然音階生成的三和弦列表​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

序號	Triads集	Ionian/Major scale(音程模式2212221) 和弦： I ii iii IV V vi viiº	Dorian  scale(音程模式2122212) 和弦： i ii bIII IV v viº bVII	Phrygian scale(音程模式1222122) 和弦： i bII bIII iv vº bVI bvii	Lydian scale(音程模式2221221) 和弦： I II iii #ivº V vi vii	Mixolydian scale(音程模式2212212) 和弦： I ii iiiº IV v vi bVII	Aeolian/minor scale(音程模式2122122) 和弦： i iiº bIII iv v bVI bVII	Locrian scale(音程模式1221222) 和弦： iº bII biii iv bV bVI bvii
1)	C, Dm, Em, F, G, Am, Bº	C major scale: C, Dm, Em, F, G, Am, Bº	D Dorian scale: Dm, Em, F, G, Am,  Bº, C	E Phrygian scale: Em, F, G, Gm, Bº, C, Dm	F Lydian scale: F, G, Am, Bº, C, Dm, Em	G Mixolydian scale: G, Am, Bº, C, Dm, Em, F	A minor scale: Am, Bº, C, Dm, Em, F, G	B Locrian scale: Bº, C, Dm, Em, F, G, Am
2)	Db(=C#), Ebm, Fm, Gb, Ab, Bbm, Cº	Db major: Db, Ebm, Fm, Gb, Ab, Bbm, Cº	Eb Dorian: Ebm, Fm, Gb, Ab, Bbm, Cº, Db	F Phrygian: Fm, Gb, Ab, Bbm, Cº, Db, Ebm	Gb Lydian: Gb, Ab, Bbm, Cº, Db, Ebm, Fm	Ab Mixolydian: Ab, Bbm, Cº, Db, Ebm, Fm, Gb, Ab, Bbm, Cº, Db, Ebm, Fm	Bb minor: Bbm, Cº, Db, Ebm, Fm, Gb, Ab	C Locrian: Cº, Db, Ebm, Fm, Gb, Ab, Bbm
3)	D, Em, F#m, G, A, Bm, C#º	D major:D, Em, F#m, G, A, Bm, C#º	E Dorian: Em, F#m, G, A, Bm, C#º, D	F# Phrygian: F#m, G, A, Bm, C#º, D, Em	G Lydian: G, A, Bm, C#º, D, Em, F#m	A Mixolydian: A, Bm, C#º, D, Em, F#m, G	B minor: Bm, C#º, D, Em, F#m, G, A	C# Locrian: C#º, D, Em, F#m, G, A, Bm
4)	Eb(=D#), Fm, Gm, Ab, Bb, Cm, Dº	Eb major: Eb, Fm, Gm, Ab, Bb, Cm, Dº	F Dorian: Fm, Gm, Ab, Bb, Cm, Dº, Eb	G Phrygian: Gm, Ab, Bb, Cm, Dº, Eb, Fm	Ab Lydian: Ab, Bb, Cm, Dº, Eb, Fm, Gm	Bb Mixolydian: Bb, Cm, Dº, Eb, Fm, Gm, Ab	C minor: Cm, Dº, Eb, Fm, Gm, Ab, Bb	D Locrian: Dº, Eb, Fm, Gm, Ab, Bb, Cm
5)	E, F#m, G#m, A, B, C#m, D#º	E major: E, F#m, G#m, A, B, C#m, D#º	F# Dorian: F#m, G#m, A, B, C#m, D#º, E	G# Phrygian: G#m, A, B, C#m, D#º, E, F#m	A Lydian: A, B, C#m, D#º, E, F#m, G#m	B Mixolydian: B, C#m, D#º, E, F#m, G#m, A	C# minor: C#m, D#º, E, F#m, G#m, A, B	D# Locrian: D#º, E, F#m, G#m, A, B, C#m
6)	F, Gm, Am, Bb, C, Dm, Eº	F major: F, Gm, Am, Bb, C, Dm, Eº	G Dorian: Gm, Am, Bb,C, Dm, Eº, F	A Phrygian: Am, Bb, C, Dm, Eº, F, Gm	Bb Lydian: Bb, C, Dm, Eº, F, Gm, Am	C Mixolydian:  C, Dm, Eº, F, Gm, Am, Bb	D minor: Dm, Eº, F, Gm, Am, Bb, C	E Locrian: Eº, F, Gm, Am, Bb, C, Dm
7)	F#(=Gb), G#m, A#m, B, C#, Dm, E#º	F#major: F#, G#m, A#m, B, C#, Dm, E#º	G# Dorian: G#m, A#m, B, C#, D#m, E#º, F#	A# Phrygian: A#m, B, C#, D#m, E#º, F#, G#m	B Lydian: B, C#, D#m, E#º, F#, G#m, A#m	C# Mixolydian: C#, D#m, E#º, F#, G#m, A#m, B	D# minor: D#m, E#º, F#, G#m, A#m, B, C#	F Locrian: E#º, F#, G#m, A#m, B, C#, D#m
8)	G, Am, Bm, C, D, Em, F#º	G Major: G, Am, Bm, C, D, Em, F#º	A Dorian: Am, Bm, C, D, Em, F#, G	B Phrygian: Bm, C, D, Em, F#º, G, Am	C Lydian: C, D, Em, F#º, G, Am, Bm	D Mixolydian: D, Em, F#º, G, Am, Bm, C	E minor: Em, D, F#º, G, Am, Bm, C	F# Locrian: F#º, G, Am, Bm, C, D, Em
9)	Ab(=G#), Bbm, Cm, Db, Eb, Fm, Gº	Ab major: Ab, Bbm, Cm, Db, Eb, Fm, Gº	Bb Dorian: Bbm, Cm, Db, Eb, Fm, Gº, Ab	C Phrygian: Cm, Db, Eb, Fm, Gº, Ab, Bbm	Db Lydian: Db, Eb, Fm, Gº, Ab, Bbm, Cm	Eb Mixolydian: Eb, Fm, Gº, Ab, Bbm, Cm, Db	F minor: Fm, Gº, Ab, Bbm, Cm, Db, Eb	G Locrian: Gº, Ab, Bbm, Cm, Db, Eb, Fm
10)	A, Bm, C#m, D, E, F#m, G#º	A major: A, Bm, C#m, D, E, F#m, G#º	B Dorian: Bm, C#m, D, E, F#m, G#º, A	C# Phrygian: C#m, D, E, F#m, G#º, A, Bm	D Lydian: D, E, F#m, G#º, A, Bm, C#m,	E Mixolydian: E, F#m, G#º, A, Bm, C#m, D	F# minor: F#m, G#º, A, Bm, C#m, D, E	G# Locrian: G#º, A, Bm, C#m, D, E, F#m
11)	Bb(=A#), Cm, Dm, Eb, F, Gm, Aº	Bb major: Bb, Cm, Dm, Eb, F, Gm, Aº	C Dorian: Cm, Dm, Eb, F, Gm, Aº, Bb	D Phrygian: Dm, Eb, F, Gm, Aº, Bb, Cm	Eb Lydian: Eb, F, Gm, Aº, Bb, Cm, Dm	F Mixolydian: : F, Gm, Aº, Bb, Cm, Dm, Eb	G minor: Gm, Aº, Bb, Cm, Dm, Eb, F	A Locrian: Aº, Bb, Cm, Dm, Eb, F, Gm
12)	B, C#m, D#m, E, F#, G#m, A#º	B major: B, C#m, D#m, E, F#, G#m, A#º	C# Dorian: C#m, D#m, E, F#, G#m, A#º, B	D# Phrygian: D#m, E, F#, G#m, A#º, B, C#m	E Lydian: E, F#, G#m, A#º, B, C#m, D#m	F# Mixolydian: F#, G#m, A#º, B, C#m, D#m, E,	G#minor: G#m, A#º, B, C#m, D#m, E, F#,	A# Locrian: A#º, B, C#m, D#m, E, F#, G#m

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【說明】

Let's use the notes of G major (scale), but let's focus on the second note of the G major which is A. We call that A Dorian. By doing that, I create the Dorian feel.--Jake Lizzio, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hyZPcYf1Pe4

“Signals Music Studio”博主說，Dorian scale是major scale的第二個mode，A Dorian位於G major scale，和G major scale公用音符和和弦。

換句話說，我選G major scale這個key，但聚焦於音符A、和弦Am，這樣就可以說我的key是A Dorian scale。

那我們可不可以說我選C major scale這個key，但聚焦於音符A、和弦Am，這樣我的key是A minor scale？A minor scale是C major scale的sixth mode？不能這樣說。

我們可以認為：本質上起始鍵（主音）不同，major scale list有12個音階C major、Bb major、B major、……。minor scale list也有12個音階，Dorian scale list 也有12個音階，Phrygian scale list 也有12個音階，......，Locrian scale list 也有12個音階。 

其中G major scale= (G, A, B, C, D, E, F#) 和A Dorian（2nd mode of major）、B Phrygian、C Lydian、D Mixolydian、E minor、F# Locrian音符集合是一樣的。

縱12（scale list）、橫7（diatonic mode）排成矩陣的話，橫的內容音符集合一樣，major scale中的音符依次為根音。定調就是在這個矩陣中選一個scale。

為什麼人們一般認為定調就是定major scale還是minor scale這兩列中某一個？是不是這兩種調一喜一悲、一亮一暗、一能一喪兩個極端，其他調都位於中部？

同理，一橫scale共享三和弦集合。如果一個曲子以A為tonic，僅用到A7這個和弦，我們查表中每一列以A what命名的scale，包含A major chord的Scale可能是：A major、​A Lydian、A Mixolydian。

兩張表的序號對應，第一章表中序號有重複是因為一個黑鍵有兩個名字。

後記：Signals Music Studio博主在“Demonstrating All 7 Modes in Parallel [MODAL MUSIC THEORY]”中示範了7 modes的感覺。對我來說，這個示範G minor最動人。使用major、minor之外的mode需要一個很好的理由。

I admit Lydian is my favorite mode. It's dreamy, disoriented, disconnected, floaty. That comes from a major triad G,B,D, that's our tonic chord. We also have a  tritone which is a sharp 4. And just that combination of notes gives very sci-fi, kind of otherworldly feel.——Signals Music Studio

參考：

[1]Ionian Mode, https://www.pianoscales.org/ionian.html
[2]Dorian Mode, https://www.pianoscales.org/dorian.html
[3]Phrygian Mode, https://www.pianoscales.org/phrygian.html
[4]Lydian Mode, https://www.pianoscales.org/lydian.html
[5]Mixolydian Mode, https://www.pianoscales.org/mixolydian.html
[6]Aeolian Mode, https://www.pianoscales.org/aeolian.html
[7]Locrian Mode, https://www.pianoscales.org/locrian.html