U3D点滴－单例模式

例如：对于一个音乐管理类

using UnityEngine;

 

public class MusicManager : MonoBehaviour

{

     public void Play()

     {

         //Play some audio!

     }

}

现在要调用来播放音乐，如下代码

Object.FindObjectOfType < MusicManager > ().Play();

以上的代码不仅难懂而且不安全，比较的好方式如下代码：

var musicManager = Object.FindObjectOfType < MusicManager >();

if ( musicManager != null )

{

musicManager.Play ();

}

以上的代码运行没有问题，但是每次调用的话会比较麻烦。

现在就用单例模式来创建代码：

public class MusicManager : MonoBehaviour

{

     //We make a static variable to our MusicManager instance

     public static MusicManager instance { get ; private set ; }

 

     //When the object awakens, we assign the static variable

     void Awake()

     {

         instance = this ;

     }

 

     public void Play()

     {

         //Play some audio!

     }

}

 

//...

//Now in another class, we can call Play() by using the static variable!

public class LevelController : MonoBehaviour

{

     void PlayMusic()

     {

         MusicManager.instance.Play();

}

}

这样的方式叫做lazy Singleton(偷懒的单例模式吗？！)

这样使用要注意一个地方就是调用的时间，就是如果要使用不能在awake（）方法里面，以保证这个实例不为null

比如，Start()方法就可以。

以下是标准的单例模式

public class MusicManager : MonoBehaviour {      //Here is a private reference only this class can access      private static MusicManager _instance;        //This is the public reference that other classes will use      public static MusicManager instance      {          get          {              //If _instance hasn't been set yet, we grab it from the scene!              //This will only happen the first time this reference is used.              if (_instance == null )                  _instance = GameObject.FindObjectOfType<MusicManager>();              return _instance;          }      }        public void Play()      {          //Play some audio!      } }

持续的单例

有时候你可能要在不同的场景里面使用单例

public class MusicManager : MonoBehaviour

{

     private static MusicManager _instance;

 

     public static MusicManager instance

     {

         get

         {

             if (_instance == null )

             {

                 _instance = GameObject.FindObjectOfType<MusicManager>();

 

                 //Tell unity not to destroy this object when loading a new scene!

                 DontDestroyOnLoad(_instance.gameObject);

             }

 

             return _instance;

         }

     }

 

     void Awake()

     {

         if (_instance == null )

         {

             //If I am the first instance, make me the Singleton

             _instance = this ;

             DontDestroyOnLoad( this );

         }

         else

         {

             //If a Singleton already exists and you find

             //another reference in scene, destroy it!

             if ( this != _instance)

                 Destroy( this .gameObject);

         }

     }

 

     public void Play()

     {

         //Play some audio!

     }

}

DontDestroyOnLoad() will maintain all scripts that are placed on the same GameObject as your singleton.

 For this reason it’s usually a good idea to put a singleton on it’s own GameObject alone.

Other Notes:

• DontDestroyOnLoad() only needs to be used on objects inheriting MonoBehaviour. A static reference in a normal class will maintain its data across scenes.
• In Unity, if you have a reference to a GameObject or MonoBehaviour that has been destroyed, it will equal null. The singleton examples above use this to their advantage.

以上是e文，自己体会吧

原文引用：http://unitypatterns.com/singletons/