文章目录
什么是助动词
助动词:协助构成疑问、否定、完成态、进行态等的单词。
be(am is are)
do does did
have has had
Have 和 Do 的基本用法
Have 的基本用法
“Have” 在英语中有两种最基本的用法:
1.实义动词
作为实义动词:表示“拥有”,指的是拥有某物或经历某事。
"Have" 作为实义动词
1."表示拥有":用来表达拥有某物或某种属性。
I have a car.(我有一辆车)
She has a dog.(她有一只狗)
2."表示经历或参加某种活动":例如,表示吃饭、做事等。
I have breakfast at 7 am every day.(我每天早上7点吃早餐)
They had a meeting yesterday.(他们昨天开了个会议)
2.助动词
作为助动词:构成完成时态,表示过去发生的动作与现在有联系。
"Have" 在英语中最常见的助动词用法是构成完成时态。它可以用于:
1."现在完成时(Present Perfect)":表示动作发生在过去,但与现在有某种联系。
I have seen that movie.(我看过那部电影。)
She has finished her homework.(她完成了作业。)
2."过去完成时(Past Perfect)":表示在过去的某个时间点之前完成的动作。
They had left before I arrived.(他们在我到达之前已经离开了。)
3."现在完成进行时(Present Perfect Continuous)":表示从过去持续到现在的动作,通常强调动作的过程。
I have been working for two hours.(我已经工作了两个小时。)
3. Have 的使用技巧
“Have” 主要用于表示“拥有”或表示动作的完成,通常需要注意以下几点:
1 现在完成时(Present Perfect)
动作的发生时间不明确:通常 "have" 用于表示发生在不确定时间的动作。
I have lived in Beijing for five years.(我在北京住了五年。)
这里没有明确说“什么时候开始住”,只知道住了五年,而且到现在依然住在那里。
2 强调与现在的联系
“Have” 强调过去的动作对现在的影响或结果,而不仅仅是过去发生过的事。
I have lost my keys.(我丢了钥匙。)
这里强调的是现在的结果,即“现在我没有钥匙了”。
3 描述经验
现在完成时也用来表达某人经历过某种事情,而不关心发生的具体时间。
I have been to Paris.(我去过巴黎。)
Do 的基本用法
“Do” 的用法相对更为复杂,它可以作为实义动词和助动词使用。
1.实义动词
"Do" 作为实义动词,表示“做”某事、从事某项活动:
1. I do my homework every evening.(我每天晚上做作业。)
2. She does yoga every morning.(她每天早上做瑜伽。)
2.助动词
"Do" 作为助动词时,通常用于:
1."疑问句":构成一般疑问句,询问某件事情是否发生。
Do you like coffee?(你喜欢咖啡吗?)
Does she play tennis?(她打网球吗?)
2."否定句":构成否定句,表示某件事情没有发生。
I do not understand.(我不明白。)
They do not like ice cream.(他们不喜欢冰激凌。)
3."强调句":用于强调动作或状态,通常会加重语气。
I do like that movie!(我确实喜欢那部电影!)
She does work hard.(她确实工作很努力。)
3. Do 的使用技巧
“Do” 作为助动词用于构成疑问句、否定句和强调句时非常重要。以下是使用技巧:
1 "构成疑问句"
"Do" 在疑问句中作为助动词出现,帮助构成对某种行为或状态的询问。"Does" 用于第三人称单数。
Do you know the answer?(你知道答案吗?)
Does he like the movie?(他喜欢这部电影吗?)
2 "构成否定句"
"Do" 用于否定句时,表示某事没有发生。"Does" 用于第三人称单数。
I don’t like chocolate.(我不喜欢巧克力。)
He doesn’t understand the problem.(他不理解这个问题。)
3 "强调句"
"Do" 在句子中作为强调时,用于加重语气。
I do want to go!(我真的想去!)
She does care about you.(她确实在乎你。)
Have 和 Do 的关键区别:
“Have”:通常表示拥有、经历或表示完成时态,而**“Do”:通常用于表示动作**、构成疑问句/否定句或强调。
实战技巧:如何选择
1.如果句子是疑问句或否定句:
使用 “do” 或 “does”(用于第三人称单数)作为助动词。
Do you like music?(你喜欢音乐吗?)
She doesn’t go to the gym.(她不去健身房。)
2.如果句子表达“拥有”或“经历”:
使用 “have” 或 “has”(用于第三人称单数)。
I have a dog.(我有一只狗。)
She has finished her homework.(她已经完成了作业。)
3.如果句子是“完成时态”:
使用 “have” 来表示某事已完成,与现在有联系。
I have seen that movie.(我看过那部电影。)
They have been to Paris.(他们去过巴黎。)
4.如果你想强调某个动作:
使用 “do” 来加强句子的语气。
I do love this song!(我真的喜欢这首歌!)
练习
根据上面的规则,试着完成这些句子:
填空题
- ______ you ever been to the museum? (Have / Do)
- I ______ not know the answer to that question. (do / have)
- He ______ been working here for 5 years. (have / does)
- They ______ to the market every Saturday. (do / have)
- I ______ a lot of books at home. (have / do)
答案:1.Have, 2.do, 3.has, 4. go (缺少动词,可以加"do") , 5.have
根据上下文填入正确的 “have” 或 “do” 形式。
1.I __________ never been to that restaurant before.
2.He __________ not understand what you are trying to say.
3.They __________ a lot of homework to finish before the weekend.
4.We __________ not like the movie we saw last night.
5.I __________ seen her at the party yesterday, but I didn’t get a chance to talk to her.
答案:1.have, 2.does,3.have,4.do,5.have
选择题
1.She __________ already finished her homework.
A) have
B) has
C) does
D) did
2.I __________ like the way you speak.
A) do
B) have
C) am
D) did
3.He __________ his homework when I called him.
A) was doing
B) do
C) had done
D) have done
4.They __________ the car washed every week.
A) do
B) have
C) has
D) are
5.__________ you enjoy your vacation last summer?
A) Have
B) Did
C) Do
D) Does
答案:1.B) has, 2.A) do, 3.C) had done, 4.B) have, 5.B) Did
改错题:
找出句子中的错误并改正。
1.I have saw him yesterday at the mall.
2.She do her homework every evening after school.
3.We has been waiting for the bus for 20 minutes.
4.They does not know where she went.
5.He have finished the report already.
答案
1.have → saw → seen
2.do → does
3.has → have
4.does → do
5.have → finished → have finished
正确句子:
“I saw him yesterday at the mall.”
这句话使用了简单过去时,表示过去的一个具体事件,符合“yesterday”的时间要求。
如果你想使用现在完成时(例如,强调动作对现在的影响),你可以改成:
“I have seen him at the mall.”
这句话不指定时间,表示过去的某个时刻发生的动作对现在有某种联系。
句型转换题:
根据要求进行句型转换。
1.(肯定句 → 否定句)
She has finished her project. → ___________________________________________
2. (否定句 → 肯定句)
They don’t like chocolate. → ___________________________________________
3. (将句子从疑问句转换为陈述句)
Do you know the answer? → ___________________________________________
4. (将句子从陈述句转换为疑问句)
They have arrived at the airport. → ___________________________________________
答案
She has not finished her project.
They like chocolate.
You know the answer.
Have they arrived at the airport?
二选一
选择正确的句子。
A) He have finished his work.
B) He has finished his work.
A) I don’t understand why she do that.
B) I don’t understand why she does that.
A) Does you want a cup of tea?
B) Do you want a cup of tea?
A) They do not likes this book.
B) They do not like this book.
A) She have visited the museum last weekend.
B) She visited the museum last weekend.
答案
B) He has finished his work.
B) I don’t understand why she does that.
B) Do you want a cup of tea?
B) They do not like this book.
B) She visited the museum last weekend.