人工智能教程 - 数学基础课程1.1 - 数学分析（一）5-7 隐函数微分,指数,对数,导数的大公式

chain rule use

隐函数微分(Implicit differentiation)

EX:

$\frac{d}{dx}{x}^a=a{x}^{a-1}$

so far,so good! a=0,a=+1/-1,a=+2/-2,…
implicit diff allows of any inverse
f’n provided we know the deriv of the function

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指数和对数

(exponentials and logarithms)

general :

$a^{x_1+x_2}=a^{x_1}.a^{x_2}$

$(a^{x_1}{)}^{x_2}=a^{x_1.x_2}$

circuitous means, we’re taking a roundabout route.

$\frac{d}{dx}{e}^x=e^x$

Natural log:

$y=e^x\iff lny=x$

$ln(x_1.x_2)=ln{x}_1+ln{x}_2$

$\frac{d}{dx}{a}^x=(lna).a^x$

General:

$(lnu{)}^{\prime }=\frac{u^{\prime }}{u}$

${\lim }_{n\to \infty }(1+\frac{1}{n}{)}^n=e$

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exponents:

$a_k=(1+\frac{1}{k}{)}^k$

${\lim }_{k\to \infty }{a}_k=e$

General:

$\frac{d}{dx}{x}^r=r{x}^{r-1}$

two methods to verify

• base e
• log diff

Natural log is natural!

example of economics:

$\frac{p^{\prime }}{p}=(lnp{)}^{\prime }$

General:

$\frac{d}{dx}secx=secx.tanx$

Read formula backwards:

${\lim }_{\Delta x\to 0}\frac{f(x+\Delta x)-f(x)}{\Delta x}=f^{\prime }(x)$