MobileOne: 移动端仅需1ms的高性能骨干

开源地址：

GitHub - shoutOutYangJie/MobileOne: An Improved One millisecond Mobile Backbone

tensorrt代码：

onnx转tensorrt学习笔记_AI视觉网奇的博客-CSDN博客_onnx转tensorrt

测试代码：

1060显卡上，224*224，cpu上10ms，gpu上3ms。

最新测试，cpu需要80ms，gpu需要12ms。cpu  i5 12600kf。

https://github.com/shoutOutYangJie/MobileOne/blob/main/mobileone.py

 比skipnet快，泛化能力也比skipnet高。

轻量级网络skipnet_AI视觉网奇的博客-CSDN博客_skip网络

import time

import torch.nn as nn
import numpy as np
import torch
import copy


def conv_bn(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, padding, groups=1):
    result = nn.Sequential()
    result.add_module('conv', nn.Conv2d(in_channels=in_channels, out_channels=out_channels, kernel_size=kernel_size,
                                        stride=stride, padding=padding, groups=groups, bias=False))
    result.add_module('bn', nn.BatchNorm2d(num_features=out_channels))
    return result


class DepthWiseConv(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, inc, kernel_size, stride=1):
        super().__init__()
        padding = 1
        if kernel_size == 1:
            padding = 0
        # self.conv = nn.Sequential(
        #     nn.Conv2d(inc, inc, kernel_size, stride, padding, groups=inc, bias=False,),
        #     nn.BatchNorm2d(inc),
        # )
        self.conv = conv_bn(inc, inc, kernel_size, stride, padding, inc)

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.conv(x)


class PointWiseConv(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, inc, outc):
        super().__init__()
        # self.conv = nn.Sequential(
        #     nn.Conv2d(inc, outc, 1, 1, 0, bias=False),
        #     nn.BatchNorm2d(outc),
        # )
        self.conv = conv_bn(inc, outc, 1, 1, 0)

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.conv(x)


class MobileOneBlock(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, k, stride=1, dilation=1, padding_mode='zeros', deploy=False,
                 use_se=False):
        super(MobileOneBlock, self).__init__()
        self.deploy = deploy
        self.in_channels = in_channels
        self.out_channels = out_channels
        self.deploy = deploy
        kernel_size = 3
        padding = 1
        assert kernel_size == 3
        assert padding == 1
        self.k = k
        padding_11 = padding - kernel_size // 2

        self.nonlinearity = nn.ReLU()

        if use_se:
            # self.se = SEBlock(out_channels, internal_neurons=out_channels // 16)
            ...
        else:
            self.se = nn.Identity()

        if deploy:
            self.dw_reparam = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=in_channels, out_channels=in_channels, kernel_size=kernel_size,
                                        stride=stride, padding=padding, dilation=dilation, groups=in_channels,
                                        bias=True, padding_mode=padding_mode)
            self.pw_reparam = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=in_channels, out_channels=out_channels, kernel_size=1, stride=1,
                                        bias=True)

        else:
            # self.rbr_identity = nn.BatchNorm2d(num_features=in_channels) if out_channels == in_channels and stride == 1 else None
            # self.rbr_dense = conv_bn(in_channels=in_channels, out_channels=out_channels, kernel_size=kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding, groups=groups)
            # self.rbr_1x1 = conv_bn(in_channels=in_channels, out_channels=out_channels, kernel_size=1, stride=stride, padding=padding_11, groups=groups)
            # print('RepVGG Block, identity = ', self.rbr_identity)
            self.dw_bn_layer = nn.BatchNorm2d(in_channels) if out_channels == in_channels and stride == 1 else None
            for k_idx in range(k):
                setattr(self, f'dw_3x3_{k_idx}', DepthWiseConv(in_channels, 3, stride=stride))
            self.dw_1x1 = DepthWiseConv(in_channels, 1, stride=stride)

            self.pw_bn_layer = nn.BatchNorm2d(in_channels) if out_channels == in_channels and stride == 1 else None
            for k_idx in range(k):
                setattr(self, f'pw_1x1_{k_idx}', PointWiseConv(in_channels, out_channels))

    def forward(self, inputs):
        if self.deploy:
            x = self.dw_reparam(inputs)
            x = self.nonlinearity(x)
            x = self.pw_reparam(x)
            x = self.nonlinearity(x)
            return x

        if self.dw_bn_layer is None:
            id_out = 0
        else:
            id_out = self.dw_bn_layer(inputs)

        x_conv_3x3 = []
        for k_idx in range(self.k):
            x = getattr(self, f'dw_3x3_{k_idx}')(inputs)
            # print(x.shape)
            x_conv_3x3.append(x)
        x_conv_1x1 = self.dw_1x1(inputs)
        # print(x_conv_1x1.shape, x_conv_3x3[0].shape)
        # print(x_conv_1x1.shape)
        # print(id_out)
        x = id_out + x_conv_1x1 + sum(x_conv_3x3)
        x = self.nonlinearity(self.se(x))

        # 1x1 conv
        if self.pw_bn_layer is None:
            id_out = 0
        else:
            id_out = self.pw_bn_layer(x)
        x_conv_1x1 = []
        for k_idx in range(self.k):
            x_conv_1x1.append(getattr(self, f'pw_1x1_{k_idx}')(x))
        x = id_out + sum(x_conv_1x1)
        x = self.nonlinearity(x)
        return x

    #   Optional. This improves the accuracy and facilitates quantization.
    #   1.  Cancel the original weight decay on rbr_dense.conv.weight and rbr_1x1.conv.weight.
    #   2.  Use like this.
    #       loss = criterion(....)
    #       for every RepVGGBlock blk:
    #           loss += weight_decay_coefficient * 0.5 * blk.get_cust_L2()
    #       optimizer.zero_grad()
    #       loss.backward()
    def get_custom_L2(self):
        # K3 = self.rbr_dense.conv.weight
        # K1 = self.rbr_1x1.conv.weight
        # t3 = (self.rbr_dense.bn.weight / ((self.rbr_dense.bn.running_var + self.rbr_dense.bn.eps).sqrt())).reshape(-1, 1, 1, 1).detach()
        # t1 = (self.rbr_1x1.bn.weight / ((self.rbr_1x1.bn.running_var + self.rbr_1x1.bn.eps).sqrt())).reshape(-1, 1, 1, 1).detach()

        # l2_loss_circle = (K3 ** 2).sum() - (K3[:, :, 1:2, 1:2] ** 2).sum()      # The L2 loss of the "circle" of weights in 3x3 kernel. Use regular L2 on them.
        # eq_kernel = K3[:, :, 1:2, 1:2] * t3 + K1 * t1                           # The equivalent resultant central point of 3x3 kernel.
        # l2_loss_eq_kernel = (eq_kernel ** 2 / (t3 ** 2 + t1 ** 2)).sum()        # Normalize for an L2 coefficient comparable to regular L2.
        # return l2_loss_eq_kernel + l2_loss_circle
        ...

    #   This func derives the equivalent kernel and bias in a DIFFERENTIABLE way.
    #   You can get the equivalent kernel and bias at any time and do whatever you want,
    #   for example, apply some penalties or constraints during training, just like you do to the other models.
    #   May be useful for quantization or pruning.
    def get_equivalent_kernel_bias(self):
        # kernel3x3, bias3x3 = self._fuse_bn_tensor(self.rbr_dense)
        # kernel1x1, bias1x1 = self._fuse_bn_tensor(self.rbr_1x1)
        # kernelid, biasid = self._fuse_bn_tensor(self.rbr_identity)
        # return kernel3x3 + self._pad_1x1_to_3x3_tensor(kernel1x1) + kernelid, bias3x3 + bias1x1 + biasid

        dw_kernel_3x3 = []
        dw_bias_3x3 = []
        for k_idx in range(self.k):
            k3, b3 = self._fuse_bn_tensor(getattr(self, f"dw_3x3_{k_idx}").conv)
            # print(k3.shape, b3.shape)
            dw_kernel_3x3.append(k3)
            dw_bias_3x3.append(b3)
        dw_kernel_1x1, dw_bias_1x1 = self._fuse_bn_tensor(self.dw_1x1.conv)
        dw_kernel_id, dw_bias_id = self._fuse_bn_tensor(self.dw_bn_layer, self.in_channels)
        dw_kernel = sum(dw_kernel_3x3) + self._pad_1x1_to_3x3_tensor(dw_kernel_1x1) + dw_kernel_id
        dw_bias = sum(dw_bias_3x3) + dw_bias_1x1 + dw_bias_id
        # pw
        pw_kernel = []
        pw_bias = []
        for k_idx in range(self.k):
            k1, b1 = self._fuse_bn_tensor(getattr(self, f"pw_1x1_{k_idx}").conv)
            # print(k1.shape)
            pw_kernel.append(k1)
            pw_bias.append(b1)
        pw_kernel_id, pw_bias_id = self._fuse_bn_tensor(self.pw_bn_layer, 1)

        pw_kernel_1x1 = sum(pw_kernel) + pw_kernel_id
        pw_bias_1x1 = sum(pw_bias) + pw_bias_id
        return dw_kernel, dw_bias, pw_kernel_1x1, pw_bias_1x1

    def _pad_1x1_to_3x3_tensor(self, kernel1x1):
        if kernel1x1 is None:
            return 0
        else:
            return torch.nn.functional.pad(kernel1x1, [1, 1, 1, 1])

    def _fuse_bn_tensor(self, branch, groups=None):
        if branch is None:
            return 0, 0
        if isinstance(branch, nn.Sequential):
            kernel = branch.conv.weight
            bias = branch.conv.bias
            running_mean = branch.bn.running_mean
            running_var = branch.bn.running_var
            gamma = branch.bn.weight
            beta = branch.bn.bias
            eps = branch.bn.eps
        else:
            assert isinstance(branch, nn.BatchNorm2d)
            # if not hasattr(self, 'id_tensor'):
            input_dim = self.in_channels // groups  # self.groups
            if groups == 1:
                ks = 1
            else:
                ks = 3
            kernel_value = np.zeros((self.in_channels, input_dim, ks, ks), dtype=np.float32)
            for i in range(self.in_channels):
                if ks == 1:
                    kernel_value[i, i % input_dim, 0, 0] = 1
                else:
                    kernel_value[i, i % input_dim, 1, 1] = 1
            self.id_tensor = torch.from_numpy(kernel_value).to(branch.weight.device)

            kernel = self.id_tensor
            running_mean = branch.running_mean
            running_var = branch.running_var
            gamma = branch.weight
            beta = branch.bias
            eps = branch.eps
        std = (running_var + eps).sqrt()
        t = (gamma / std).reshape(-1, 1, 1, 1)
        return kernel * t, beta - running_mean * gamma / std

    def switch_to_deploy(self):
        dw_kernel, dw_bias, pw_kernel, pw_bias = self.get_equivalent_kernel_bias()

        self.dw_reparam = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=self.pw_1x1_0.conv.conv.in_channels,
            out_channels=self.pw_1x1_0.conv.conv.in_channels, kernel_size=self.dw_3x3_0.conv.conv.kernel_size,
            stride=self.dw_3x3_0.conv.conv.stride, padding=self.dw_3x3_0.conv.conv.padding,
            groups=self.dw_3x3_0.conv.conv.in_channels, bias=True, )
        self.pw_reparam = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=self.pw_1x1_0.conv.conv.in_channels,
            out_channels=self.pw_1x1_0.conv.conv.out_channels, kernel_size=1, stride=1, bias=True)

        self.dw_reparam.weight.data = dw_kernel
        self.dw_reparam.bias.data = dw_bias
        self.pw_reparam.weight.data = pw_kernel
        self.pw_reparam.bias.data = pw_bias

        for para in self.parameters():
            para.detach_()
        self.__delattr__('dw_1x1')
        for k_idx in range(self.k):
            self.__delattr__(f'dw_3x3_{k_idx}')
            self.__delattr__(f'pw_1x1_{k_idx}')
        if hasattr(self, 'dw_bn_layer'):
            self.__delattr__('dw_bn_layer')
        if hasattr(self, 'pw_bn_layer'):
            self.__delattr__('pw_bn_layer')
        if hasattr(self, 'id_tensor'):
            self.__delattr__('id_tensor')
        self.deploy = True


class MobileOneNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, blocks, ks, channels, strides, width_muls, num_classes, deploy=False):
        super().__init__()

        self.stage_num = len(blocks)
        # self.stage0 = MobileOneBlock(3, int(channels[0] * width_muls[0]), ks[0], stride=strides[0], deploy=deploy)
        self.stage0 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(4, int(channels[0] * width_muls[0]), 3, 2, 1, bias=False),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(int(channels[0] * width_muls[0])), nn.ReLU(), )
        in_channels = int(channels[0] * width_muls[0])
        for idx, block_num in enumerate(blocks[1:]):
            idx += 1
            module = []
            out_channels = int(channels[idx] * width_muls[idx])
            for b_idx in range(block_num):
                stride = strides[idx] if b_idx == 0 else 1
                block = MobileOneBlock(in_channels, out_channels, ks[idx], stride, deploy=deploy)
                in_channels = out_channels
                module.append(block)
            setattr(self, f"stage{idx}", nn.Sequential(*module))

        self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)
        self.fc1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(out_channels, num_classes, ), )

    def forward(self, x):
        # for s_idx in range(self.stage_num):
        #     x = getattr(self, f'stage{s_idx}')(x)
        x0 = self.stage0(x)
        # print(x0[0,:,0,0])
        # return x0
        x1 = self.stage1(x0)
        x2 = self.stage2(x1)
        x3 = self.stage3(x2)
        x4 = self.stage4(x3)
        x5 = self.stage5(x4)
        x = self.avg_pool(x5)
        x = torch.flatten(x, start_dim=1)  # b, c
        x = self.fc1(x)
        return x


def make_mobileone_s0(num_classes,deploy=False):
    blocks = [1, 2, 8, 5, 5, 1]
    strides = [2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2]
    ks = [4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4] if deploy is False else [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
    width_muls = [0.75, 0.75, 1, 1, 1, 2]  # 261 M flops
    channels = [64, 64, 128, 256, 256, 512, 512]
    model = MobileOneNet(blocks, ks, channels, strides, width_muls, num_classes, deploy)
    return model


def repvgg_model_convert(model: torch.nn.Module, do_copy=True, input=None, output=None):
    if do_copy:
        model = copy.deepcopy(model)
    for module in model.modules():
        if hasattr(module, 'switch_to_deploy'):
            module.switch_to_deploy()
    print('swith done. Checking....')
    deploy_model = make_mobileone_s0(26,deploy=True)
    deploy_model.eval()
    deploy_model.load_state_dict(model.state_dict())
    if input is not None:
        o = deploy_model(x)
        # print(o)
        # print(output)
        print((output - o).sum())
    # if save_path is not None:
    #     torch.save(model.state_dict(), save_path)
    return deploy_model


if __name__ == '__main__':
    model = make_mobileone_s0(num_classes=4)#.cuda(0)
    model.eval()
    data = torch.rand(1, 4, 128, 128)#.cuda(0)
    for i in range(10):
        start = time.time()
        out = model(data)
        print('time', time.time() - start, out.size())

MobileOne(≈MobileNetV1+RepVGG+训练Trick)是由Apple公司提出的一种基于iPhone12优化的超轻量型架构，在ImageNet数据集上以<1ms的速度取得了75.9%的Top1精度。

为更好的分析高效率网络的瓶颈所在，作者以iPhone12平台为基准，从不同维度进行了"瓶颈"分析，见上图。从中可以看到：

• 具有高参数量的模型也可以拥有低延迟，比如ShuffleNetV2；

• 具有高FLOPs的模型也可以拥有低延迟，比如MobileNetV1和ShuffleNetV2；

上表从SRCC角度进行了分析，可以看到：

• 在移动端，延迟与FLOPs和参数量的相关性较弱；

• 在PC-CPU端，该相关性进一步弱化。

具体方案

基于上述洞察，作者从先两个主要效率"瓶颈"维度上进行了对比，然后对性能"瓶颈"进行了分析并提出相应方案。

• Activation Functions：上表对比了不同激活函数对于延迟的影响，可以看到：尽管具有相同的架构，但不同激活函数导致的延迟差异极大。本文默认选择ReLU激活函数。

• Architectural Block：上表对影响延迟的两个主要因素(访存消耗与计算并行度)进行了分析，见上表，可以看到：当采用单分支结构时，模型具有更快的速度。此外，为改善效率，作者在大模型配置方面有限的实用了SE模块。

基于上述分析，MobileOne的核心模块基于MobileNetV1而设计，同时吸收了重参数思想，得到上图所示的结构。注：这里的重参数机制还存在一个超参k用于控制重参数分支的数量(实验表明：对于小模型来说，该变种收益更大)。

在Model Scaling方面类似MobileNetV2，上表给出了MobileOne不同配置的参数信息。

在训练优化方面，小模型需要更少的正则，因此作者提出了Annealing的正则调整机制(可带来0.5%指标提升)；此外，作者还引入渐进式学习机制(可带来0.4%指标提升)；最后，作者还采用EMA机制，最终MobileOne-S2模型达到了77.4%的指标。

实验结果

上表给出了ImageNet数据集上不同轻量型方案的性能与效率对比，可以看到：

• 哪怕最轻量的Transformer也需要至少4ms，而MobileOne-S4仅需1.86ms即可达到79.4%的精度；

• 相比EfficientNet-B0，MobileOne-S3不仅具有指标高1%，同时具有更快的推理速度；

• 相比其他方案，在PC-CPU端，MobileOne仍具有非常明显的优势。

上表为MS-COCO检测、VOC分割以及ADE20K分割任务上的性能对比，很明显：

• 在MC-COCO任务上，MobileOne-S4比MNASNet指标高27.8%，比MobileViT高6.1%；

• 在VOC分割任务上，所提方案比MobileViT高1.3%，比MobileNetV2高5.8%；

• 在ADE20K任务上，所提最佳方案比MobileNetV2高12%，而MobileOne-S1仍比MobileNetV2高2.9%。

在文章最后，作者俏皮的提了一句："Although, our models are state-of-the art within the regime of efficient architectures, the accuracy lags large models ConvNeXt and Swin Transformer"。笔者想说的是：看上图。