残差网络(ResNet)
深度学习的问题:深度CNN网络达到一定深度后再一味地增加层数并不能带来进一步地分类性能提高,反而会招致网络收敛变得更慢,准确率也变得更差。
恒等映射:
左边:f(x)=x
右边:f(x)-x=0 (易于捕捉恒等映射的细微波动)
残差块的设计:
class Residual(nn.Module): # 本类已保存在d2lzh_pytorch包中方便以后使用
#可以设定输出通道数、是否使用额外的1x1卷积层来修改通道数以及卷积层的步幅。
def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, use_1x1conv=False, stride=1):
super(Residual, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=1, stride=stride)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
if use_1x1conv:
self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1, stride=stride)
else:
self.conv3 = None
self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
def forward(self, X):
Y = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(X)))
Y = self.bn2(self.conv2(Y))
if self.conv3:
X = self.conv3(X)
return F.relu(Y + X)