python提高书写效率

python实用技巧

python3

1.变量交换

a=1
b=2
a,b = b,a

2.字符串格式化

string1 = "sb"
string2 = "I"
num = 3
print("%s am a %d years old %s." % (string2,num,string1))

print("{} am a {} years old {}".format(string2,num,string1))
"""format函数会返回一个新字符串
可以用索引的方式"""
print("{2} am a {1} years old {0}".format(string2,num,string1))

"""f-string
大括号内可以是函数返回值"""
print(f"{string2} am a {num} years old {string1}")

3.yield语法

def fibonacci(n):
    a = 0
    b = 1
    for _ in range(n):
        yield a
        a, b = b, a + b

for i in fibonacci(10):
    print(i)
print(type(fibonacci(10)))
print(dir(fibonacci(10)))

4.列表解析式

print([x.upper() for x in ["a","b","c"]] if x.startswith("b"))

5.enumerate

a = ["a","b","c"]
for i, x in enumerate(a):
   print(i, x)

6.遍历

a = ["j","b","c"]
# 反转
print(reverse(a))
# 字典序
print(sorted(a))

7.字典合并

a = {"aa":"aaa", "bb":"bbb"}
b = {"bb":"bbb", "cc":"ccc"}

c = {**a, **b}

8.三元运算符

a = 111
k = "yes" if a>100 else "no"

9.序列解包

s = "1 2 3 4 5"
a, b, c, d, e = s.split()

10.with语句

with open() as f:
    print("shit")

11._ // %

_常表示上一个输出
//整除
%取余

12.逗号的用处

将数据转化为元组

>>> a=11
>>> b=(a)
>>> b
11
>>> b=(a,)
>>> b
(11,)

将输出压缩为一行

def func(*a):
    return a,   #加了逗号，输出为一行，若去掉逗号则输出为一列
l = func(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
for i in l:
    print(i)

13.r’str’

原样打印，不需要转义了

with open(r'a\b\c\d'):
	pass