ZYNQ 7020内核kernel源码解析

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Xilinx ZYNQ 7020 ARM 内核kernel源码解析

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还记得2018年的时候，kernel还是4.9.0 ，到了2022变成了5.15了，三年疫情过去了，我们的技术一直在精进。国产加油，中国加油。无论如何变，它还是LINUX内核，你要了解了，什么版本都一样，一通百通。你要是不懂这些知识，就等着主管K你吧，这是你应该受的。
上链接：https://gitcode.net/mirrors/xilinx/linux-xlnx
此文档，还是以4.9.0来讲解，大家可以下载到这个版本。还是那句话：你强就不用petalinux.

Kernel 顶层 Makefile
之前分析过 uboot 源码目录下的顶层 makefile 文件，uboot 的顶层 makefile 参考了了许多 linux 顶层 makefile 的代码，前面有很多代码思路基本差不多

一、版本号

VERSION = 4
PATCHLEVEL = 9
SUBLEVEL = 0
EXTRAVERSION =
NAME = Roaring Lionus

二、MAKEFLAGS 变量

MAKEFLAGS用来查找相对于内核 src 根目录的 make include 文件，他的值 始终自动的传递给子 make，我们可以在代码中看到 MAKEFLAGS：
MAKEFLAGS += -rR --include-dir=$(CURDIR)
MAKEFLAGS += --no-print-directory
Clear a bunch of variables before executing the submake

tools/: FORCE
$(Q)mkdir -p $(objtree)/tools
$(Q)$(MAKE) LDFLAGS= MAKEFLAGS=“$(filter--j$(MAKEFLAGS))” O=$(shell cd $(objtree) && /bin/pwd) subdir=tools -C $(src)/tools/
tools/%: FORCE
$(Q)mkdir -p $(objtree)/tools
$(Q)$(MAKE) LDFLAGS= MAKEFLAGS=“$(filter--j$(MAKEFLAGS))” O=$(shell cd $(objtree) && /bin/pwd) subdir=tools -C $(src)/tools/ $*

三、命令输出

Linux 编译的时候可以通过 “V=1” 来输出完整的命令，和 uboot 一样

Use ‘make V=1’ to see the full commands

ifeq (“$(origin V)”, “command line”)
KBUILD_VERBOSE = $(V)
endif
ifndef KBUILD_VERBOSE
KBUILD_VERBOSE = 0
endif

ifeq ($(KBUILD_VERBOSE),1)
quiet =
Q =
else
quiet=quiet_
Q = @
endif

If the user is running make -s (silent mode), suppress echoing of # commands

ifneq ($(filter4.$(MAKE_VERSION)),) # make-4
ifneq ($(filter$(firstword xKaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '#' at position 48: …endif else #̲ make-3.8x ifne…(filter s% -s%,$(MAKEFLAGS)),)
quiet=silent_
endif
endif
export quiet Q KBUILD_VERBOSE

V 为 1， quiet 和 Q 为空，输出完整命令，V 为 0 ，则 quiet=quiet_、Q = @，屏蔽掉完整命令

四、静默输出

编译的时候使用 “make -s” 就可实现静默编译，编译的时候就不会打印任何的信息：

If the user is running make -s (silent mode), suppress echoing of # commands

ifneq ($(filter4.$(MAKE_VERSION)),) # make-4
ifneq ($(filter$(firstword xKaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '#' at position 48: …endif else #̲ make-3.8x ifne…(filter s% -s%,$(MAKEFLAGS)),)
quiet=silent_
endif
endif
quiet 为 silent_ 时不会打印任何信息
后面还有一行
export quiet Q KBUILD_VERBOSE用来传递参数给子 make

五、编译结果输出目录

编译时使用 “O=xxx” 可将编译产生的过程文件输出到指定的目录中
ifeq ($(KBUILD_SRC),)

OK, Make called in directory where kernel src resides # Do we want to locate output files in a separate directory?

ifeq (“$(origin O)”, “command line”)
KBUILD_OUTPUT := $(O)
endif

That’s our default target when none is given on the command line

PHONY := _all
_all:

Cancel implicit rules on top Makefile

$(CURDIR)/Makefile Makefile: ;

代码判断 O 存在且来自命令行后就会将 O 的值赋值给 KBUILD_OUTPUT （编译输出目录），然后判断 KBUILD_OUTPUT 不为空的话，则创建该目录，并将所有的 make 结果设置为该目录
ifneq ($(KBUILD_OUTPUT),)

Invoke a second make in the output directory, passing relevant variables

check that the output directory actually exists

saved-output := $(KBUILD_OUTPUT)
KBUILD_OUTPUT := $(shell mkdir -p $(KBUILD_OUTPUT) && cd $(KBUILD_OUTPUT)
&& /bin/pwd)
$(if $(KBUILD_OUTPUT),
$(errorfailedtocreateoutputdirectory"$(saved-output)"))

PHONY += $(MAKECMDGOALS) sub-make

$(filter-out _all sub-make $(CURDIR)/Makefile, $(MAKECMDGOALS)) _all: sub-make
@:

sub-make:
$(Q)$(MAKE) -C $(KBUIL{D}_{O}UTPUT)KBUIL{D}_{S}RC=$(CURDIR)
-f $(CURDIR)/Makefile $(filter-ou{t}_{a}llsub-make,$(MAKECMDGOALS))

Leave processing to above invocation of make

skip-makefile := 1
endif # ifneq (KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '#' at position 25: …UTPUT),) endif #̲ ifeq ((KBUILD_SRC),)

六、代码检查

使用参数 “ C=1” 使能代码检查，检查那些需要重新编译的文件，“C=2”用于检查所有的源码文件
ifeq (“$(origin C)”, “command line”)
KBUILD_CHECKSRC = $©
endif
ifndef KBUILD_CHECKSRC
KBUILD_CHECKSRC = 0
endif

#lai add it//希望我的姓可以明扬天下。为中国1亿技术人加油。
first_a = $(CXX)
second_a = g++
ifeq (first_a, second_a)
PHONY += all
Else
代码逻辑和前面的相同

七、模块编译

Linux 允许单独编译某个模块，使用命令 “make M=dir” 或者旧语法 “make SUBDIRS=dir”，相关代码如下：
if SUBDIRS
KBUILD_EXTMOD ?= $(SUBDIRS)
endifdef

ifeq (“$(origin M)”, “command line”)
KBUILD_EXTMOD := $(M)endif代码对all和M两个指令都支持PHONY+=allifeq($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
_all: all
else
_all: modules
endif

根据 KBUILD_EXTMOD 决定编译部分还是全部模块，然后设置 srctree、objtree、VPATH 这三个变量并输出

ifeq (KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '#' at position 24: …SRC),) #̲ building in th…(KBUILD_SRC)/,$(dir $(CURDIR)))
# building in a subdirectory of the source tree
srctree := …
else
srctree := $(KBUILD_SRC)
endif
endif
objtree := .
src := $(srctree)
obj := $(objtree)

VPATH := $(srctree)$(if $(KBUIL{D}_{E}XTMOD),:$(KBUILD_EXTMOD))

八、设置目标架构和交叉编译器

Linux 编译要设置目标板架构 ARCH 和交叉编译器 CROSS_COMPILE

CROSS_COMPILE specify the prefix used for all executables used

during compilation. Only gcc and related bin-utils executables # are prefixed with $(CROSS_COMPILE). # CROSS_COMPILE can be set on the command line # make CROSS_COMPILE=ia64-linux- # Alternatively CROSS_COMPILE can be set in the environment. # A third alternative is to store a setting in .config so that plain # “make” in the configured kernel build directory always uses that. # Default value for CROSS_COMPILE is not to prefix executables # Note: Some architectures assign CROSS_COMPILE in their arch/*/Makefile

ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH)
CROSS_COMPILE ?= $(CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE:“%”=%)

编译时要把这两个参数传进去.
我们在实际操作中，一般会如下：
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- zynq _defconfig
make V=1 ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- -j8

九、调用构建文件

Linux 顶层 Makefile 也会调用文件 scripts/Kbuild.include，里面是一些辅助调用的代码：
scripts/Kbuild.include: ;
include scripts/Kbuild.include

十、交叉编译工具链设置

下面的代码是配置交叉编译工具的代码，比如 LD-链接器、gcc 编译器等等

Make variables (CC, etc…)

AS = $(CROSS_COMPILE)as
LD = $(CROSS_COMPILE)ld
CC = $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
CPP = $(CC) -E
AR = $(CROSS_COMPILE)ar
NM = $(CROSS_COMPILE)nm
STRIP = $(CROSS_COMPILE)strip
OBJCOPY = $(CROSS_COMPILE)objcopy
OBJDUMP = $(CROSS_COMPILE)objdump
AWK = awk
GENKSYMS = scripts/genksyms/genksyms
INSTALLKERNEL := installkernel
DEPMOD = /sbin/depmod
PERL = perl
PYTHON = python
CHECK = sparse

CHECKFLAGS := -D__linux__ -Dlinux -D__STDC__ -Dunix -D__unix__
-Wbitwise -Wno-return-void $(CF)
NOSTDINC_FLAGS =
CFLAGS_MODULE =
AFLAGS_MODULE =
LDFLAGS_MODULE =
CFLAGS_KERNEL =
AFLAGS_KERNEL =
LDFLAGS_vmlinux =
CFLAGS_GCOV = -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage -fno-tree-loop-im -Wno-maybe-uninitialized
CFLAGS_KCOV := $(call cc-option,-fsanitize-coverage=trace-pc,)

十一、头文件路径变量

顶层 Makefile 定义了两个变量 保存头文件路径：USERINCLUDE 和 LINUXINCLUDE

Use USERINCLUDE when you must reference the UAPI directories only.

USERINCLUDE :=
-I$(srctree)/arch/$(hdr-arch)/include/uapi
-I$(objtree)/arch/$(hdr-arch)/include/generated/uapi
-IKaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \ at position 24: …)/include/uapi \̲ ̲ -I(objtree)/include/generated/uapi
-include $(srctree)/include/linux/kconfig.h

Use LINUXINCLUDE when you must reference the include/ directory. # Needed to be compatible with the O= option

LINUXINCLUDE :=
-I$(srctree)/arch/$(hdr-arch)/include
-I$(srctree)/arch/$(hdr-arch)/mach-zynq
-I$(objtree)/arch/$(hdr-arch)/include/generated/uapi
-I$(objtree)/arch/$(hdr-arch)/include/generated
$(if $(KBUIL{D}_{S}RC),-I$(srctree)/include)
-I$(objtree)/include

LINUXINCLUDE += $(filter-out $(LINUXINCLUDE),$(USERINCLUDE))
在默认输入情况下，srctree=.，hdr-arch=arm，KBUILD_SRC 为空，带入后展开代码：
USERINCLUDE :=
-I./arch/arm/include/uapi
-Iarch/arm/include/generated/uapi
-I./include/uapi
-Iinclude/generated/uapi
-include ./include/linux/kconfig.h
LINUXINCLUDE :=
-I./arch/arm/include
-Iarch/arm/include/generated/uapi
-Iarch/arm/include/generated
-Iinclude
-I./arch/arm/include/uapi
-Iarch/arm/include/generated/uapi
-I./include/uapi
-Iinclude/generated/uapi
-include ./include/linux/kconfig.h

十二、导出变量

后面就是一堆导出变量，用于给子 make 使用

export VERSION PATCHLEVEL SUBLEVEL KERNELRELEASE KERNELVERSION
export ARCH SRCARCH CONFIG_SHELL HOSTCC HOSTCFLAGS CROSS_COMPILE AS LD CC
export CPP AR NM STRIP OBJCOPY OBJDUMP
export MAKE AWK GENKSYMS INSTALLKERNEL PERL PYTHON UTS_MACHINE
export HOSTCXX HOSTCXXFLAGS LDFLAGS_MODULE CHECK CHECKFLAGS

export KBUILD_CPPFLAGS NOSTDINC_FLAGS LINUXINCLUDE OBJCOPYFLAGS LDFLAGS
export KBUILD_CFLAGS CFLAGS_KERNEL CFLAGS_MODULE CFLAGS_GCOV CFLAGS_KCOV CFLAGS_KASAN CFLAGS_UBSAN
export KBUILD_AFLAGS AFLAGS_KERNEL AFLAGS_MODULE
export KBUILD_AFLAGS_MODULE KBUILD_CFLAGS_MODULE KBUILD_LDFLAGS_MODULE
export KBUILD_AFLAGS_KERNEL KBUILD_CFLAGS_KERNEL
export KBUILD_ARFLAGS

When compiling out-of-tree modules, put MODVERDIR in the module # tree rather than in the kernel tree. The kernel tree might # even be read-only.

export MODVERDIR := $(if $(KBUIL{D}_{E}XTMOD),$(firstword $(KBUILD_EXTMOD))/).tmp_versions

Files to ignore in find … statements

export RCS_FIND_IGNORE := ( -name SCCS -o -name BitKeeper -o -name .svn -o
-name CVS -o -name .pc -o -name .hg -o -name .git )
-prune -o
export RCS_TAR_IGNORE := --exclude SCCS --exclude BitKeeper --exclude .svn
–exclude CVS --exclude .pc --exclude .hg --exclude .git
(未完，待更新)