《从零开始搭建游戏服务器》Netty导入创建一个Socket服务器

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-08 13:13:34 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-08 13:13:34 发布

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http://blog.csdn.net/linshuhe1/article/details/53671820

对于普通Web应用后端的开发，常常会借助一些成熟的框架，例如SpringMVC，游戏的服务器区别于此的特点是：游戏服务器需要有比较大的吞吐量，而且通常为Socket长连接，所以需要一个分布式架构。当前比较流行的网络通信框架都为NIO（非阻塞网络通信）框架，比较有代表性的有：Netty和Mina。

一、优势对比：

Netty是由JBoss提供的Java开发框架，适用于开发高性能、高稳定性的客户端或者服务端网络通信框架，相较于Mina有如下几点优点：

1.支持多种编解码方式，当然也包括当前游戏开发中应用最广的Google提供的Protobuff编解码方式；

2.典型的NIO架构，非阻塞异步的事件驱动网络通信架构，吞吐量高，支持高并发；

二、资源下载：

1.netty-all-4.0.42.Final.jar：在Netty官网下载所需版本的jar包，不同版本的Netty差别比较大，我选择的是Netty4.0.42 Final版本。

2.Log4j或common-logging：这是用于打印和记录日志的工具，非常实用，详细的使用方法可以参考：最详细的Log4j使用教程，当然也有更简单方便的一个工具：common-logging，使用方法参考： Apache Commons-logging使用实例。

三、Socket服务：

1.新建一个Java工程，步骤：File —— new —— Java Project；

2.资源导入：

解压上面下载的Netty4.0.42压缩包，将netty-4.0.42.Final\jar\all-in-one目录下面的netty-all-4.0.42.Final.jar和commons-logging-1.2中的commons-logging-1.2.jar一起复制到eclipse中项目的libs目录下面（没有这个目录的话可以自行创建，专门用于存放外部导入的jar包）：

3.编写服务代码：

在src目录下新建一个包名com.tw.login.server，然后新建两个类：

LoginSocketServer.java：用于管理Socket，例如：ip端口绑定，Socket启动和关闭等；

SocketServerHandler.java：Socket数据接收监听和解析中心；

大致过程就是我们在LoginSocketServer中启动一个ServerBootsrap服务器，并且绑定线程组，并且绑定用来监听数据的继承自SocketChannel的自定义监听器类，在其中设置网络传输数据的编码方式，然后设置连接到此服务器需要访问的IP和端口。

关于传输数据协议，这里我们先以最简单的字符串为例，以("\n")为结尾分割的解码器作为数据协议格式，关于更复杂的数据类型协议在后面的篇章会继续设计。

LoginSocketServer源码：

[java] view plain copy print ?

public class LoginSocketServer {
private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(LoginSocketServer.class);
private static final String IP = "127.0.0.1";
private static final int PORT = 8088;
//分配用于处理业务的线程组数量
protected static final int BisGroupSize = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()*2;
//每个线程组中线程的数量
protected static final int worGroupSize = 4;
private static final EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(BisGroupSize);
private static final EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(worGroupSize);
protected static void run() throws Exception {
ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup);
bootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
// 以("\n")为结尾分割的解码器
pipeline.addLast("framer", new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(8192, Delimiters.lineDelimiter()));
pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
pipeline.addLast(new SocketServerHandler());
}
});
bootstrap.bind(IP,PORT).sync();
logger.info("Socket服务器已启动完成");
}
protected static void shutdown() {
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
logger.info("开始启动Socket服务器...");
run();
}
}

public class LoginSocketServer {
	private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(LoginSocketServer.class);
	private static final String IP = "127.0.0.1";
	private static final int PORT = 8088;
	
	//分配用于处理业务的线程组数量
	protected static final int BisGroupSize = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()*2;
	//每个线程组中线程的数量
	protected static final int worGroupSize = 4;
	
	private static final EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(BisGroupSize);
	private static final EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(worGroupSize);
	
	protected static void  run() throws Exception {
		ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
		bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup);
		bootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
		bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
			@Override
			protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
				ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
				// 以("\n")为结尾分割的 解码器
				pipeline.addLast("framer", new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(8192, Delimiters.lineDelimiter()));
		        pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
		        pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
				pipeline.addLast(new SocketServerHandler());
			}
		});
		bootstrap.bind(IP,PORT).sync();
		logger.info("Socket服务器已启动完成");
	}
	
	protected static void shutdown() {
		bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
		workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
	}
	
	public static void  main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		logger.info("开始启动Socket服务器...");
		run();
	}
	
}

SocketServerHandler源码：

[java] view plain copy print ?

public class SocketServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> {
private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(LoginSocketServer.class);
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext arg0, Throwable arg1) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext arg0, Object msg) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
logger.info("数据内容：data="+data);
}
}

public class SocketServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> {
	private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(LoginSocketServer.class);

	@Override
	public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext arg0, Throwable arg1) throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
	}

	@Override
	public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext arg0, Object msg) throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
        logger.info("数据内容：data="+data);
	}
}

为了测试还需要创建一个客户端，其实创建过程很简单：直接复制一份上述服务器的代码，稍作修改即可：
LoginSocketClient源码：

[java] view plain copy print ?

private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(LoginSocketClient.class);
private static final String IP = "127.0.0.1";
private static final int PORT = 8088;
private static final EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
protected static void run() throws Exception {
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.group(group);
bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
/*
* 这个地方的必须和服务端对应上。否则无法正常解码和编码
*
* 解码和编码我将会在下一张为大家详细的讲解。再次暂时不做详细的描述
*
* */
pipeline.addLast("framer", new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(8192, Delimiters.lineDelimiter()));
pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
pipeline.addLast(new SocketClientHandler());
}
});
// 连接服务端
Channel ch = bootstrap.connect(IP,PORT).sync().channel();
ch.writeAndFlush("客户端数据"+"\r\n");
logger.info("向Socket服务器发送数据:"+"客户端数据"+"\r\n");
}
public static void main(String[] args){
logger.info("开始连接Socket服务器...");
try {
run();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}

private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(LoginSocketClient.class);
	private static final String IP = "127.0.0.1";
	private static final int PORT = 8088;
	
	private static final EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
	
	@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
	protected static void  run() throws Exception {
		Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
		bootstrap.group(group);
		bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
		bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer() {
			@Override
			protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
				/*
		         * 这个地方的 必须和服务端对应上。否则无法正常解码和编码
		         * 
		         * 解码和编码 我将会在下一张为大家详细的讲解。再次暂时不做详细的描述
		         * 
		         * */
		        pipeline.addLast("framer", new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(8192, Delimiters.lineDelimiter()));
		        pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
		        pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
				pipeline.addLast(new SocketClientHandler());
			}
		});
		
		// 连接服务端
        Channel ch = bootstrap.connect(IP,PORT).sync().channel();
        
        
        ch.writeAndFlush("客户端数据"+"\r\n");
		
		logger.info("向Socket服务器发送数据:"+"客户端数据"+"\r\n");
	}
	
	public static void  main(String[] args){
		logger.info("开始连接Socket服务器...");
		try {
			run();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			group.shutdownGracefully();
		}
	}

SocketClientHandler源码：

[java] view plain copy print ?

public class SocketClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> {
private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(LoginSocketClient.class);
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext arg0, Throwable arg1) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext arg0, Object msg) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String data = msg.toString();
logger.info("数据内容：data="+data);
}
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext arg0, String data) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
logger.info("数据内容：data="+data);
}
}

public class SocketClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> {
	private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(LoginSocketClient.class);

	@Override
	public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext arg0, Throwable arg1) throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}

	@Override
	public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext arg0, Object msg) throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		String data = msg.toString();
		logger.info("数据内容：data="+data);
	}

	@Override
	protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext arg0, String data) throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		logger.info("数据内容：data="+data);
	}
}

4.运行：

运行方式其实很简单，直接在Eclipse中选中项目根目录，右键——Run As——Java Application，注意要先运行服务端工程再运行客户端工程，运行结果如下：

服务端Console结果：