Harmonics Analysis of PWM by Double Fourier Seriers
1、Double Fourier Seriers(DFS)
- 谐波分量表达方法
f ( t ) = A 00 2 + ∑ n = 1 ∞ ( A 0 n c o s n y + B 0 n s i n n y ) + ∑ m = 1 ∞ ( A m 0 c o s m x + B m 0 s i n m x ) + ∑ m = 1 ∞ ∑ n = − ∞ n ≠ 0 ∞ [ A m n c o s ( m x + n y ) + B m n s i n ( m x + n y ) ] f(t) = \frac{A_{00}}{2} + \sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty} (A_{0n}cosny+B_{0n}sinny) + \sum\limits_{m=1}^\infty (A_{m0}cosmx+B_{m0}sinmx) + \sum\limits_{m=1}^\infty\sum\limits_{n=-\infty n\neq0}^\infty[A_{mn}cos(mx+ny)+B_{mn}sin(mx+ny)] f(t)=2A00+n=1∑∞(A0ncosny+B0nsinny)+m=1∑∞(Am0cosmx+Bm0sinmx)+m=1∑∞n=−∞n=0∑∞[Amncos(mx+ny)+Bmnsin(mx+ny)]
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A_{mn} = \frac{1}{2\pi^2}\int\limits_{-\pi}^\pi\int\limits_{-\pi}^\pi f(x,y)cos(mx+ny)dxdy
Amn=2π21−π∫π−π∫πf(x,y)cos(mx+ny)dxdy
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B_{mn} = \frac{1}{2\pi^2}\int\limits_{-\pi}^\pi\int\limits_{-\pi}^\pi f(x,y)sin(mx+ny)dxdy
Bmn=2π21−π∫π−π∫πf(x,y)sin(mx+ny)dxdy
- 复数表达方法
C m n = A m n + j B m n = 1 2 π 2 ∫ − π π ∫ − π π f ( x , y ) e j ( m x + n y ) d x d y C_{mn} = A_{mn}+jB_{mn} = \frac{1}{2\pi^2}\int\limits_{-\pi}^\pi\int\limits_{-\pi}^\pi f(x,y)e^{j(mx+ny)}dxdy Cmn=Amn+jBmn=2π21−π∫π−π∫πf(x,y)ej(mx+ny)dxdy
- 贝塞尔函数积分
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e^{\pm j\xi cos\theta} = J_0(\xi) + 2\sum\limits_{k=1}^\infty j^{\pm k}J_k(\xi)cosk\theta \qquad \qquad (Jacobi-Anger \quad Expansion)
e±jξcosθ=J0(ξ)+2k=1∑∞j±kJk(ξ)coskθ(Jacobi−AngerExpansion)
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\int_0^{2\pi}e^{\pm j\xi cos\theta}cosn\theta d\theta = \underbrace{\int_0^{2\pi}J_0(\xi)cosn\theta d\theta}_{P1} + \underbrace{2\int_0^{2\pi}\sum\limits_{k=1}^\infty j^{\pm k}J_k(\xi)cosk\theta cos n\theta d\theta}_{P2} \\ \qquad \\ \xlongequal[当n\neq k时,P2 = 0]{当n\neq0时,P1=0} 2\pi j^{\pm n}J_n(\xi) \overset{n=0}\Longrightarrow \int_0^{2\pi}e^{\pm j\xi cos\theta}d\theta = \color{red}2\pi J_0(\xi) \qquad (1)
∫02πe±jξcosθcosnθdθ=P1
∫02πJ0(ξ)cosnθdθ+P2
2∫02πk=1∑∞j±kJk(ξ)coskθcosnθdθ当n=0时,P1=0当n=k时,P2=02πj±nJn(ξ)⟹n=0∫02πe±jξcosθdθ=2πJ0(ξ)(1)
2、PWM调制方式分析
2.1锯齿波
F i g . 1 单 边 调 制 P W M 波 形 传 统 表 达 \qquad \qquad Fig.1 \quad 单边调制PWM波形传统表达 Fig.1单边调制PWM波形传统表达
- 在一个载波周期内,锯齿波表达式: f ( θ ) = θ π − 1 f(\theta) = \frac{\theta}{\pi}-1 f(θ)=πθ−1
- 在一个调制波周期内,调制波表达式: f ( ϕ ) = c o s ( ϕ ) f(\phi) = cos(\phi) f(ϕ)=cos(ϕ)
- Ω ( ϕ ) \Omega(\phi) Ω(ϕ)表示在一个载波周期内的占空比
- 假设高电平为 V D C V_{DC} VDC
在一个周期内,占空比 Ω ( ϕ ) \Omega(\phi) Ω(ϕ)可以表达为:
Ω ( ϕ ) π − 1 = c o s ( ϕ ) ⇒ Ω ( ϕ ) = π [ 1 + c o s ( ϕ ) ] \frac{\Omega(\phi)}{\pi}-1 = cos(\phi) \Rightarrow \Omega(\phi) = \pi[1+cos(\phi)] πΩ(ϕ)−1=cos(ϕ)⇒Ω(ϕ)=π[1+cos(ϕ)]
则,相电压表达式为:
V ( θ , ϕ ) = { V D C 0 ≤ θ ≤ Ω ( ϕ ) 0 Ω ( ϕ ) < θ ≤ 2 π \begin{aligned} V(\theta,\phi)=\left\{ \begin{array}{lcl} V_{DC} & & {0 \leq \theta\leq\Omega(\phi)}\\ 0 & & {\Omega(\phi) < \theta\leq 2\pi} \end{array} \right. \end{aligned} V(θ,ϕ)={VDC00≤θ≤Ω(ϕ)Ω(ϕ)<θ≤2π
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\qquad \qquad Fig.2 \quad 单边调制PWM (a)3D模型;(b)2D模型
Fig.2单边调制PWM(a)3D模型;(b)2D模型
2.2 三角波
(待补充)
3、DFS分析PWM谐波
3.1、单边调制谐波解析
根据双重傅里叶变换的复数表达式可以得到:
- 直流分量
C 00 = 1 2 π 2 ∫ 0 2 π ∫ 0 2 π V ( θ , ϕ ) e j ( m θ + n ϕ ) d θ d ϕ = 1 2 π 2 ∫ 0 2 π ∫ 0 2 π V ( θ , ϕ ) d θ d ϕ = 1 2 π 2 ∫ 0 2 π ∫ 0 Ω ( ϕ ) V D C d θ d ϕ = 1 2 π 2 ∫ 0 2 π ∫ 0 π [ 1 + c o s ( ϕ ) ] V D C d θ d ϕ = V D C 2 π 2 ∫ 0 2 π π [ 1 + c o s ( ϕ ) ] d ϕ = V D C ( 2 ) C_{00} = \frac{1}{2\pi^2}\int_0^{2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi}V(\theta,\phi)e^{j(m\theta+n\phi)}d\theta d\phi \\ \qquad \\ \qquad= \frac{1}{2\pi^2}\int_0^{2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi}V(\theta,\phi)d\theta d\phi \\ \qquad\\ \qquad =\frac{1}{2\pi^2}\int_0^{2\pi}\int_0^{\Omega(\phi)}V_{DC}d\theta d\phi= \frac{1}{2\pi^2}\int_0^{2\pi}\int_0^{ \pi[1+cos(\phi)]}V_{DC}d\theta d\phi \\ \qquad \\ \qquad =\frac{V_{DC}}{2\pi^2}\int_0^{2\pi} \pi[1+cos(\phi)]d\phi = \color{red}{}V_{DC} \qquad (2) C00=2π21∫02π∫02πV(θ,ϕ)ej(mθ+nϕ)dθdϕ=2π21∫02π∫02πV(θ,ϕ)dθdϕ=2π21∫02π∫0Ω(ϕ)VDCdθdϕ=2π21∫02π∫0π[1+cos(ϕ)]VDCdθdϕ=2π2VDC∫02ππ[1+cos(ϕ)]dϕ=VDC(2)
- 调制波谐波解析
C 0 n = 1 2 π 2 ∫ 0 2 π ∫ 0 Ω ( ϕ ) V D C e j n ϕ d θ d ϕ = V D C 2 π 2 ∫ 0 2 π π [ 1 + c o s ( ϕ ) ] e j n ϕ d ϕ = V D C 2 π [ ∫ 0 2 π e j n ϕ d ϕ + ∫ 0 2 π c o s ( ϕ ) e j n ϕ d ϕ ] = V D C 2 π { 1 j n e j n ϕ ∣ 0 2 π ⏟ P 1 + ∫ 0 2 π c o s ϕ ( c o s n ϕ + j s i n n ϕ ) d ϕ ⏟ P 2 } C_{0n} = \frac{1}{2\pi^2}\int_0^{2\pi}\int_0^{\Omega(\phi)}V_{DC}e^{jn\phi}d\theta d\phi = \frac{V_{DC}}{2\pi^2}\int_0^{2\pi}\pi[1+cos(\phi)]e^{jn\phi}d\phi \\ \qquad \\ \qquad =\frac{V_{DC}}{2\pi}[\int_0^{2\pi}e^{jn\phi}d\phi + \int_0^{2\pi}cos(\phi)e^{jn\phi}d\phi] \\ \qquad \\ \qquad = \frac{V_{DC}}{2\pi}\{\underbrace{\frac{1}{jn}e^{jn\phi}\bigg|_0^{2\pi}}_{P1} +\underbrace{\int_0^{2\pi}cos\phi(cosn\phi+jsin n\phi)d\phi}_{P2}\} C0n=2π21∫02π∫0Ω(ϕ)VDCejnϕdθdϕ=2π2VDC∫02ππ[1+cos(ϕ)]ejnϕdϕ=2πVDC[∫02πejnϕdϕ+∫02πcos(ϕ)ejnϕdϕ]=2πVDC{P1 jn1ejnϕ∣∣∣∣02π+P2 ∫02πcosϕ(cosnϕ+jsinnϕ)dϕ}
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C 01 = V D C 2 π ∫ 0 2 π c o s ϕ ( c o s ϕ + j s i n ϕ ) d ϕ = V D C 2 π ( ∫ 0 2 π c o s ϕ c o s ϕ d ϕ + ∫ 0 2 π j c o s ϕ s i n ϕ d ϕ ) = V D C 2 π ( ∫ 0 2 π 1 + c o s ( 2 ϕ ) 2 d ϕ + ∫ 0 2 π j s i n ( 2 ϕ ) 4 d 2 ϕ ) = V D C 2 π π = V D C 2 ( 3 ) C_{01} = \frac{V_{DC}}{2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi}cos\phi(cos\phi+jsin \phi)d\phi \\ \qquad \\ \qquad = \frac{V_{DC}}{2\pi}(\int_0^{2\pi}cos\phi cos\phi d\phi + \int_0^{2\pi}jcos\phi sin\phi d\phi) \\ \qquad \\ \qquad = \frac{V_{DC}}{2\pi}(\int_0^{2\pi}\frac{1+cos(2\phi)}{2}d\phi + \int_0^{2\pi}j\frac{sin(2\phi)}{4} d2\phi) \\ \qquad \\ \qquad = \frac{V_{DC}}{2\pi}\pi = \color{red}\frac{V_{DC}}{2} \qquad (3) C01=2πVDC∫02πcosϕ(cosϕ+jsinϕ)dϕ=2πVDC(∫02πcosϕcosϕdϕ+∫02πjcosϕsinϕdϕ)=2πVDC(∫02π21+cos(2ϕ)dϕ+∫02πj4sin(2ϕ)d2ϕ)=2πVDCπ=2VDC(3)
- 载波谐波解析
C m 0 = 1 2 π 2 ∫ 0 2 π ∫ 0 Ω ( ϕ ) V D C e j m θ d θ d ϕ = V D C 2 π 2 ∫ 0 2 π ∫ 0 Ω ( ϕ ) e j m θ d θ d ϕ = V D C 2 π 2 ∫ 0 2 π 1 j m e j m θ ∣ 0 π ( 1 + c o s ϕ ) d ϕ = V D C 2 j m π 2 ∫ 0 2 π ( e j m π ( 1 + c o s ϕ ) − 1 ) d ϕ = V D C 2 j m π 2 ( ∫ 0 2 π e j m π e j m π c o s ϕ d ϕ − ∫ 0 2 π d ϕ ) = V D C 2 j m π 2 [ ( − 1 ) m ∫ 0 2 π e j m π c o s ϕ d ϕ ⏟ R e f e r t o E q . ( 1 ) − 2 π ] = V D C 2 j m π 2 [ ( − 1 ) m 2 π J 0 ( m π ) − 2 π ] = V D C j m π [ ( − 1 ) m J 0 ( m π ) − 1 ] = j V D C m π [ 1 − ( − 1 ) m J 0 ( m π ) ] ( 4 ) C_{m0} = \frac{1}{2\pi^2}\int_0^{2\pi}\int_0^{\Omega(\phi)}V_{DC}e^{jm\theta}d\theta d\phi = \frac{V_{DC}}{2\pi^2}\int_0^{2\pi}\int_0^{\Omega(\phi)}e^{jm\theta}d\theta d\phi \\ \qquad \\ \qquad = \frac{V_{DC}}{2\pi^2}\int_0^{2\pi}\frac{1}{jm}e^{jm\theta}\bigg|_0^{\pi(1+cos\phi)} d\phi = \frac{V_{DC}}{2jm\pi^2}\int_0^{2\pi}(e^{jm\pi(1+cos\phi)}-1)d\phi \\ \qquad \\ \qquad = \frac{V_{DC}}{2jm\pi^2}(\int_0^{2\pi}e^{jm\pi}e^{jm\pi cos\phi}d\phi-\int_0^{2\pi}d\phi) \\ \qquad \\ \qquad = \frac{V_{DC}}{2jm\pi^2}[(-1)^m\underbrace{\int_0^{2\pi}e^{jm\pi cos\phi}d\phi}_{Refer \ to \ Eq.(1)}-2\pi] \\ \qquad \\ \qquad = \frac{V_{DC}}{2jm\pi^2}[(-1)^m2\pi J_0(m\pi)-2\pi] = \frac{V_{DC}}{jm\pi}[(-1)^mJ_0(m\pi)-1] \\ \qquad \\ \qquad = \color{red}{}j\frac{V_{DC}}{m\pi}[1-(-1)^mJ_0(m\pi)] \qquad (4) Cm0=2π21∫02π∫0Ω(ϕ)VDCejmθdθdϕ=2π2VDC∫02π∫0Ω(ϕ)ejmθdθdϕ=2π2VDC∫02πjm1ejmθ∣∣∣∣0π(1+cosϕ)dϕ=2jmπ2VDC∫02π(ejmπ(1+cosϕ)−1)dϕ=2jmπ2VDC(∫02πejmπejmπcosϕdϕ−∫02πdϕ)=2jmπ2VDC[(−1)mRefer to Eq.(1) ∫02πejmπcosϕdϕ−2π]=2jmπ2VDC[(−1)m2πJ0(mπ)−2π]=jmπVDC[(−1)mJ0(mπ)−1]=jmπVDC[1−(−1)mJ0(mπ)](4)
- 边带谐波解析
C m n = 1 2 π 2 ∫ 0 2 π ∫ 0 2 π V D C e j ( m θ + n ϕ ) d θ d ϕ = V D C 2 π 2 ∫ 0 2 π ∫ 0 Ω ( ϕ ) e j ( m θ + n ϕ ) d θ d ϕ = V D C 2 j m π 2 ∫ 0 2 π e j n ϕ e j m θ ∣ 0 π ( 1 + c o s ϕ ) d ϕ = V D C 2 j m π 2 ∫ 0 2 π e j n ϕ ( e j m π ( 1 + c o s ϕ ) − 1 ) d ϕ = V D C 2 j m π 2 ( ∫ 0 2 π e j n ϕ e j m π ( 1 + c o s ϕ ) d ϕ − ∫ 0 2 π e j n ϕ d ϕ ) = V D C 2 j m π 2 [ ( − 1 ) m ∫ 0 2 π e j n ϕ e j m π c o s ϕ d ϕ ] = V D C 2 j m π 2 ( − 1 ) m ( ∫ 0 2 π e j m π c o s ϕ c o s n ϕ d ϕ ⏟ P 1 + j ∫ 0 2 π e j m π c o s ϕ s i n n ϕ d ϕ ) ⏟ P 2 = P 2 = 0 P 1 = 2 π j n J n ( m π ) V D C m π ( − 1 ) m + 1 j n + 1 J n ( m π ) = e j π 2 ( n + 1 ) = − s i n n π 2 + j c o s n π 2 j n + 1 = ( e j π ) n + 1 = e j π 2 ( n + 1 ) ( − 1 ) m V D C m π J n ( m π ) ( s i n n π 2 − j c o s n π 2 ) ( 5 ) C_{mn} = \frac{1}{2\pi^2}\int_0^{2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi} V_{DC}e^{j(m\theta+n\phi)}d\theta d\phi = \frac{V_{DC}}{2\pi^2}\int_0^{2\pi}\int_0^{\Omega(\phi)}e^{j(m\theta+n\phi)}d\theta d\phi \\ \qquad \\ \qquad = \frac{V_{DC}}{2jm\pi^2}\int_0^{2\pi}e^{jn\phi}e^{jm\theta}\bigg|_0^{\pi(1+cos\phi)} d\phi = \frac{V_{DC}}{2jm\pi^2}\int_0^{2\pi}e^{jn\phi}(e^{jm\pi(1+cos\phi)}-1) d\phi \\ \qquad \\ \qquad = \frac{V_{DC}}{2jm\pi^2}(\int_0^{2\pi}e^{jn\phi}e^{jm\pi(1+cos\phi)}d\phi - \int_0^{2\pi}e^{jn\phi}d\phi) \\ \qquad \\ \qquad = \frac{V_{DC}}{2jm\pi^2}[(-1)^m\int_0^{2\pi}e^{jn\phi}e^{jm\pi cos\phi}d\phi] \\ \qquad \\ \qquad = \frac{V_{DC}}{2jm\pi^2}(-1)^m\underbrace{(\int_0^{2\pi}e^{jm\pi cos\phi}cosn\phi d\phi}_{P1} + j \underbrace{\int_0^{2\pi}e^{jm\pi cos\phi}sinn\phi d\phi)}_{P2} \\ \qquad \\ \qquad \xlongequal[P2=0]{P1= 2\pi j^nJ_n(m\pi)} \frac{V_{DC}}{m\pi}(-1)^{m+1} j^{n+1}J_n(m\pi) \\ \qquad \\ \qquad \xlongequal[e^{j\frac{\pi}{2}(n+1)} = -sin\frac{n\pi}{2}+jcos\frac{n\pi}{2}]{j^{n+1} = (\sqrt{e^{j\pi}})^{n+1} = e^{j\frac{\pi}{2}(n+1)}} \color{red}{} (-1)^m\frac{V_{DC}}{m\pi}J_n(m\pi)(sin\frac{n\pi}{2}-jcos\frac{n\pi}{2}) \qquad (5) Cmn=2π21∫02π∫02πVDCej(mθ+nϕ)dθdϕ=2π2VDC∫02π∫0Ω(ϕ)ej(mθ+nϕ)dθdϕ=2jmπ2VDC∫02πejnϕejmθ∣∣∣∣0π(1+cosϕ)dϕ=2jmπ2VDC∫02πejnϕ(ejmπ(1+cosϕ)−1)dϕ=2jmπ2VDC(∫02πejnϕejmπ(1+cosϕ)dϕ−∫02πejnϕdϕ)=2jmπ2VDC[(−1)m∫02πejnϕejmπcosϕdϕ]=2jmπ2VDC(−1)mP1 (∫02πejmπcosϕcosnϕdϕ+jP2 ∫02πejmπcosϕsinnϕdϕ)P1=2πjnJn(mπ)P2=0mπVDC(−1)m+1jn+1Jn(mπ)jn+1=(ejπ)n+1=ej2π(n+1)ej2π(n+1)=−sin2nπ+jcos2nπ(−1)mmπVDCJn(mπ)(sin2nπ−jcos2nπ)(5)
3.2 单边调制谐波绘制
\quad 基于上述的推导可以得到单边调制不同成分的解析解, E q . ( 2 ) Eq.(2) Eq.(2)为直流分量, E q . ( 3 ) Eq.(3) Eq.(3)为调制信号分量; E q . ( 4 ) Eq.(4) Eq.(4)为载波谐波分量; E q . ( 5 ) Eq.(5) Eq.(5)为调制波与载波共同作用的谐波分量,下面通过 m a t l a b matlab matlab绘制上述的图形。
- 绘制bessel函数图形(利用 m a t l a b matlab matlab函数 b e s s e l j ( n u , z ) besselj(nu,z) besselj(nu,z))
F i g . 3 第 一 类 贝 塞 尔 函 数 \qquad \qquad Fig.3 \quad 第一类贝塞尔函数 Fig.3第一类贝塞尔函数
- 载波谐波分量绘制
- 边带谐波分量绘制