阈值化

  阈值可以被视作最简单的图像分割方法属于像素级分割。设定阈值后图像中每个像素预期比较选择保留或剔除，从而达到所需要的部分图像。

  阈值是对灰度图像进行操作得到的二值图像（二值图像中所有的像素只能从0和1这两个值中取）

阈值函数有两种：

1、固定阈值：Threshold（）函数

double cv::threshold( InputArray _src, OutputArray _dst, double thresh, double maxval, int type )

第一个参数：输入图像数组

第二个参数：输出图像数组

第三个参数：设定阈值

第四个参数：设定的最大值

第五个参数：设置取阈值的方法

double cv::threshold( InputArray _src, OutputArray _dst, double thresh, double maxval, int type )
{
    CV_OCL_RUN_(_src.dims() <= 2 && _dst.isUMat(),
                ocl_threshold(_src, _dst, thresh, maxval, type), thresh)

    Mat src = _src.getMat();
    int automatic_thresh = (type & ~CV_THRESH_MASK);
    type &= THRESH_MASK;

    CV_Assert( automatic_thresh != (CV_THRESH_OTSU | CV_THRESH_TRIANGLE) );
    if( automatic_thresh == CV_THRESH_OTSU )
    {
        CV_Assert( src.type() == CV_8UC1 );
        thresh = getThreshVal_Otsu_8u( src );
    }
    else if( automatic_thresh == CV_THRESH_TRIANGLE )
    {
        CV_Assert( src.type() == CV_8UC1 );
        thresh = getThreshVal_Triangle_8u( src );
    }

    _dst.create( src.size(), src.type() );
    Mat dst = _dst.getMat();

    if( src.depth() == CV_8U )
    {
        int ithresh = cvFloor(thresh);
        thresh = ithresh;
        int imaxval = cvRound(maxval);
        if( type == THRESH_TRUNC )
            imaxval = ithresh;
        imaxval = saturate_cast<uchar>(imaxval);

        if( ithresh < 0 || ithresh >= 255 )
        {
            if( type == THRESH_BINARY || type == THRESH_BINARY_INV ||
                ((type == THRESH_TRUNC || type == THRESH_TOZERO_INV) && ithresh < 0) ||
                (type == THRESH_TOZERO && ithresh >= 255) )
            {
                int v = type == THRESH_BINARY ? (ithresh >= 255 ? 0 : imaxval) :
                        type == THRESH_BINARY_INV ? (ithresh >= 255 ? imaxval : 0) :
                        /*type == THRESH_TRUNC ? imaxval :*/ 0;
                dst.setTo(v);
            }
            else
                src.copyTo(dst);
            return thresh;
        }
        thresh = ithresh;
        maxval = imaxval;
    }
    else if( src.depth() == CV_16S )
    {
        int ithresh = cvFloor(thresh);
        thresh = ithresh;
        int imaxval = cvRound(maxval);
        if( type == THRESH_TRUNC )
            imaxval = ithresh;
        imaxval = saturate_cast<short>(imaxval);

        if( ithresh < SHRT_MIN || ithresh >= SHRT_MAX )
        {
            if( type == THRESH_BINARY || type == THRESH_BINARY_INV ||
               ((type == THRESH_TRUNC || type == THRESH_TOZERO_INV) && ithresh < SHRT_MIN) ||
               (type == THRESH_TOZERO && ithresh >= SHRT_MAX) )
            {
                int v = type == THRESH_BINARY ? (ithresh >= SHRT_MAX ? 0 : imaxval) :
                type == THRESH_BINARY_INV ? (ithresh >= SHRT_MAX ? imaxval : 0) :
                /*type == THRESH_TRUNC ? imaxval :*/ 0;
                dst.setTo(v);
            }
            else
                src.copyTo(dst);
            return thresh;
        }
        thresh = ithresh;
        maxval = imaxval;
    }
    else if( src.depth() == CV_32F )
        ;
    else
        CV_Error( CV_StsUnsupportedFormat, "" );

    parallel_for_(Range(0, dst.rows),
                  ThresholdRunner(src, dst, thresh, maxval, type),
                  dst.total()/(double)(1<<16));
    return thresh;
}

2、自适应阈值：adaptiveThreshold（）函数

void cv::adaptiveThreshold( InputArray _src, OutputArray _dst, double maxValue,
                             int method, int type, int blockSize, double delta )



第一个参数：输入图像数组
第二个参数：输出图像数组
第三个参数：设定的最大值
第四个参数：算法


第五个参数：阈值类型 THRESH_BINARY,THRESH_BINARY_INV
第六个参数：一个像素的领域尺寸


第七个参数：减去平均或加权平均值后的平均值



void cv::adaptiveThreshold( InputArray _src, OutputArray _dst, double maxValue,
                            int method, int type, int blockSize, double delta )
{
    Mat src = _src.getMat();
    CV_Assert( src.type() == CV_8UC1 );
    CV_Assert( blockSize % 2 == 1 && blockSize > 1 );
    Size size = src.size();

    _dst.create( size, src.type() );
    Mat dst = _dst.getMat();

    if( maxValue < 0 )
    {
        dst = Scalar(0);
        return;
    }

    Mat mean;

    if( src.data != dst.data )
        mean = dst;

    if( method == ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C )
        boxFilter( src, mean, src.type(), Size(blockSize, blockSize),
                   Point(-1,-1), true, BORDER_REPLICATE );
    else if( method == ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C )
        GaussianBlur( src, mean, Size(blockSize, blockSize), 0, 0, BORDER_REPLICATE );
    else
        CV_Error( CV_StsBadFlag, "Unknown/unsupported adaptive threshold method" );

    int i, j;
    uchar imaxval = saturate_cast<uchar>(maxValue);
    int idelta = type == THRESH_BINARY ? cvCeil(delta) : cvFloor(delta);
    uchar tab[768];

    if( type == CV_THRESH_BINARY )
        for( i = 0; i < 768; i++ )
            tab[i] = (uchar)(i - 255 > -idelta ? imaxval : 0);
    else if( type == CV_THRESH_BINARY_INV )
        for( i = 0; i < 768; i++ )
            tab[i] = (uchar)(i - 255 <= -idelta ? imaxval : 0);
    else
        CV_Error( CV_StsBadFlag, "Unknown/unsupported threshold type" );

    if( src.isContinuous() && mean.isContinuous() && dst.isContinuous() )
    {
        size.width *= size.height;
        size.height = 1;
    }

    for( i = 0; i < size.height; i++ )
    {
        const uchar* sdata = src.ptr(i);
        const uchar* mdata = mean.ptr(i);
        uchar* ddata = dst.ptr(i);

        for( j = 0; j < size.width; j++ )
            ddata[j] = tab[sdata[j] - mdata[j] + 255];
    }
}