对于本教程，我们将在Penn-Fudan数据库中对行人检测和分割的预训练Mask R-CNN模型进行微调。它包含170个图像，其中包含345个行人实例，我们将用它来说明如何在torchvision中使用新功能，以便在自定义数据集上训练实例细分模型。
定义数据集
用于训练对象检测，实例细分和人员关键点检测的参考脚本可轻松支持添加新的自定义数据集。数据集应继承自标准 torch.utils.data.Dataset类，并实现__len__和 __getitem__。
我们唯一需要的特异性是数据集__getitem__ 应该返回：
- 图像：大小为PIL的图像
(H,W) - 目标：包含以下字段的字典
boxes(FloatTensor[N,4])：N边界框的坐标，格式为 to 和to[x0,y0,x1,y1]0W0Hlabels(Int64Tensor[N])：每个边界框的标签。0始终代表背景类。image_id(Int64Tensor[1])：图像标识符。它在数据集中的所有图像之间应该是唯一的，并在评估过程中使用area(Tensor[N])：边界框的面积。在使用COCO指标进行评估时，可使用此值来区分小盒子，中盒子和大盒子之间的指标得分。iscrowd(UInt8Tensor[N])：iscrowd = True的实例在评估期间将被忽略。- (optionally) 每个对象的分割
masks(UInt8Tensor[N,H,W]) - (optionally) 对于N个对象中的每个对象，它包含格式为K的K个关键点 ，用于定义对象。可见性= 0表示关键点不可见。请注意，对于数据扩充，翻转关键点的概念取决于数据表示形式，大家可能应该适应 新的关键点表示形式
keypoints(FloatTensor[N,K,3])[x,y,visibility]references/detection/transforms.py
如果你的模型返回上述方法，则它们将使其适用于训练和评估，并将使用中的评估脚本 pycocotools。
注意
对于Windows，请使用以下命令pycocotools从gautamchitnis安装
pip install git+https://github.com/gautamchitnis/cocoapi.git@cocodataset-master#subdirectory=PythonAPI
关于的一注labels。该模型将类0作为背景。如果数据集不包含背景类，你不应该0在你的labels。例如，假设只有cat和dog这两个类，则可以定义1（不是0）代表猫和2代表dog。因此，例如，如果其中一张图像具有展位类别，则labels张量应类似于[1,2]。
此外，如果要在训练过程中使用宽高比分组（以便每个批次仅包含具有相同长宽比的图像），则建议实现一种get_height_and_width 方法，该方法可返回图像的高度和宽度。如果未提供此方法，我们将通过查询数据集的所有元素 __getitem__，这会将图像加载到内存中，并且比提供自定义方法要慢。
为PennFudan编写自定义数据集
让我们为PennFudan数据集编写一个数据集。之后下载并解压缩zip文件，我们的文件夹结构如下：
PennFudanPed/
PedMasks/
FudanPed00001_mask.png
FudanPed00002_mask.png
FudanPed00003_mask.png
FudanPed00004_mask.png
...
PNGImages/
FudanPed00001.png
FudanPed00002.png
FudanPed00003.png
FudanPed00004.png
这是images对应的segmentation masks
因此，每个图像都有一个对应的分割mask，其中每个颜色对应一个不同的实例。让我们torch.utils.data.Dataset为此数据集编写一个类。
import os
import numpy as np
import torch
from PIL import Image
class PennFudanDataset(object):
def __init__(self, root, transforms):
self.root = root
self.transforms = transforms
# load all image files, sorting them to
# ensure that they are aligned
self.imgs = list(sorted(os.listdir(os.path.join(root, "PNGImages"))))
self.masks = list(sorted(os.listdir(os.path.join(root, "PedMasks"))))
def __getitem__(self, idx):
# load images ad masks
img_path = os.path.join(self.root, "PNGImages", self.imgs[idx])
mask_path = os.path.join(self.root, "PedMasks", self.masks[idx])
img = Image.open(img_path).convert("RGB")
# note that we haven't converted the mask to RGB,
# because each color corresponds to a different instance
# with 0 being background
mask = Image.open(mask_path)
# convert the PIL Image into a numpy array
mask = np.array(mask)
# instances are encoded as different colors
obj_ids = np.unique(mask)
# first id is the background, so remove it
obj_ids = obj_ids[1:]
# split the color-encoded mask into a set
# of binary masks
masks = mask == obj_ids[:, None, None]
# get bounding box coordinates for each mask
num_objs = len(obj_ids)
boxes = []
for i in range(num_objs):
pos = np.where(masks[i])
xmin = np.min(pos[1])
xmax = np.max(pos[1])
ymin = np.min(pos[0])
ymax = np.max(pos[0])
boxes.append([xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax])
# convert everything into a torch.Tensor
boxes = torch.as_tensor(boxes, dtype=torch.float32)
# there is only one class
labels = torch.ones((num_objs,), dtype=torch.int64)
masks = torch.as_tensor(masks, dtype=torch.uint8)
image_id = torch.tensor([idx])
area = (boxes[:, 3] - boxes[:, 1]) * (boxes[:, 2] - boxes[:, 0])
# suppose all instances are not crowd
iscrowd = torch.zeros((num_objs,), dtype=torch.int64)
target = {}
target["boxes"] = boxes
target["labels"] = labels
target["masks"] = masks
target["image_id"] = image_id
target["area"] = area
target["iscrowd"] = iscrowd
if self.transforms is not None:
img, target = self.transforms(img, target)
return img, target
def __len__(self):
return len(self.imgs)
这就是数据集的全部内容。现在，让我们定义一个可以对该数据集执行预测的模型。
Defining your model
在本教程中，我们将使用基于 Faster R-CNN的Mask R-CNN。更快的R-CNN是一个模型，可以预测图像中潜在对象的边界框和类分数。
Mask R-CNN在Faster R-CNN中增加了一个分支，该分支还可以预测每个实例的分割掩码。
在两种常见情况下，可能要修改Torchvision modelzoo中的可用模型之一。首先是当我们想从预先训练的模型开始，然后微调最后一层时。另一个是当我们要用另一个模型替换主干时（例如，为了更快的预测）。
1 - Finetuning from a pretrained model
通过预训练模型进行微调
假设您想从在COCO上进行预训练的模型开始，并希望针对您的特定班级对其进行微调。这是一种可行的方法：
import torchvision from torchvision.models.detection.faster_rcnn import FastRCNNPredictor # load a model pre-trained pre-trained on COCO model = torchvision.models.detection.fasterrcnn_resnet50_fpn(pretrained=True) # replace the classifier with a new one, that has # num_classes which is user-defined num_classes = 2 # 1 class (person) + background # get number of input features for the classifier in_features = model.roi_heads.box_predictor.cls_score.in_features # replace the pre-trained head with a new one model.roi_heads.box_predictor = FastRCNNPredictor(in_features, num_classes)
2 - Modifying the model to add a different backbone
修改模型以添加其他主干
import torchvision
from torchvision.models.detection import FasterRCNN
from torchvision.models.detection.rpn import AnchorGenerator
# load a pre-trained model for classification and return
# only the features
backbone = torchvision.models.mobilenet_v2(pretrained=True).features
# FasterRCNN needs to know the number of
# output channels in a backbone. For mobilenet_v2, it's 1280
# so we need to add it here
backbone.out_channels = 1280
# let's make the RPN generate 5 x 3 anchors per spatial
# location, with 5 different sizes and 3 different aspect
# ratios. We have a Tuple[Tuple[int]] because each feature
# map could potentially have different sizes and
# aspect ratios
anchor_generator = AnchorGenerator(sizes=((32, 64, 128, 256, 512),),
aspect_ratios=((0.5, 1.0, 2.0),))
# let's define what are the feature maps that we will
# use to perform the region of interest cropping, as well as
# the size of the crop after rescaling.
# if your backbone returns a Tensor, featmap_names is expected to
# be [0]. More generally, the backbone should return an
# OrderedDict[Tensor], and in featmap_names you can choose which
# feature maps to use.
roi_pooler = torchvision.ops.MultiScaleRoIAlign(featmap_names=[0],
output_size=7,
sampling_ratio=2)
# put the pieces together inside a FasterRCNN model
model = FasterRCNN(backbone,
num_classes=2,
rpn_anchor_generator=anchor_generator,
box_roi_pool=roi_pooler)
An Instance segmentation model for PennFudan Dataset
PennFudan数据集的实例细分模型
在我们的例子中，由于我们的数据集非常小，我们希望从预训练模型中进行微调，因此我们将遵循方法1。
这里我们还想计算实例分割掩码，因此我们将使用Mask R-CNN：
import torchvision
from torchvision.models.detection.faster_rcnn import FastRCNNPredictor
from torchvision.models.detection.mask_rcnn import MaskRCNNPredictor
def get_model_instance_segmentation(num_classes):
# load an instance segmentation model pre-trained pre-trained on COCO
model = torchvision.models.detection.maskrcnn_resnet50_fpn(pretrained=True)
# get number of input features for the classifier
in_features = model.roi_heads.box_predictor.cls_score.in_features
# replace the pre-trained head with a new one
model.roi_heads.box_predictor = FastRCNNPredictor(in_features, num_classes)
# now get the number of input features for the mask classifier
in_features_mask = model.roi_heads.mask_predictor.conv5_mask.in_channels
hidden_layer = 256
# and replace the mask predictor with a new one
model.roi_heads.mask_predictor = MaskRCNNPredictor(in_features_mask,
hidden_layer,
num_classes)
return model
就是这样，这将model准备好在自定义数据集上进行培训和评估
Putting everything together
放在一起
在中references/detection/，我们提供了许多帮助程序功能来简化训练和评估检测模型。在这里，我们将使用 references/detection/engine.py，references/detection/utils.py 和references/detection/transforms.py。只需将它们复制到您的文件夹中，然后在此处使用它们即可。
让我们写一些辅助函数来进行数据扩充/转换：
import transforms as T
def get_transform(train):
transforms = []
transforms.append(T.ToTensor())
if train:
transforms.append(T.RandomHorizontalFlip(0.5))
return T.Compose(transforms)
Testing forward() method (Optional)
测试forward()方法（可选）
在遍历数据集之前，最好先查看模型在训练期间和对样本数据的推断时间内的期望
model = torchvision.models.detection.fasterrcnn_resnet50_fpn(pretrained=True)
dataset = PennFudanDataset('PennFudanPed', get_transform(train=True))
data_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
dataset, batch_size=2, shuffle=True, num_workers=4,
collate_fn=utils.collate_fn)
# For Training
images,targets = next(iter(data_loader))
images = list(image for image in images)
targets = [{k: v for k, v in t.items()} for t in targets]
output = model(images,targets) # Returns losses and detections
# For inference
model.eval()
x = [torch.rand(3, 300, 400), torch.rand(3, 500, 400)]
predictions = model(x) # Returns predictions
现在让我们编写执行训练和验证的主要功能：
from engine import train_one_epoch, evaluate
import utils
def main():
# train on the GPU or on the CPU, if a GPU is not available
device = torch.device('cuda') if torch.cuda.is_available() else torch.device('cpu')
# our dataset has two classes only - background and person
num_classes = 2
# use our dataset and defined transformations
dataset = PennFudanDataset('PennFudanPed', get_transform(train=True))
dataset_test = PennFudanDataset('PennFudanPed', get_transform(train=False))
# split the dataset in train and test set
indices = torch.randperm(len(dataset)).tolist()
dataset = torch.utils.data.Subset(dataset, indices[:-50])
dataset_test = torch.utils.data.Subset(dataset_test, indices[-50:])
# define training and validation data loaders
data_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
dataset, batch_size=2, shuffle=True, num_workers=4,
collate_fn=utils.collate_fn)
data_loader_test = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
dataset_test, batch_size=1, shuffle=False, num_workers=4,
collate_fn=utils.collate_fn)
# get the model using our helper function
model = get_model_instance_segmentation(num_classes)
# move model to the right device
model.to(device)
# construct an optimizer
params = [p for p in model.parameters() if p.requires_grad]
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(params, lr=0.005,
momentum=0.9, weight_decay=0.0005)
# and a learning rate scheduler
lr_scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer,
step_size=3,
gamma=0.1)
# let's train it for 10 epochs
num_epochs = 10
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
# train for one epoch, printing every 10 iterations
train_one_epoch(model, optimizer, data_loader, device, epoch, print_freq=10)
# update the learning rate
lr_scheduler.step()
# evaluate on the test dataset
evaluate(model, data_loader_test, device=device)
print("That's it!")
output for the first epoch:
Epoch: [0] [ 0/60] eta: 0:01:18 lr: 0.000090 loss: 2.5213 (2.5213) loss_classifier: 0.8025 (0.8025) loss_box_reg: 0.2634 (0.2634) loss_mask: 1.4265 (1.4265) loss_objectness: 0.0190 (0.0190) loss_rpn_box_reg: 0.0099 (0.0099) time: 1.3121 data: 0.3024 max mem: 3485 Epoch: [0] [10/60] eta: 0:00:20 lr: 0.000936 loss: 1.3007 (1.5313) loss_classifier: 0.3979 (0.4719) loss_box_reg: 0.2454 (0.2272) loss_mask: 0.6089 (0.7953) loss_objectness: 0.0197 (0.0228) loss_rpn_box_reg: 0.0121 (0.0141) time: 0.4198 data: 0.0298 max mem: 5081 Epoch: [0] [20/60] eta: 0:00:15 lr: 0.001783 loss: 0.7567 (1.1056) loss_classifier: 0.2221 (0.3319) loss_box_reg: 0.2002 (0.2106) loss_mask: 0.2904 (0.5332) loss_objectness: 0.0146 (0.0176) loss_rpn_box_reg: 0.0094 (0.0123) time: 0.3293 data: 0.0035 max mem: 5081 Epoch: [0] [30/60] eta: 0:00:11 lr: 0.002629 loss: 0.4705 (0.8935) loss_classifier: 0.0991 (0.2517) loss_box_reg: 0.1578 (0.1957) loss_mask: 0.1970 (0.4204) loss_objectness: 0.0061 (0.0140) loss_rpn_box_reg: 0.0075 (0.0118) time: 0.3403 data: 0.0044 max mem: 5081 Epoch: [0] [40/60] eta: 0:00:07 lr: 0.003476 loss: 0.3901 (0.7568) loss_classifier: 0.0648 (0.2022) loss_box_reg: 0.1207 (0.1736) loss_mask: 0.1705 (0.3585) loss_objectness: 0.0018 (0.0113) loss_rpn_box_reg: 0.0075 (0.0112) time: 0.3407 data: 0.0044 max mem: 5081 Epoch: [0] [50/60] eta: 0:00:03 lr: 0.004323 loss: 0.3237 (0.6703) loss_classifier: 0.0474 (0.1731) loss_box_reg: 0.1109 (0.1561) loss_mask: 0.1658 (0.3201) loss_objectness: 0.0015 (0.0093) loss_rpn_box_reg: 0.0093 (0.0116) time: 0.3379 data: 0.0043 max mem: 5081 Epoch: [0] [59/60] eta: 0:00:00 lr: 0.005000 loss: 0.2540 (0.6082) loss_classifier: 0.0309 (0.1526) loss_box_reg: 0.0463 (0.1405) loss_mask: 0.1568 (0.2945) loss_objectness: 0.0012 (0.0083) loss_rpn_box_reg: 0.0093 (0.0123) time: 0.3489 data: 0.0042 max mem: 5081 Epoch: [0] Total time: 0:00:21 (0.3570 s / it) creating index... index created! Test: [ 0/50] eta: 0:00:19 model_time: 0.2152 (0.2152) evaluator_time: 0.0133 (0.0133) time: 0.4000 data: 0.1701 max mem: 5081 Test: [49/50] eta: 0:00:00 model_time: 0.0628 (0.0687) evaluator_time: 0.0039 (0.0064) time: 0.0735 data: 0.0022 max mem: 5081 Test: Total time: 0:00:04 (0.0828 s / it) Averaged stats: model_time: 0.0628 (0.0687) evaluator_time: 0.0039 (0.0064) Accumulating evaluation results... DONE (t=0.01s). Accumulating evaluation results... DONE (t=0.01s). IoU metric: bbox Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.606 Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.984 Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.75 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.780 Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.313 Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.582 Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.612 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets= 1 ] = 0.270 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets= 10 ] = 0.672 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.672 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.650 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.755 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.664 IoU metric: segm Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.704 Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.979 Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.75 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.871 Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.325 Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.488 Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.727 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets= 1 ] = 0.316 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets= 10 ] = 0.748 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.749 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.650 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.673 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.758
因此，经过一个epoch的训练，我们获得了a COCO-style mAP of 60.6, and a mask mAP of 70.4.
经过10个epochs的训练，我得到了以下指标metrics
IoU metric: bbox Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.799 Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.969 Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.75 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.935 Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.349 Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.592 Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.831 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets= 1 ] = 0.324 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets= 10 ] = 0.844 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.844 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.400 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.777 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.870 IoU metric: segm Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.761 Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.969 Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.75 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.919 Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.341 Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.464 Average Precision (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.788 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets= 1 ] = 0.303 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets= 10 ] = 0.799 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.799 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.400 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.769 Average Recall (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.818
但是这些预测是什么样的？让我们在数据集中拍摄一张图像并进行验证
结果看起来还不错！
Wrapping up总结一下
在本教程中，大家学习了如何在自定义数据集上为实例细分模型创建自己的训练管道。为此，编写了一个torch.utils.data.Dataset类，该类返回图像，ground truth boxes和分割segmentation masks。利用了在COCO train2017上预先训练的Mask R-CNN模型，以便对该新数据集执行迁移学习。
对于更完整的示例（包括多机/多GPU培训）references/detection/train.py，该示例存在于Torchvision存储库中。
大家可以在此处下载本教程的完整源文件
接下来，给大家介绍一下租用GPU做实验的方法，我们是在智星云租用的GPU，使用体验很好。具体大家可以参考：智星云官网： http://www.ai-galaxy.cn/，淘宝店：https://shop36573300.taobao.com/公众号: 智星AI
参考文献：
https://pytorch.org/tutorials/intermediate/torchvision_tutorial.html
https://pytorch.org/tutorials/_static/tv-training-code.py
https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.06870
https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.01497
扫一扫
1217
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
