VTK：体绘制裁剪——Cropping技术

1.裁剪

对于一些体积较大，结果比较复杂的体绘制的渲染效果一展示其内部细节，需要用到裁剪技术来渲染部分数据。vtkVolumeMapper类中提供两种裁剪技术分别是Cropping和Clipping。
Cropping技术只支持VTKImageData数据的裁剪。该方法在每个坐标轴上定义两个裁剪面，共有6个裁剪面。将三维空间分为27个可视区域。这些裁剪面仅与数据的原点和像素尺寸有关，而不依赖数据的任何坐标运算，因此可以使用27位数字来定义这些区域，每一位表示一个区域。在这些区域中，小于（xmin,ymin）的区域为第一位，然后根据先X方向，最后Z轴方向的顺序来定义每个区域的位号。例如，当只显示中间区域时，其对应的27位数字为0x0002000.

2.基于Cropping 的裁剪技术

vtkVolumeMapper中定义了Cropping接口函数，使用Cropping进行裁剪的代码下：
volumeMapper->SetCropping(1);//开启Cropping功能 volumeMapper->SetCroppingRegionPlanes(50, 150, 50, 200, 50, 150);//设置三个坐标轴上6个裁剪面的位置 volumeMapper->SetCroppingRegionFlags(0x0002000);//设置显示区域标记
此外，该类也提供了其他成员函数设置显示区域，避免自行计算显示区域标记：
SetCroppingRegionFlagsToSubVolume();
SetCroppingRegionFlagsToFence();
SetCroppingRegionFlagsToInvertedFence();
SetCroppingRegionFlagsToCross();
SetCroppingRegionFlagsToInvertedCross();

#include <vtkAutoInit.h>
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingVolumeOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingFreeType);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);


#include <vtkSmartPointer.h>
#include <vtkStructuredPoints.h>//vtkStructuredPointsReader* -> vtkGPUVolumeRayCastMapper*
#include <vtkStructuredPointsReader.h>
#include <vtkGPUVolumeRayCastMapper.h>
#include <vtkVolumeProperty.h>
#include <vtkPiecewiseFunction.h>
#include <vtkColorTransferFunction.h>
#include <vtkVolume.h>
#include <vtkRenderer.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindow.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h>
#include <vtkCamera.h>


int main()
{
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkStructuredPointsReader> reader =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkStructuredPointsReader>::New();
	reader->SetFileName("data/mummy.128.vtk");
	reader->Update();


	vtkSmartPointer<vtkGPUVolumeRayCastMapper> origMapper =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkGPUVolumeRayCastMapper>::New();
	origMapper->SetInputData(reader->GetOutput());


	vtkSmartPointer<vtkGPUVolumeRayCastMapper> volumeMapper =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkGPUVolumeRayCastMapper>::New();
	volumeMapper->SetInputData(reader->GetOutput());
	volumeMapper->SetCropping(1);//开启Cropping功能
	volumeMapper->SetCroppingRegionPlanes(50, 150, 50, 200, 50, 150);
	volumeMapper->SetCroppingRegionFlags(0x0002000);
	/*****************************************************************/
	//设置体绘制相关属性
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkVolumeProperty> volumeProperty =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkVolumeProperty>::New();
	volumeProperty->SetInterpolationTypeToLinear(); //设置线性插值方式
	volumeProperty->ShadeOn();//开启阴影属性
	volumeProperty->SetAmbient(0.4);//设置环境温度
	volumeProperty->SetDiffuse(0.6);//设置漫反射系数
	volumeProperty->SetSpecular(0.2);//设置镜面反射系数
	//添加灰度不透明度属性
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkPiecewiseFunction> compositeOpacity =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkPiecewiseFunction>::New();
	compositeOpacity->AddPoint(70, 0.0);
	compositeOpacity->AddPoint(90, 0.4);
	compositeOpacity->AddPoint(180, 0.6);
	volumeProperty->SetScalarOpacity(compositeOpacity);
	//添加梯度不同明度属性
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkPiecewiseFunction> gradientOpacity =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkPiecewiseFunction>::New();
	gradientOpacity->AddPoint(10, 0.0);
	gradientOpacity->AddPoint(90, 0.5);
	gradientOpacity->AddPoint(100, 1.0);
	volumeProperty->SetGradientOpacity(gradientOpacity);
	//添加颜色传输
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkColorTransferFunction> color =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkColorTransferFunction>::New();
	color->AddRGBPoint(0, 0, 0, 0);
	color->AddRGBPoint(64, 1.0, 0.52, 0.3);
	color->AddRGBPoint(190.0, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00);
	color->AddRGBPoint(220.0, 0.20, 0.20, 0.20);
	volumeProperty->SetColor(color);
	/***********************************************************/
	//渲染管道
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkVolume> origVolume =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkVolume>::New();
	origVolume->SetMapper(origMapper);
	origVolume->SetProperty(volumeProperty);


	vtkSmartPointer<vtkVolume> croppingVolume =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkVolume>::New();
	croppingVolume->SetMapper(volumeMapper);
	croppingVolume->SetProperty(volumeProperty);


	//
	double origView[4] = { 0, 0, 0.5, 1 };
	double croppingView[4] = { 0.5, 0, 1, 1 };
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> origRender =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
	origRender->AddVolume(origVolume);
	origRender->SetBackground(1, 1, 0);
	origRender->SetViewport(origView);


	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> croppingRender =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
	croppingRender->AddVolume(croppingVolume);
	croppingRender->SetBackground(0, 1, 0);
	croppingRender->SetViewport(croppingView);
	///
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow> rw =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow>::New();
	rw->AddRenderer(origRender);
	rw->AddRenderer(croppingRender);
	rw->SetWindowName("Cropping Volume");
	rw->SetSize(640, 320);


	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor> rwi =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor>::New();
	rwi->SetRenderWindow(rw);


	origRender->GetActiveCamera()->SetPosition(0, -1, 0);
	origRender->GetActiveCamera()->SetFocalPoint(0, 0, 0);
	origRender->GetActiveCamera()->SetViewUp(0, 0, 1);
	origRender->GetActiveCamera()->Azimuth(30);
	origRender->GetActiveCamera()->Elevation(30);
	origRender->ResetCamera();
	croppingRender->SetActiveCamera(origRender->GetActiveCamera());

	rw->Render();
	rwi->Start();
	return 0;
}