OpenCV | 平滑处理、高斯与中值滤波、腐蚀操作、膨胀操作……

1、灰度图

import cv2 #opencv读取的格式是BGR
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt#Matplotlib是RGB
%matplotlib inline 

img=cv2.imread('cat.jpg')
img_gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
img_gray.shape

cv2.imshow("img_gray", img_gray)
cv2.waitKey(0)    
cv2.destroyAllWindows() 

2、

HSV

• H - 色调（主波长）。
• S - 饱和度（纯度/颜色的阴影）。
• V值（强度）

hsv=cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)

cv2.imshow("hsv", hsv)
cv2.waitKey(0)    
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

3、

图像阈值

ret, thresh1 = cv2.threshold(img_gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
ret, thresh2 = cv2.threshold(img_gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
ret, thresh3 = cv2.threshold(img_gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_TRUNC)
ret, thresh4 = cv2.threshold(img_gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_TOZERO)
ret, thresh5 = cv2.threshold(img_gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV)

titles = ['Original Image', 'BINARY', 'BINARY_INV', 'TRUNC', 'TOZERO', 'TOZERO_INV']
images = [img, thresh1, thresh2, thresh3, thresh4, thresh5]

for i in range(6):
    plt.subplot(2, 3, i + 1), plt.imshow(images[i], 'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i])
    plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()

• ret,dst=cv2.threshold(src,thresh,maxval,type)
• src:输出图，只能输入单通道图像，通常来说为灰度图
• dst：输出图
• thresh:阈值
• maxval：当像素值超过了阈值（或者小于阈值，根据type来决定）,所赋予的值
• type：二值化操作类型，包含以下5种类型：cv2.THRESH_BINARY;cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV;cv2.THRESH_TRUNC;cv2.THRESH_TOZERO;cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV
• cv2.THRESH_BINARY超过阈值部分取maxvel（最大值），否则取0
• cv2.THRESH_BINARY_IN cv2.THRESH_BINARY的反转
• cv2.THRESH_TRUNC 大于阈值部分设为阈值，否则不变
• cv2.THRESH_TOZERO 大于阈值部分不改变，否则设为0
• cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV cv2.THRESH_TOZERO的反转

 

4、平滑处理

lenaNoise图片

img=cv2.imread('lenaNoise.png')
cv2.imshow('img',img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

#均值滤波
#简单的平均卷积操作
blur = cv2.blur(img,(3,3))
cv2.imshow('blur',blur)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()


#方框滤波
#基本和均值一样，可以选择归一化
box = cv2.boxFilter(img,-1,(3,3),normalize=True)
cv2.imshow('box',box)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()


#高斯滤波
#高斯模糊的卷积核里的数值是满足高斯分布，相当于更重视中间的
aussian = cv2.GaussianBlur(img,(5,5),1)
cv2.imshow('aussian',aussian)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

#中值滤波
#相当于用中值代替
median = cv2.medianBlur(img,5) #中值滤波

cv2.imshow('median',median)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()


#展示所有的
res = np.hstack((blur,aussian,median)) #vstack 是竖向拼接
print (res)
cv2.imshow('median vs average',res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

滤波后图片

5、形态学-腐蚀操作

 

dige图片

img = cv2.imread('dige.png')
cv2.imshow('img',img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
erosion = cv2.erode(img,kernel,iterations = 1)

cv2.imshow('erosion',erosion)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

腐蚀后图片

6、 形态学-膨胀操作

img = cv2.imread('dige.png')
cv2.imshow('img',img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

kernel = np.ones((3,3),np.uint8) 
dige_erosion = cv2.erode(img,kernel,iterations = 1)

cv2.imshow('erosion', erosion)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

 

膨胀后图片