YOLOv11改进 |创新 C3k2模块 | 引入动态特征融合（DFF）模块

学术界的一枚小白

已于 2025-03-11 09:58:59 修改

阅读量1.9k

点赞数 24

分类专栏： YOLOv11改进文章标签： YOLO python 目标检测深度学习

于 2025-03-10 20:38:06 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_64858060/article/details/146162847

版权

YOLOv11改进专栏收录该内容

5 篇文章

订阅专栏

1 介绍

1.1 简介

本文介绍了一种新的改进机制，引入动态特征融合（DFF）模块改进C3k2模块，DFF模块能够有效解决不同尺度的局部特征在融合过程中可能丢失的信息问题。

论文地址：https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.10674

1.2 DFF模块

DFF基于全局信息自适应地融合不同尺度的局部特征图，使网络在更大的感受野下高效结合多尺度信息。通过动态融合，该模块不仅能够更好地保留局部特征的细节，还能增强全局信息的有效利用。该方法主要适用于分割网络，也可使用于目标检测。以下为DFF的网络结构示意图。

2 核心代码

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
 
__all__ = ['C3k2_DFF_1', 'C3k2_DFF_2']
 
 
class DFF(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, dim):
        super().__init__()
 
        self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)
        self.conv_atten = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(dim * 2, dim * 2, kernel_size=1, bias=False),
            nn.Sigmoid()
        )
        self.conv_redu = nn.Conv2d(dim * 2, dim, kernel_size=1, bias=False)
 
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(dim, 1, kernel_size=1, stride=1, bias=True)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(dim, 1, kernel_size=1, stride=1, bias=True)
        self.nonlin = nn.Sigmoid()
 
    def forward(self, x, skip):
        output = torch.cat([x, skip], dim=1)
 
        att = self.conv_atten(self.avg_pool(output))
        output = output * att
        output = self.conv_redu(output)
 
        att = self.conv1(x) + self.conv2(skip)
        att = self.nonlin(att)
        output = output * att
        return output
 
 
 
 
 
class Bottleneck_DFF(nn.Module):
    """Standard bottleneck."""
 
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, shortcut=True, g=1, k=(3, 3), e=0.5):
        """Initializes a bottleneck module with given input/output channels, shortcut option, group, kernels, and
        expansion.
        """
        super().__init__()
        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, k[0], 1)
        self.cv2 = Conv(c_, c2, k[1], 1, g=g)
        self.add = shortcut and c1 == c2
        self.DFF = DFF(c2)
 
    def forward(self, x):
        """'forward()' applies the YOLO FPN to input data."""
        if self.add:
            results = self.DFF(x, self.cv2(self.cv1(x)))
        else:
            results = self.cv2(self.cv1(x))
        return results
 
 
class Bottleneck(nn.Module):
    """Standard bottleneck."""
 
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, shortcut=True, g=1, k=(3, 3), e=0.5):
        """Initializes a standard bottleneck module with optional shortcut connection and configurable parameters."""
        super().__init__()
        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, k[0], 1)
        self.cv2 = Conv(c_, c2, k[1], 1, g=g)
        self.add = shortcut and c1 == c2
 
    def forward(self, x):
        """Applies the YOLO FPN to input data."""
        return x + self.cv2(self.cv1(x)) if self.add else self.cv2(self.cv1(x))
 
 
class C2f(nn.Module):
    """Faster Implementation of CSP Bottleneck with 2 convolutions."""
 
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=False, g=1, e=0.5):
        """Initializes a CSP bottleneck with 2 convolutions and n Bottleneck blocks for faster processing."""
        super().__init__()
        self.c = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, 2 * self.c, 1, 1)
        self.cv2 = Conv((2 + n) * self.c, c2, 1)  # optional act=FReLU(c2)
        self.m = nn.ModuleList(Bottleneck(self.c, self.c, shortcut, g, k=((3, 3), (3, 3)), e=1.0) for _ in range(n))
 
    def forward(self, x):
        """Forward pass through C2f layer."""
        y = list(self.cv1(x).chunk(2, 1))
        y.extend(m(y[-1]) for m in self.m)
        return self.cv2(torch.cat(y, 1))
 
    def forward_split(self, x):
        """Forward pass using split() instead of chunk()."""
        y = list(self.cv1(x).split((self.c, self.c), 1))
        y.extend(m(y[-1]) for m in self.m)
        return self.cv2(torch.cat(y, 1))
 
def autopad(k, p=None, d=1):  # kernel, padding, dilation
    """Pad to 'same' shape outputs."""
    if d > 1:
        k = d * (k - 1) + 1 if isinstance(k, int) else [d * (x - 1) + 1 for x in k]  # actual kernel-size
    if p is None:
        p = k // 2 if isinstance(k, int) else [x // 2 for x in k]  # auto-pad
    return p
 
 
class Conv(nn.Module):
    """Standard convolution with args(ch_in, ch_out, kernel, stride, padding, groups, dilation, activation)."""
    default_act = nn.SiLU()  # default activation
 
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, g=1, d=1, act=True):
        """Initialize Conv layer with given arguments including activation."""
        super().__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(c1, c2, k, s, autopad(k, p, d), groups=g, dilation=d, bias=False)
        self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(c2)
        self.act = self.default_act if act is True else act if isinstance(act, nn.Module) else nn.Identity()
 
    def forward(self, x):
        """Apply convolution, batch normalization and activation to input tensor."""
        return self.act(self.bn(self.conv(x)))
 
    def forward_fuse(self, x):
        """Perform transposed convolution of 2D data."""
        return self.act(self.conv(x))
 
 
class C3(nn.Module):
    """CSP Bottleneck with 3 convolutions."""
 
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5):
        """Initialize the CSP Bottleneck with given channels, number, shortcut, groups, and expansion values."""
        super().__init__()
        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv2 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv3 = Conv(2 * c_, c2, 1)  # optional act=FReLU(c2)
        self.m = nn.Sequential(*(Bottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, k=((1, 1), (3, 3)), e=1.0) for _ in range(n)))
 
    def forward(self, x):
        """Forward pass through the CSP bottleneck with 2 convolutions."""
        return self.cv3(torch.cat((self.m(self.cv1(x)), self.cv2(x)), 1))
 
 
class C3k(C3):
    """C3k is a CSP bottleneck module with customizable kernel sizes for feature extraction in neural networks."""
 
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5, k=3):
        """Initializes the C3k module with specified channels, number of layers, and configurations."""
        super().__init__(c1, c2, n, shortcut, g, e)
        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
        # self.m = nn.Sequential(*(RepBottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, k=(k, k), e=1.0) for _ in range(n)))
        self.m = nn.Sequential(*(Bottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, k=(k, k), e=1.0) for _ in range(n)))
 
class C3kDFF(C3):
    """C3k is a CSP bottleneck module with customizable kernel sizes for feature extraction in neural networks."""
 
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5, k=3):
        """Initializes the C3k module with specified channels, number of layers, and configurations."""
        super().__init__(c1, c2, n, shortcut, g, e)
        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
        # self.m = nn.Sequential(*(RepBottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, k=(k, k), e=1.0) for _ in range(n)))
        self.m = nn.Sequential(*(Bottleneck_DFF(c_, c_, shortcut, g, k=(k, k), e=1.0) for _ in range(n)))
 
 
class C3k2_DFF_1(C2f):
    """Faster Implementation of CSP Bottleneck with 2 convolutions."""
 
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, c3k=False, e=0.5, g=1, shortcut=True):
        """Initializes the C3k2 module, a faster CSP Bottleneck with 2 convolutions and optional C3k blocks."""
        super().__init__(c1, c2, n, shortcut, g, e)
        self.m = nn.ModuleList(
            C3k(self.c, self.c, 2, shortcut, g) if c3k else Bottleneck_DFF(self.c, self.c, shortcut, g)for _ in range(n)
        )
 
class C3k2_DFF_2(C2f):
    """Faster Implementation of CSP Bottleneck with 2 convolutions."""
 
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, c3k=False, e=0.5, g=1, shortcut=True):
        """Initializes the C3k2 module, a faster CSP Bottleneck with 2 convolutions and optional C3k blocks."""
        super().__init__(c1, c2, n, shortcut, g, e)
        self.m = nn.ModuleList(
            C3kDFF(self.c, self.c, 2, shortcut, g) if c3k else Bottleneck(self.c, self.c, shortcut, g)for _ in range(n)
        )

3 改进步骤

3.1 在ultralytics/nn下新建Addmodule文件夹，并在Addmodule里创建DFF.py

在DFF.py文件里添加给出的DFF代码

添加完DFF代码后，在ultralytics/nn/Addmodule/__init__.py文件中引用

from .DFF import *

在ultralytics/nn/tasks.py里引用

from .Addmodule import *

3.2 在ultralytics/nn/tasks.py查找

（1）在tasks.py找到parse_model函数（ctrl+f 可以直接搜索parse_model位置），添加：

到此，修改完成。

4 DFF.yaml文件

（1）第一种

# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect
 
# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPs
  s: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPs
  m: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPs
  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPs
  x: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs
 
# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:
  # [from, repeats, module, args]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]] # 1-P2/4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2_DFF_1, [256, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8
  - [-1, 2, C3k2_DFF_1, [512, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16
  - [-1, 2, C3k2_DFF_1, [512, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32
  - [-1, 2, C3k2_DFF_1, [1024, True]]
  - [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 9
  - [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 10
 
# YOLO11n head
head:
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2_DFF_1, [512, False]] # 13
 
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3
  - [-1, 2, C3k2_DFF_1, [256, False]] # 16 (P3/8-small)
 
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 13], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2_DFF_1, [512, False]] # 19 (P4/16-medium)
 
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5
  - [-1, 2, C3k2_DFF_1, [1024, True]] # 22 (P5/32-large)
 
  - [[16, 19, 22], 1, Detect, [nc]] # Detect(P3, P4, P5)

（2）第二种

# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect
 
# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPs
  s: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPs
  m: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPs
  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPs
  x: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs
 
# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:
  # [from, repeats, module, args]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]] # 0-P1/2
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]] # 1-P2/4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2_DFF_2, [256, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]] # 3-P3/8
  - [-1, 2, C3k2_DFF_2, [512, False, 0.25]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]] # 5-P4/16
  - [-1, 2, C3k2_DFF_2, [512, True]]
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]] # 7-P5/32
  - [-1, 2, C3k2_DFF_2, [1024, True]]
  - [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 9
  - [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 10
 
# YOLO11n head
head:
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2_DFF_2, [512, False]] # 13
 
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3
  - [-1, 2, C3k2_DFF_2, [256, False]] # 16 (P3/8-small)
 
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 13], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2_DFF_2, [512, False]] # 19 (P4/16-medium)
 
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5
  - [-1, 2, C3k2_DFF_2, [1024, True]] # 22 (P5/32-large)
 
  - [[16, 19, 22], 1, Detect, [nc]] # Detect(P3, P4, P5)

5 训练模型

import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
from ultralytics import YOLO
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    model = YOLO('YOLO11_DFF1.yaml')
    # model.load('yolo11n.pt') # loading pretrain weights
    model.train(data='dataset/data.yaml',
                cache=False,
                imgsz=640,
                epochs=300,
                batch=32,
                close_mosaic=0,
                workers=4, # Windows下出现莫名其妙卡主的情况可以尝试把workers设置为0
                # device='0',
                optimizer='SGD', # using SGD
                # patience=0, # set 0 to close earlystop.
                # resume=True, # 断点续训,YOLO初始化时选择last.pt
                # amp=False, # close amp
                # fraction=0.2,
                project='runs/train',
                name='exp',
                )