图像阈值
ret, dst = cv2.threshold(src, thresh, maxval, type)
- src: 输入图,只能输入单通道图像,通常来说为灰度图
- dst: 输出图
- thresh: 阈值
- maxval: 当像素值超过了阈值(或者小于阈值,根据type来决定),所赋予的值
type:二值化操作的类型,包含以下5种类型:
- cv2.THRESH_BINARY; 超过阈值部分取maxval(最大值),否则取0
- cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV; THRESH_BINARY的反转
- cv2.THRESH_TRUNC; 大于阈值部分设为阈值,否则不变
- cv2.THRESH_TOZERO; 大于阈值部分不改变,否则设为0
- cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV THRESH_TOZERO的反转
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
img_dog = cv2.imread("D:/WeChat.picture/cat.jpg",0)
ret ,thresh1 = cv2.threshold(img_dog,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
ret ,thresh2 = cv2.threshold(img_dog,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
ret ,thresh3 = cv2.threshold(img_dog,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TRUNC)
ret ,thresh4 = cv2.threshold(img_dog,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO)
ret ,thresh5 = cv2.threshold(img_dog,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV)
titles = ["Original Image", "BINARY" , "Binary_INV" , "TRUNC" , "TOZERO" ,"TOZERO_INV"]
images = [img_dog , thresh1 , thresh2 , thresh3 , thresh4 , thresh5 ]
for i in range(6):
plt.subplot(2 , 3 , i + 1), plt.imshow(images[i],"gray")
plt.title(titles[i])
plt.xticks([]) , plt.yticks([])
plt.show()
图像平滑
图像平滑也就是常说的滤波操作,这里介绍了:均值、方框、高斯、中值四种滤波方法。
import cv2
img = cv2.imread("D:/WeChat.picture/lena.jpg")
cv2.imshow("img",img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
均值滤波
# 简单的平均卷积操作
blur = cv2.blur(img,(3,3)) # cv2.blur均值滤波的操作 两个参数 第一个: 图像数据 第二个:
cv2.imshow("blur",blur)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
方框滤波
# 基本和均值一样,可以选择归一化,容易越界
box = cv2.boxFilter(img ,-1 ,(3,3) ,normalize = True) # 当发生越界时,其做法 与 均值滤波 基本一致
cv2.imshow("box",box)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
# 方框滤波
# 基本和均值一样,可以选择归一化,容易越界
box = cv2.boxFilter(img ,-1 ,(3,3) ,normalize =False ) # 当发生越界时, 即False时 方阵相乘再相加 时 越界了(255)
# 越界时 视为 255
cv2.imshow("box",box)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
高斯滤波
# 高斯模糊的卷积核里的数值是满足高斯分布,相当于更重视中间的
aussian = cv2.GaussianBlur(img,(5,5,),1)
cv2.imshow("aussian",aussian)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
高斯滤波的思想为:高斯函数,距离原点越近,权重越大。
中值滤波
# 相当于用中值代替 如 (12 43 45 65 67 79 244 3432 ...) 取中间值
median = cv2.medianBlur(img,5)
cv2.imshow("median",median)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
# 展示所有的
import numpy as np
res =np.hstack((blur , aussian , median)) #res =np.hstack((blur , aussian , median))
cv2.imshow("median vs average",res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()