PCIe功耗控制--ASPM

上一节PCIe功耗控制–Legacy PCI Compatible PM
讲了软件参与的功耗控制（OSPM），本次讲PCIe引入的硬件自动功耗控制。

ASPM

Active State Power Management (ASPM)是只有在D0下才可以实施的硬件自动功耗控制，其进出过程都是由硬件自动触发，软件只能使能或关闭该功能，而无法介入控制过程。ASPM定义了2个低功耗状态

• L0s (standby state) — This state provide substantial power savings but still
  allows quick entry and exit latencies. The main way this is done is by putting
  the Transmitter into the Electrical Idle condition. Support for this state
  was previously required for all PCIe devices in the earlier spec versions, but
  in the 3.0 spec it became optional.
• L1 ASPM — The goal for L1 is to achieve greater power conservation than
  L0s for situations where longer entry and exit latencies are acceptable. For
  example, in this state both Transmitters go into Electrical Idle at the same
  time.

Electrical Idle

When a Transmitter’s differential signals (TxD+ and TxD‐) goes into the Electrical Idle condition, it stops signaling and instead holds its voltage very close to the common mode voltage with a differential voltage of 0 V. Signal transitions consume power, so stopping them on the Link gives power savings while s