英语学习详细笔记（十八）连接词

连接词

1，连接词的作用：连接单字、片语或子句

例：Splendid! The dancers splayed and did splits.

She was two-timed by her boyfriend.劈腿

Do you write with your right hand or you left hand?

I always rely on him when i am in trouble.

连接词的种类

1，对等连接词：连接同词性单字、片语、子句

①and(和，并且，那么)

Being a college student and studying at college are two different things.当个大学生和在大学里求学是两回事。

We can have breather fresh air and enjoy beautiful scenery. 我们可以呼吸新鲜空气和享受美丽的风景

Go straight, and you will see the restauraut on your right.直直走，那么你会看到那家餐厅在你的右手边

*on the right在右边，in the right正确的

②but(但是)

The little girl fell down but (she) didn't cry.那小女孩跌倒了，但没有哭

My parents agree to let me go out with you, but they ask me to come home before 12:00. 我爹妈答应让我跟你出去，但是他们要求我必须在12点回家。

③or(或者，否则)

What would you perfer, coffee or tea? 你较喜欢哪一种，咖啡或茶？

You can turn coal into diamonds or (you can turn) sand into computer chips.你可将碳转变成钻石或是将沙子转变成电脑晶片。

*将A转换为B，turn A into B

The book fair must be held, or the books won't be sold out in a week.书展一定要办，否则这些书无法在一周内卖完。

*祈使句，(and那么)/(or否则) + S + V + ...

Go to the shop at once, or it will be closed.

Go to that book store, and you'll find foreign books.

④so(所以)，只能连接两子句，s+v..., so+s+v...

Some people never think of the future, so they only use things once and throw them away.有些人不曾想过未来，所以他们东西只用一次就丢弃

We share this world, so each of us has to do our part.我们共享这个世界，所以我们每个人都必须各尽本份

*对等连接词，both...and(...和...两者都), not only...but also(不仅...而且), either...or...(不是...就是)

She hopes both to lose weight and shape us by jogging.她希望借由慢跑减重和塑形。hope + to V

He not only broke the machine, but (also) put the blame on me.(but put the blame on me as well)他不仅弄坏机器，还把过错推到我头上。

You can pay either in cash or by check.现金或支票

Both French and German are spoken in this region.

Not only i but also they are angry with you.

Either you or i am (in the) right.

Neither my mother nor i was listening to the new in TV.

Mr.Wang as well as the students was late for class.

2，从属连接词，一连接两子句，二引导名词子句或副词子句

①名词子句，由that或whether/if引导，当S、C、O

I know (her name名词)/(that she is Cathy名词子句).

②副词子句，由when(当...时候), if(假如，如果)...等连接词引导，和一般的副词一样，表时间、条件等

It snows (in winter时间，副词)/(when winter comes副词子句).

*特别注意副词子句的时态      主要子句     副词子句

名词子句依时间表现时态        现在式         现在式

                                                过去式        过去式

                                                未来式        现在式

I don't know [if my parents will come back home tomorrow].名词子句

If my parent come back home tomorrow, i'll call you up.

子句

1，名词子句，that + S + V 

①当主词

She will come.

It is almost certain.

[That she will come] is almost certain.

It is almost certain that she will come.常用句

[That the world's climate is getting hotter] is beyond any doubt.不容质疑

It is beyond any doubt that the world's climate is getting hotter.

②当补语，放be动词后当主词补语，that不可忽略

The trouble is that i have no money with me.麻烦的事是我身上没有钱。

③当受词，放一般动词后当受词，that可省略

He says (that) he is thinking of moving his office from XX to XX.他说他正在考虑将办公室从XX搬到XX去。

I can't believe (that) he has made the same mistake three times. 我真不敢相信他已经犯了三次相同的错误。

*若有and, but...等连接词连接两that子句，第一个that可省略，第二个that不可省略

Mother said (that) you stayed home and that you had to do all housework. 两that代表that后的事情都是妈妈所说，若第二个that省略，表后面事情不是妈妈说。

④当同位语，a rumor that + S + V 及 news that + S + V 中的that子句和a rumor/news为同位语

I heard the news that a new student would join our class.

2，名词子句if/whether+主词+动词

①当主词

[Whether he will come or not] makes no differene.

It makes no difference he will com (or not).

②当补语

The question is whether i should buy it or rent it.

③当受词，whether+s+v当受词可等于if+s+v

He asked me if/whether it would be fine tomorrow. ask(问) + O(人) + O(事) 授与V

3，表示[时间]的副词子句，由after, as, before, since, until, till, when, while, as soon as等

*注意时态

After i tell you the answer, please repeat them after me loudly.

It is a custom to take off the shoes before you going into a Chinese man's house.在进中国人的屋子前先脱掉鞋子是个习俗。

Heat the cookies at 350 degrees until they turn light brown.以350度来加热饼干直到呈现淡棕色。

When you take medicine, be sure to follow the doctor's directions below.当你吃药时，务必遵照下述医师的指示。

While i was sleeping, there was noise outside.

There was noise outside while i was sleeping.

*while所引导的从属子句常使用进行时

4，表示[地点]的副词子句，由where引导

Where there is a will意志, there is a way.

Put it back where it was.

5，表示原因，理由的副词子句，由because, since, as引导

语句强弱的顺序，because>since>as

*because和so不可同时出现

Because i was exhausted, i didn't go.因为我非常累了，所以我没去

I didn't go because i was exhausted.

I was exhausted, so i didn't go.

I always like to buy cakes in that bakery because the are 20% off after eight in the evening.我总是喜欢到那家面包店买蛋糕，因为晚上8点后打8折。

We ate lunch in the garden since it was nice and cool outside.因为室外天气宜人凉爽，我们在花园吃午餐。

There are few sutdents on the bus as it is sunday today.因为今天是星期天，公车上几乎没有学生。

*下列情况必用because

Why is he absent? Because he is ill.

He is absent not because he is busy but because he is ill.

6，表示条件的副词子句，if(如果)

If you keep eating fast food, you'll taste the bitter fruits.如果你继续吃速食，不久将尝到苦果

7，表让步的副词子句，though, although, whether or not

Though XX is small, i love it. After all, it is my homeland.

XX is small, but i love it, After all, it is my homeland.

*as(虽然)，形/副/(前无冠词) 名+ as +S+V..., S+V...

Although she is a teacher, she isn't patient with children.

Teacher as she is, she isn't patient...

Whether it rains or not, the final game will be played.

8，表示结果、目的的副词子句，so...that...，so that...

(beV) so (形) that, (V) so (副) that

It was so heavy that we couldn't move it.

It was too heavy for us to move (it). 不定式的受词与主词一致时，受词省略

It was (so cool a hairstyle)/(such a cool hairstyle) that i want to imitate it.