C#成神之路<12> C#数组

1、数组的定义

语法规范：

typeSpecifier[] arrayName=new typeSpecifier [numberOfEleements];

(1)数组元素和数组索引
数组在内存中连续使用n个字节数。
数组索引是数组中特定元素的位置。

(2)N-1规则
数组允许的最高索引比数组元素数量少一。
比如：size=myData.Length;
是对数组大小的检测。

示例程序:字母计数
在文本框中输入几个句子，计算每个字母在文本中出现的次数，不需要关注标点符号空格数字和大小写。

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
public class frmMain : Form
{
    private const int MAXLETTERS = 26;
    private const int MAXCHAR = MAXLETTERS - 1;
    private const int LETTER = 65;

    private Label label1;
    private TextBox txtInput;
    private Button btnCalc;
    private Button btnClose;
    private Label label2;
    private Label label3;
    private ListBox lstOutput;
    #region Windows code
    private void InitializeComponent()
    {
            this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
            this.txtInput = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this.btnCalc = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.btnClose = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
            this.label3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
            this.lstOutput = new System.Windows.Forms.ListBox();
            this.SuspendLayout();
            // 
            // label1
            // 
            this.label1.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.Fixed3D;
            this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(38, 24);
            this.label1.Name = "label1";
            this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(473, 23);
            this.label1.TabIndex = 0;
            this.label1.Text = "Enter letters";
            this.label1.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.TopCenter;
            // 
            // txtInput
            // 
            this.txtInput.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
            this.txtInput.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(38, 65);
            this.txtInput.Multiline = true;
            this.txtInput.Name = "txtInput";
            this.txtInput.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(473, 116);
            this.txtInput.TabIndex = 1;
            // 
            // btnCalc
            // 
            this.btnCalc.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(38, 205);
            this.btnCalc.Name = "btnCalc";
            this.btnCalc.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(120, 23);
            this.btnCalc.TabIndex = 2;
            this.btnCalc.Text = "Calculate";
            this.btnCalc.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
            this.btnCalc.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btnCalc_Click);
            // 
            // btnClose
            // 
            this.btnClose.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(384, 205);
            this.btnClose.Name = "btnClose";
            this.btnClose.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(127, 23);
            this.btnClose.TabIndex = 3;
            this.btnClose.Text = "Close";
            this.btnClose.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
            this.btnClose.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btnClose_Click);
            // 
            // label2
            // 
            this.label2.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.Fixed3D;
            this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(38, 252);
            this.label2.Name = "label2";
            this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(120, 23);
            this.label2.TabIndex = 4;
            this.label2.Text = "Letter";
            this.label2.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.TopCenter;
            // 
            // label3
            // 
            this.label3.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.Fixed3D;