设计模式 - 组合模式(Composite)

Composite模式将对象组合成树形结构以表示“部分-整体”的层次结构。它使得用户对单个对象和组合对象的使用具有一致性。
类图：

案例：
一个类使用两个几乎一样的方法，唯一不同的区别就是用一个处理单一对象，一个处理对象的集合。Composite模式可以处理这种一/多之分。
下面的代码是统计每个员工的成本和每个部门的成本(假设成本是员工的工资)，通过重构技术实现Composite模式：
Step 1: 原始的类代码

public class Employee {
    private int employId;
    private String name;
    private int salary;
    public Employee(int employId, String name, int salary) {
        this.employId = employId;
        this.name = name;
        this.salary = salary;
    }
    public int payment() {
        return salary;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public int getEmployId() {
        return employId;
    }
}

public class Department {
    private String name;
    private Set<Employee> employees = new HashSet<Employee>();
    public Department(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int totalPayment() {
        int results = 0;
        Iterator<Employee> iter = employees.iterator();
        while(iter.hasNext()) {
            Employee ele = iter.next();
            results += ele.payment();
        }
        return results;
    }
    public void add(Employee employee) {
        employees.add(employee);
    }
    public void remove(Employee employee) {
        employees.remove(employee);
    }
}

Step 2: 将Department的totalPayment方法重命名为payment (Rename Method), 然后抽取父类(Extract Superclass)，上移方法(Pull up Method).

public abstract class Party {
    private String name;
    public Party(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public abstract int payment(); 
        public void add(Party party) {
        //hook method
    }
    public void remove(Party party) {
        //hook method
    }
}

public class Employee extends Party {
    private int employId;
    private int salary;
    public Employee(int employId, String name, int salary) {
        super(name);
        this.employId = employId;
        this.salary = salary;
    }
    public int payment() {
        return salary;
    }
    public int getEmployId() {
        return employId;
    }
}

public class Department extends Party {
    private Set<Party> parties = new HashSet<Party>();
    public Department(String name) {
        super(name);
    }
    public int payment() {
        int results = 0;
        Iterator<Party> iter = parties.iterator();
        while(iter.hasNext()) {
            Party ele = iter.next();
            results += ele.payment();
        }
        return results;
    }
    public void add(Party party) {
        parties.add(party);
    }
    public void remove(Party party) {
        parties.remove(party);
    }
}

客户代码

public class PartyTest {
    @Test
    public void testPayment() {
        Party  emp1 = new Employee(1, "Allen",10000);
        Party  emp2 = new Employee(2, "Sunny", 20000);
        Party  sales = new Department("Sales");
        sales.add(emp1);
        sales.add(emp2);
        assertEquals("payment of sales is 30000", 30000, sales.payment());

        Party  emp3 = new Employee(3, "Sam", 30000);
        Party  emp4 = new Employee(4, "Grace", 40000);
        Party  development = new Department("Development");
        development.add(emp3);
        development.add(emp4);
        assertEquals("payment of development is 70000", 70000, development.payment());

        Party sz = new Department("Shenzhen");
        sz.add(sales);
        sz.add(new Employee(1, "Erik", 40000));
        sz.add(development);
        assertEquals("payment of Shenzhen is 140000", 140000, sz.payment());
    }
}