glFrustum(),glOrtho(),gluPerspective()的实例

opengl 中投影有两种：透视投影 和 正投影

1. 透视投影 ：(视景体为棱台，产生的3d图像更具真实感)

glFrustum(GLdouble left,GLdouble right,GLdouble bottom,GLdouble top,GLdouble near,GLdouble far):

left , right , bottom , top这四个参数为剪裁面的范围，near为近平面的值，far 为远平面的值。（near 和far只能取正值）

gluPerspective(GLdouble fovy,GLdouble aspect,GLdouble near,GLdouble far):

fovy为视角大小，aspect为屏幕的width/height ，near 为近平面的值，far 为远平面的值。（near和far也只能取正）

2. 正投影：（视景体为长方体或正方体，真实感不及透视投影）

glOrtho(GLdouble left,GLdouble right,GLdouble bottom,GLdouble top,GLdouble near,GLdouble far):

left , right , bottom , top这四个参数为剪裁面的范围，near为近平面的值，far 为远平面的值。

实例：glFrustum()

#include<windows.h>
#include<GL/gl.h>
#include<GL/glu.h>
#include<GL/glut.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

GLfloat width=600,height=600;

void myInit(void)
{
    glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0);
}
void idle(void)
{
    glutPostRedisplay();
}
void display()
{
    GLfloat a=glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME);
    a/=20.0;
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluLookAt(0.0,150.0,300.0,0.0,0,0.0,0.0,1.0,0.0);
    glPushMatrix();
        glRotatef(a,1.0,0.0,0.0);
        glRotatef(a,0.0,1.0,0.0);
        glutWireSphere(150.0,15,15);
    glPopMatrix();
    glutSwapBuffers();
}
void changeSize(int w,int h)
{
    glViewport(0,0,(GLsizei)w,(GLsizei)h);
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    glFrustum(-20.0,20.0,-20.0,20.0,20.0,550.0);
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
}
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
    glutInit(&argc,argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_DEPTH|GLUT_RGB);
    glutInitWindowPosition(300,100);
    glutInitWindowSize(width,height);
    glutCreateWindow("glFrustum test");

    myInit();
    glutDisplayFunc(display);
    glutReshapeFunc(changeSize);
    glutIdleFunc(idle);
    glutMainLoop();
    return 0;
}

实例：gluPerspective()

#include<windows.h>
#include<GL/gl.h>
#include<GL/glu.h>
#include<GL/glut.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

GLfloat width=600,height=600;
GLfloat x=180.0,y=180.0,z=180.0;
GLfloat xRotate=0.0f,yRotate=0.0f;

void myInit(void)
{
    glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0);
}

void drawAxis()
{
    glColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0);
glPushMatrix();
    glBegin(GL_LINES);
        glVertex3f(-x,0,0);
        glVertex3f(x,0,0);
        glVertex3f(0,-y,0);
        glVertex3f(0,y,0);
        glVertex3f(0,0,-z);
        glVertex3f(0,0,z);
    glEnd();
    glPointSize(5.0);
    glBegin(GL_POINTS);
        glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
        glVertex3f(x,0,0);
        glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0);
        glVertex3f(0,y,0);
        glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0);
        glVertex3f(0,0,z);
    glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
}

void display()
{
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluLookAt(0.0,150.0,300.0,0.0,0,0.0,0.0,1.0,0.0);
    glPushMatrix();
        glRotated(xRotate,1.0,0.0,0.0);
        glRotated(yRotate,0.0,1.0,0.0);
        glutWireCube(100);
        drawAxis();
    glPopMatrix();
    glFlush();
}
void specialKey(int key,int x,int y)
{
    if(key==GLUT_KEY_UP){
        xRotate-=5.0f;
    }else if(key==GLUT_KEY_DOWN){
        xRotate+=5.0f;
    }else if(key==GLUT_KEY_LEFT){
        yRotate-=5.0f;
    }else if(key==GLUT_KEY_RIGHT){
        yRotate+=5.0f;
    }
    glutPostRedisplay();
}
void changeSize(int w,int h)
{
    glViewport(0,0,(GLsizei)w,(GLsizei)h);
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluPerspective(80,width/height,0,200.0);
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glLoadIdentity();
}
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
    glutInit(&argc,argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB);
    glutInitWindowPosition(300,100);
    glutInitWindowSize(width,height);
    glutCreateWindow("gluPerspective test");

    myInit();
    glutDisplayFunc(display);
    glutReshapeFunc(changeSize);
    glutSpecialFunc(specialKey);
    glutMainLoop();
    return 0;
}

实例：glOrtho()

#include<windows.h>
#include<GL/gl.h>
#include<GL/glu.h>
#include<GL/glut.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
GLfloat width=600,height=600;
void myInit(void)
{
    glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0);
}
void idle(void)
{
    glutPostRedisplay();
}
void display()
{
    GLfloat a=glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME);
    a/=20.0;
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0);
    glPushMatrix();
        glRotatef(a,1.0,0.0,0.0);
        glRotatef(a,0.0,1.0,0.0);
        glutWireSphere(60,15,15);
    glPopMatrix();
    glutSwapBuffers();
}
void changeSize(int w,int h)
{
    glViewport(0,0,w,h);
    GLfloat rate=w/h;
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glLoadIdentity();
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    glOrtho(-300*rate,300*rate,-300,300,-300,300);
}
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
    glutInit(&argc,argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB|GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_DEPTH);
    glutInitWindowPosition(300,100);
    glutInitWindowSize(width,height);
    glutCreateWindow("glortho test");


    myInit();
    glutDisplayFunc(display);
    glutReshapeFunc(changeSize);
    glutIdleFunc(idle);
    glutMainLoop();
    return 0;
}