电机方面知识归纳

  1. 弱磁Id为什么要等于0

    PMSM的机械结构分为3种,SM-PMSM, I-PMSM,第二个又分为2种,具体机械结构不多说了,主要是它们的磁路设计有区别,从而造成表帖磁钢(SM-PMSM)的其Lq=Ld,而内嵌磁钢(I-PMSM)的Ld < Lq,这个特性会造成软件算法的区别,一般的资料上介绍对于单纯的FOC算法,需要使Id = 0,也就是说直轴电流为0,这时马达的特性接近直流电机,可以按直流电机算法控制,如果需要加弱磁控制的话,需要附加-Id电流,是电机克服马达本身磁阻扭矩,使得速度达到额定速度以上,当然这些也同时丧失了交轴电流扭矩,从而造成转矩下降。但是这些是理论的算法,一般的马达本身远比这些复杂的多,所以不可能达到这些条件。对于SM-PMSM的电机,近似可以使用Id = 0的算法实现。

  2. 环路调节 

    由里到外,由快到慢。由里到外就是说先调内环,再调外环,一般内环是快环,外环一般是慢环,比如电流环为内环,其频率一般到10-50KHZ,速度环,转矩环或者位置环为外环一般为10HZ-10KHZ,因为这是闭环控制特性决定的,自控原理中是这样讲的,内环必须完全响应外环的改变,如果反过来,系统势必不稳定或者较大震荡。

  3. 不同的速度PID

    针对不同的速度闭环,其PID参数都要做相应的调整,应该根据实验结果,做好记录,最后在程序里面体现出来,可以做几个速度段的PID参数对应表,当然越详细越好了

  4. 最低的平稳转速与哪些参数相关
    1. 电流环和速度环的PID参数是否合适,电流环的响应速度,速度环的响应速度,位置环的响应速
    2. 马达的极对数,决定了马达可以到达的最低物理转速。有编码器那就更佳了。
  5. 程序中有没有驱动电路工作状态检测?比如程序可以探测到MOS管损坏或电机短路?

    6个硬件保护功能。分别是单相过流(正反向电流)保护、母线过流(正反向电流)保护、刹车过流(正反向电流)保护、母线过压保护,母线欠压保护,温度过高保护

  6. BLDC无刷直流电机的UVW如何和霍尔信号线对应起来

                                          

  7. 电机霍尔检测原理

    BLDC的霍尔接入定时器的CH1、2、3,然后使用HALL的功能,也就是3个异或再进行检测

                                         

  8. 永磁电机结构
    • 表贴式 PMSM(缩写为 SM-PMSM),该结构将磁铁置于电机表面;
    • 内嵌式 PMSM(缩写为 I-PMSM),该结构将磁铁嵌入到了转子结构中。
  9. 频率f和转速n 

    频率是做圆周运动的物体在1s内转过的圈数,单位是r/s,即Hz。电机的运动为圆周运动。转速是做圆周运动的物体在单位时间内转过的圈数,其单位是r/min或r/s。 频率结果可为小数,而转速一般为整数。如果单位均为r/s,则频率和转速在数值上相等。
    电机中频率和转速的关系: n = 60f / p (转速n的单位是rpm,f 的单位是 Hz,p为极对数)    
    如:电机转速就是2000rpm,当电机极对数 p=4时,算出来频率 f= 400/3,从而周期 T = 3/400=0.0075s

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This manual describes the X-CUBE-MCSDK and X-CUBE-MCSDK-FUL STM32 motor control software development kits (SDKs) designed for, and to be used with, STM32 microcontrollers. The SDKs contain a software library that implements the field oriented control (FOC) drive of 3-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), both surface mounted (SMPMSM) and interior (I-PMSM). The STM32 family of 32-bit Flash microcontrollers is specifically developed for embedded applications. It is based on the following ARM® Cortex®-M cores: the Cortex®-M0 for the STM32F0, the Cortex®-M3 for the STM32F1 and STM32F2, and the Cortex®-M4 for the STM32F3, STM32F4 and STM32L4, and the Cortex®-M7 for the STM32F7. These microcontrollers combine high performance with first-class peripherals that make them suitable for performing three-phase motor FOC. The PMSM FOC library can be used to quickly evaluate ST microcontrollers, to complete ST application platforms, and to save time when developing motor control algorithms to be run on ST microcontrollers. It is written in the C language, and implements the core motor control algorithms, as well as sensor reading/decoding algorithms and sensor-less algorithms for rotor position reconstruction. This library can be easily configured to make use of the STM32F30x's embedded advanced analog peripherals (fast comparators and programmable gain amplifiers (PGAs)) for current sensing and protection, thus simplifying application boards. When deployed with the STM32F103 (Flash memory from 256 Kbytes to 1Mbyte), STM32F303 or STM32F4 devices, the library allows two motors to be driven simultaneously. The library can be customized to suit user application parameters (motor, sensors, power stage, control stage, pin-out assignment) and provides a ready-to-use application programming interface (API). A PC graphical user interface (GUI), the ST motor control workbench, allows complete and easy customization of the PMSM FOC library. Thanks to this, the user can run a PMSM motor in a very short time. A set of ready-to-use examples is provided to explain the use of the motor control API and its most commonly used features. These projects usually provide a UART interface that allows convenient real-time fine-tuning of the motor control subsystem with a remote control tool, the STM32 motor control monitor. The STM32 motor control SDK is delivered as an expansion pack for the STM32 CubeMX tool, and the PMSM FOC library is based on the STM32 Cube Firmware libraries. The list of supported STM32 microcontrollers is provided in the release note delivered with the SDK.

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