周期函数的傅里叶级数展开
周期函数
周期函数表达式为:
f(x) = f(x + kT) (k = 1,2,3…)
如果该周期函数满足狄利赫里条件,那么该周期可以展开为傅里叶级数:
f
(
t
)
=
a
0
2
+
∑
n
=
1
∞
(
a
n
cos
(
n
ω
1
t
)
+
b
n
sin
(
n
ω
1
t
)
)
f(t) = \frac{a_{0}}{2} + \sum_{n=1}^\infty(a_{n}\cos{(n\omega_{1}t)}+b_{n}\sin{(n\omega_{1}t)})
f(t)=2a0+n=1∑∞(ancos(nω1t)+bnsin(nω1t))
其中傅里叶系数计算如下:
a
0
2
=
1
T
∫
t
0
t
0
+
T
f
(
t
)
d
t
\frac{a_{0}}{2} = \frac{1}{T}\int_{t_{0}}^{t_{0}+T }{f(t)dt}
2a0=T1∫t0t0+Tf(t)dt
a
n
=
2
T
∫
t
0
t
0
+
T
f
(
t
)
cos
n
ω
1
t
d
t
a_{n} = \frac{2}{T}\int_{t_{0}}^{t_{0}+T}{f(t)\cos{n\omega_{1}tdt}}
an=T2∫t0t0+Tf(t)cosnω1tdt
b
n
=
2
T
∫
t
0
t
0
+
T
f
(
t
)
sin
n
ω
1
t
d
t
b_{n} = \frac{2}{T}\int_{t_{0}}^{t_{0}+T}{f(t)\sin{n\omega_{1}tdt}}
bn=T2∫t0t0+Tf(t)sinnω1tdt
方波信号的傅里叶级数展开
常见方波信号有两种,第一种表达式为:
f
(
t
)
=
{
U
k
T
≤
t
≤
(
k
T
+
T
/
2
)
0
(
k
T
+
T
/
2
)
≤
t
≤
(
k
T
+
T
)
f(t) = \begin{cases} U &\text{} kT\le t \le (kT+{T}/{2}) \\ 0 &\text{}(kT+ {T}/{2}) \le t \le (kT + T) \end{cases}
f(t)={U0kT≤t≤(kT+T/2)(kT+T/2)≤t≤(kT+T)
则方波信号得傅里叶级数展开得系数为:
a
0
2
=
1
T
∫
k
T
k
T
+
T
/
2
U
d
t
=
U
2
\frac{a_{0}}{2} = \frac{1}{T} \int_{kT}^{kT+T/2}Udt = \frac{U}{2}
2a0=T1∫kTkT+T/2Udt=2U
a
n
=
2
T
∫
k
T
k
T
+
T
/
2
U
c
o
s
(
n
ω
1
t
)
d
t
=
2
U
T
n
ω
1
[
s
i
n
(
n
ω
1
t
)
]
∣
t
=
k
T
t
=
k
T
+
T
/
2
=
U
n
π
[
sin
(
2
n
k
π
+
n
π
)
−
sin
(
2
n
k
π
)
]
=
0
a_{n} = \frac{2}{T}\int_{kT}^{kT+T/2}Ucos(n\omega_{1}t)dt \\ =\frac{2U}{Tn\omega_{1}}[sin(n\omega_1t)]|_{t = kT}^{t = kT+T/2} \\ =\frac{U}{n\pi}[\sin{(2n k\pi+n\pi)} -\sin{(2nk\pi)}]= 0
an=T2∫kTkT+T/2Ucos(nω1t)dt=Tnω12U[sin(nω1t)]∣t=kTt=kT+T/2=nπU[sin(2nkπ+nπ)−sin(2nkπ)]=0
其中,
ω
1
=
2
π
f
1
\omega_1 = 2\pi f_1
ω1=2πf1。
ω
1
\omega_1
ω1为基波角频率,
f
1
f_1
f1为基波频率。n和k均为整数。
b
n
=
2
U
n
π
b_{n} = \frac{2U}{n\pi}
bn=nπ2U
所以方波函数的傅里叶展开式为:
f
(
t
)
=
U
2
+
2
U
π
∑
n
=
1
∞
1
n
sin
2
π
f
1
t
f(t) = \frac{U}{2} + \frac{2U}{\pi}\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{\frac{1}{n} \sin{2\pi f_{1}t}}
f(t)=2U+π2Un=1∑∞n1sin2πf1t
式中:f1 为周期函数的频率。
第二种常见方波表达式为:
f
(
t
)
=
{
U
k
T
≤
t
≤
(
k
T
+
a
2
)
−
U
(
k
T
+
a
2
)
≤
t
≤
(
k
T
+
a
)
f(t) = \begin{cases} U &\text{} kT\le t \le (kT+\frac{a}{2}) \\ -U &\text{}(kT+ \frac{a}{2}) \le t \le (kT + a) \end{cases}
f(t)={U−UkT≤t≤(kT+2a)(kT+2a)≤t≤(kT+a)
则方波信号得傅里叶级数展开得系数为:
a
0
2
=
0
\frac{a_{0}}{2} = 0
2a0=0
a
n
=
0
a_{n} = 0
an=0
b
n
=
4
U
n
π
b_{n} = \frac{4U}{n\pi}
bn=nπ4U
所以方波函数的傅里叶展开式为:
f
(
t
)
=
4
U
π
∑
n
=
1
∞
1
n
sin
2
π
f
1
t
f(t) = \frac{4U}{\pi}\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}{\frac{1}{n} \sin{2\pi f_{1}t}}
f(t)=π4Un=1∑∞n1sin2πf1t
式中:f1 为周期函数的频率。