[Unity 代码写法整理]状态模式(二)

1.状态抽象类AbstractState

public abstract class AbstractState
{
    public abstract void OnChangeState();
}

为了简单 只写一个抽象方法，在状态改变时触发

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2.状态实现类IdleState

public class IdleState : AbstractState
{
    public override void OnChangeState()
    {
        Debug.Log("静止动作");
    }
}

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3.状态实现类MoveState

public class MoveState : AbstractState
{
    public override void OnChangeState()
    {
        Debug.Log("移动动作");
    }
}

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4.状态实现类NoneState

public class NoneState : AbstractState
{
    public override void OnChangeState
    {
        //Do Something
    }
}

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5.状态枚举StateEnum

public enum StateEnum
{
    Idle,
    Move,
    None,
}

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6.状态机StateMachine

public class StateMachine
{
    //用于保存枚举和状态实例
    private Dictionary<StateEnum,AbstractState> stateDic;

    //用于保存前一个状态枚举
    public StateEnum prevStateEnum = StateEnum.None;

    //用于保存当前状态枚举
    public StateEnum currentStateEnum = StateEnum.None;

    //用于保存当前状态
    private AbstractState currentState;
    
    public StateMachine()
    {
        Init();
    }

    private void Init()
    {
        if(stateDic == null)
        {
            stateDic = new Dictionary<StateEnum,AbstractState>();
            stateDic.Add(StateEnum.None, new NoneState());
            stateDic.Add(StateEnum.Idle, new IdleState());
            stateDic.Add(StateEnum.Move, new MoveState());
        }      
    }

    public void ChangeState(StateEnum state)
    {
        if(currentStateEnum != StateEnum.None)
        {
            prevStateEnum = currentState;
        }
        currentState = GetState(state);
        currentStateEnum = state;
        currentState.OnChangeState();
    }

    //如果需要连续撤回多次 则使用栈或者列表存储 根据需求而定
    public void ChangeToPrevious()
    {
        if(prevStateEnum != StateEnum.None)
        {
            currentStateEnum = prevStateEnum;
            prevStateEnum = StateEnum.None;
        }
        currentState = GetState(currentStateEnum);
        currentState.OnChangeState();
    }

    private AbstractState GetState(StateEnum state)
    {
        if(stateDic.ContainsKey(state))
        {
            return stateDic[state];
        }
        throw new Exception("Cannot find state");
        return null;
    }
}

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7.使用实例

class Player
{
    private StateMachine stateMachine;
    
    public Player()
    {
        stateMachine = new StateMachine();
    }

    //按键按下时
    public void OnKeyDown()
    {
        stateMachine.ChangeState(StateEnum.Move);
    }
    
    //按键抬起时
    public void OnKeyUp()
    {
        stateMachine.ChangeStatae(StateEnum.Idle);
    }
}

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状态模式最大的优势就是让代码的条理变得清晰，以状态机的状态管理逻辑作为依托，实现状态的稳定切换。