ESPNet: Efficient Spatial Pyramid of Dilated Convolutions for Semantic Segmentation(自动驾驶领域轻量级模型)

ESPNet是一种高效的空间金字塔卷积模块,适用于轻量级语义分割任务,尤其适合移动端。模型包括Efficient spatial pyramid和HFF模块,通过1x1卷积降低维度并使用空洞卷积扩大感受野。HFF模块解决了空洞卷积的gridding artifacts问题。在参数量少的情况下,ESPNet在VOC数据集上表现出色。
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主要思想

基于传统卷积模块设计,提出一种高效空间金字塔卷积模块(ESP Module),有助于减小模型运算量和内存、功率消耗,以提高在终端设备上的适用性。这款模型和MobileNet系列、ShuffNet系列相似,都是轻量级模型,可以部署到移动端。

模型具体结构

如下图所示,模型主要有两个模块构成,一个是Efficient spatial pyramid模块,一个是HFF模块。
在这里插入图片描述

Efficient spatial pyramid

这个部分由两个子部分构成,前面部分是逐点卷积,就是采用K个1x1xM的小卷积核对原图进行卷积操作,1x1卷积的作用其实就是为了降低维度,这样就可以减少参数,这也是轻量级模型的思路。后面的部分是空洞卷积,即在没有进行下采样(pooling)的操作下,扩大感受野。使用不同膨胀率的卷积核,可以得到不同感受野下的feature,这一点有点类似金字塔池化,所以这个模块也叫ESP。

参数计算

下面来计算下一共包含的参数,其实在效果上,以这种轻量级的网络作为backbone效果肯定不如那些重量级的,比如Resnet,但是在运行速度上有很大优势。

如上图所示,对Efficient spatial pyramid第一部分来说,d个1x1x

The field of 3D point cloud semantic segmentation has been rapidly growing in recent years, with various deep learning approaches being developed to tackle this challenging task. One such approach is the U-Next framework, which has shown promising results in enhancing the semantic segmentation of 3D point clouds. The U-Next framework is a small but powerful network that is designed to extract features from point clouds and perform semantic segmentation. It is based on the U-Net architecture, which is a popular architecture used in image segmentation tasks. The U-Next framework consists of an encoder and a decoder, with skip connections between them to preserve spatial information. One of the key advantages of the U-Next framework is its ability to handle large-scale point clouds efficiently. It achieves this by using a hierarchical sampling strategy that reduces the number of points in each layer, while still preserving the overall structure of the point cloud. This allows the network to process large-scale point clouds in a more efficient manner, which is crucial for real-world applications. Another important aspect of the U-Next framework is its use of multi-scale feature fusion. This involves combining features from different scales of the point cloud to improve the accuracy of the segmentation. By fusing features from multiple scales, the network is able to capture both local and global context, which is important for accurately segmenting complex 3D scenes. Overall, the U-Next framework is a powerful tool for enhancing the semantic segmentation of 3D point clouds. Its small size and efficient processing make it ideal for real-time applications, while its multi-scale feature fusion allows it to accurately segment complex scenes. As the field of 3D point cloud semantic segmentation continues to grow, the U-Next framework is likely to play an increasingly important role in advancing this area of research.
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