Google Earth Engine（GEE）——存档的NRT FIRMS全球VIIRS和MODIS火灾产品矢量数据

存档的NRT FIRMS全球VIIRS和MODIS矢量数据
可见光红外成像辐射仪套件（VIIRS）375米热异常/活动火情产品提供了来自NASA/NOAA索米国家极轨伙伴关系（索米NPP）和NOAA-20联合卫星上的VIIRS传感器的数据。375米数据是对中分辨率成像分光仪（MODIS）火灾探测的补充；它们在热点探测方面都显示出良好的一致性，但375米数据的空间分辨率提高，对相对较小区域的火灾有更大的反应，并提供了更好的大火周界图。375米的数据还具有更好的夜间性能。因此，这些数据很适合用于支持火灾管理（如近实时警报系统），以及其他需要提高火灾绘图保真度的科学应用。前言 – 人工智能教程

VIIRS NRT 375米活动火灾产品来自：Suomi NPP（VNP14IMGTDL_NRT）和NOAA-20，正式称为JPSS-1，（VJ114IMGTDL_NRT）。

备注¶
为了统一Suomi NPP的VIIRS文件名称，VIIRS NRT 375米产品的简称从VNP14IMGT改为VNP14IMGTDL_NRT（2016年4月18日）。
MODIS C61从2000年11月（针对Terra）和2002年7月（针对Aqua）至今都有。
VIIRS 375米的数据目前可从2012年1月20日到现在。
低可信度的夜间像素仅出现在东经11度至西经110度、北纬7度至南纬55度的地理区域。该区域描述了南大西洋磁异常的影响区域，该区域可能导致中红外通道I4的虚假亮度温度，从而导致潜在的假阳性警报。这些已从FIRMS分发的NRT数据中删除。
每一年的档案数据都被下载，并以shapefiles的形式摄入。你可以在这里下载档案资料：

Archive Download - NASA | LANCE | FIRMS

你可以在这里阅读更多关于MODIS产品的信息，以及VIIRS产品的信息。

参考文献

NRT VIIRS 375 m Active Fire product VJ114IMGTDL_NRT distributed from NASA FIRMS. Available on-line [https://earthdata.nasa.gov/firms]. doi: 10.5067/FIRMS/VIIRS/VJ114IMGT_NRT.002

NRT VIIRS 375 m Active Fire product VNP14IMGT distributed from NASA FIRMS. Available on-line [https://earthdata.nasa.gov/firms].  doi:10.5067/FIRMS/VIIRS/VNP14IMGT_NRT.002

MODIS Collection 61 NRT Hotspot / Active Fire Detections MCD14DL distributed from NASA FIRMS.Available on-line [https://earthdata.nasa.gov/firms]. 10.5067/FIRMS/MODIS/MCD14DL.NRT.0061

MODIS Collection 6 Hotspot / Active Fire Detections MCD14ML distributed from NASA FIRMS. Available on-line [https://earthdata.nasa.gov/firms]. doi: 10.5067/FIRMS/MODIS/MCD14ML

Attribute fields for NRT VIIRS 375 m active fire data distributed by FIRMS¶

Attribute	Short Description	Long Description
Latitude	Latitude	Center of nominal 375 m fire pixel
Longitude	Longitude	Center of nominal 375 m fire pixel
Bright_ti4	Brightness temperature I-4	VIIRS I-4 channel brightness temperature of the fire pixel measured in Kelvin.
Scan	Along Scan pixel size	The algorithm produces approximately 375 m pixels at nadir. Scan and track reflect actual pixel size.
Track	Along Track pixel size	The algorithm produces approximately 375 m pixels at nadir. Scan and track reflect actual pixel size.
Acq_Date	Acquisition Date	Date of VIIRS acquisition.
Acq_Time	Acquisition Time	Time of acquisition/overpass of the satellite (in UTC).
Satellite	Satellite	N= Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP), 1=NOAA-20 (designated JPSS-1 prior to launch)
Confidence	Confidence	This value is based on a collection of intermediate algorithm quantities used in the detection process. It is intended to help users gauge the quality of individual hotspot/fire pixels. Confidence values are set to low, nominal and high. Low confidence daytime fire pixels are typically associated with areas of sun glint and lower relative temperature anomaly (<15K) in the mid-infrared channel I4. Nominal confidence pixels are those free of potential sun glint contamination during the day and marked by strong (>15K) temperature anomaly in either day or nighttime data. High confidence fire pixels are associated with day or nighttime saturated pixels.
Version	Version (Collection and source)	Version identifies the collection (e.g. VIIRS Collection 1) and source of data processing: Near Real-Time (NRT suffix added to collection) or Standard Processing (collection only). "1.0NRT" - Collection 1 NRT processing, "1.0" - Collection 1 Standard processing
Bright_ti5	Brightness temperature I-5	I-5 Channel brightness temperature of the fire pixel measured in Kelvin.
FRP	Fire Radiative Power	FRP depicts the pixel-integrated fire radiative power in MW (megawatts). FRP depicts the pixel-integrated fire radiative power in MW (megawatts). Given the unique spatial and spectral resolution of the data, the VIIRS 375 m fire detection algorithm was customized and tuned in order to optimize its response over small fires while balancing the occurrence of false alarms. Frequent saturation of the mid-infrared I4 channel (3.55-3.93 µm) driving the detection of active fires requires additional tests and procedures to avoid pixel classification errors. As a result, sub-pixel fire characterization (e.g., fire radiative power [FRP] retrieval) is only viable across small and/or low-intensity fires. Systematic FRP retrievals are based on a hybrid approach combining 375 and 750 m data. In fact, starting in 2015 the algorithm incorporated additional VIIRS channel M13 (3.973-4.128 µm) 750 m data in both aggregated and unaggregated format.
DayNight	Day or Night	D= Daytime fire, N= Nighttime fire

Attribute fields for MCD14ML (standard quality) data active fire data distributed by FIRMS¶

Attribute	Short Description	Long Description
Latitude	Latitude	Center of 1km fire pixel but not necessarily the actual location of the fire as one or more fires can be detected within the 1km pixel.
Longitude	Longitude	Center of 1km fire pixel but not necessarily the actual location of the fire as one or more fires can be detected within the 1km pixel.
Brightness	Brightness temperature 21 (Kelvin)	Channel 21/22 brightness temperature of the fire pixel measured in Kelvin.
Scan	Along Scan pixel size	The algorithm produces 1km fire pixels but MODIS pixels get bigger toward the edge of scan. Scan and track reflect actual pixel size.
Track	Along Track pixel size	The algorithm produces 1km fire pixels but MODIS pixels get bigger toward the edge of scan. Scan and track reflect actual pixel size.
Acq_Date	Acquisition Date	Data of MODIS acquisition.
Acq_Time	Acquisition Time	Time of acquisition/overpass of the satellite (in UTC).
Satellite	Satellite	A = Aqua and T = Terra.
Confidence	Confidence (0-100%)	This value is based on a collection of intermediate algorithm quantities used in the detection process. It is intended to help users gauge the quality of individual hotspot/fire pixels. Confidence estimates range between 0 and 100% and are assigned one of the three fire classes (low-confidence fire, nominal-confidence fire, or high-confidence fire).
Version	Version (Collection and source)	Version identifies the collection (e.g. MODIS Collection 6) and source of data processing: Near Real-Time (NRT suffix added to collection) or Standard Processing (collection only). "6.1NRT" - Collection 61 NRT processing,  "6.1" - Collection 61 Standard processing
Bright_T31	Brightness temperature 31 (Kelvin)	Channel 31 brightness temperature of the fire pixel measured in Kelvin.
FRP	Fire Radiative Power (MW - megawatts)	Depicts the pixel-integrated fire radiative power in MW (megawatts).
Type*	Inferred hot spot type	0 = presumed vegetation fire,1 = active volcano, 2 = other static land source, 3 = offshore
DayNight	Day or Night	D= Daytime fire, N= Nighttime fire

Dataset structure¶

The MODIS and VIIRS yearly exports were ingested and names based on their years (MODIS 2000-2020) and (VIIRS 2012-2021)

MODIS Path: projects/sat-io/open-datasets/MODIS_MCD14DL/MCD14DL_YYYY Example Path: projects/sat-io/open-datasets/MODIS_MCD14DL/MCD14DL_2000

VIIRS Path: projects/sat-io/open-datasets/VIIRS/VNP14IMGTDL_NRT_YYYY Example Path: projects/sat-io/open-datasets/VIIRS/VNP14IMGTDL_NRT_2012

Earth Engine Snippet¶

Sample paths are provided for two years only change the year to get different years

var viirs_2012 = ee.FeatureCollection("projects/sat-io/open-datasets/VIIRS/VNP14IMGTDL_NRT_2012");
var modis_2012 = ee.FeatureCollection("projects/sat-io/open-datasets/MODIS_MCD14DL/MCD14DL_2012");

Sample code: https://code.earthengine.google.com/?scriptPath=users/sat-io/awesome-gee-catalog-examples:global-events-layers/ARCHIVAL-NRT-FIRMS-VIIRS-DATA

License¶

The FIRMS data is distributed under a license similar to Public domain license and distributed by Land, Atmosphere Near real-time Capability for EOS (LANCE) for Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS)

Acknowledgements¶

We acknowledge the use of data and/or imagery from NASA's Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) (Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) | Earthdata), part of NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS).

Created by: Land, Atmosphere Near real-time Capability for EOS (LANCE) for Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), NASA

Curated in GEE by : Samapriya Roy

Keywords: Archival fire, MODIS, VIIRS, Daytime, Nigh time, Thermal anomalies, FIRMS, LANCE, NASA, vector

Last updated: 2022-04-28

Last updated on GEE: 2022-04-28