CARVE: L2 Atmospheric Gas Concentrations, Airborne Flasks, Alaska, 2012-2015
简介
本数据集提供了北极碳储层脆弱性实验 (CARVE) 在阿拉斯加和加拿大北极地区进行的空中飞行活动所提供的大气二氧化碳 (CO2)、甲烷 (CH4)、一氧化碳 (CO)、氢分子 (H2)、氧化亚氮 (N2O)、六氟化硫 (SF6) 和其他微量气体的摩尔分数（即“浓度”）。CARVE 飞行活动于 2012 年至 2015 年 3 月至 11 月期间进行，旨在研究大气气体丰度的季节性和年际变化。数据来源于 CARVE 飞机上可编程烧瓶包 (PFP) 采集的空气样本的实验室测量结果。空气样本的采集间隔为战略性间隔，以配合感兴趣的地面站点上空飞行，或遇到有趣的地球物理条件时进行。虽然大多数样本是在行星边界层 (PBL) 地表附近采集的，但几乎每次飞行也会在自由对流层采集样本。每次飞行至少采集 12 个瓶装样本。在北极永久冻土带（PFP）采集的空气样本全部由位于科罗拉多州博尔德的美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）地球系统研究实验室（ESRL）全球监测部门的自动化系统进行分析，该部门还负责分析来自 NOAA/ESRL 全球温室气体参考网络的样本。该数据集中包含的测量数据对于理解北极碳循环的变化以及北极永久冻土融化带来的潜在威胁至关重要。
摘要
Table 1: CARVE file naming convention. Example file name: carve_Flask_L2_b23_20121001_20160807204049.nc
| Name element | Example value | Units |
| Project name | carve | |
| Instrument | Flask | |
| Processing level | L2 | |
| Build ID | b23 | |
| Flight date start | 20121001 | yyyymmdd |
| Processing date and time | 20160807204049 | yyyymmddhhmmss |
Data variables
Each file contains 14 geolocation and ancillary variables and 69 science measurement variables described in Table 2.
Table 2. Data variables in each netCDF file. Fill value or missing data were set to -999.9 for all variables.
| Variable name | Description | Units |
| Geolocation and ancillary measurements | ||
| center_lat | latitude | decimal degrees North |
| center_lat_standard_error | latitude standard error | decimal degrees North |
| center_lon | longitude | decimal degrees East |
| center_lon_standard_error | longitude standard error | decimal degrees East |
| height | height of aircraft above ground | meters |
| height_standard_error | height standard error | meters |
| geolocation_qc | geolocation status flag | 0 = Success, 1 = Error |
| time | time of sample collection | seconds since 1980-1-6 0:0:0 |
| elevation | surface elevation | meters |
| event_number | NOAA database event number | |
| intake_height | sample intake height | meters |
| flask_id | sample container ID | |
| sample_method | sample collection method | |
| site_code | sample site code | |
| Science measurements | ||
| benz | benzene (C6H6) | parts per trillion (ppt) * |
| brfm | bromoform (CHBr3) | ppt |
| c2f6 | hexafluoroethane (CF3CF3) | ppt |
| c2h2 | ethyne (acetylene; C2H2) | ppt |
| c2h4 | ethene (ethylene; C2H4) | ppt |
| c2h6 | ethane (C2H6) | ppt |
| c3h6 | propene (propylene; C3H6) | ppt |
| c3h8 | propane (C3H8) | ppt |
| ccl4 | carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane; CCl4) | ppt |
| cf4 | carbon tetraflouride (tetrafluoromethane; CF4) | ppt |
| ch2brcl | bromochloromethane (CH2BrCl) | ppt |
| ch3i | methyl iodide (CH3I) | ppt |
| ch4 | methane (CH4) | parts per billion (ppb) * |
| chlf | chloroform (CHCl3) | ppt |
| co | carbon monoxide (CO) | ppb |
| co2 | carbon dioxide (CO2) | parts per million (ppm) * |
| co2c13 | d13C of CO2 | ppm |
| co2c14 | d14C of CO2 | ppm |
| co2o18 | d18O of CO2 | ppm |
| cs2 | carbon disulfide (CS2) | ppt |
| dibr | dibromomethane (CH2Br2) | ppt |
| dicl | dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) | ppt |
| f112 | CFC-112 (CCl3CClF2) | ppt |
| f113 | CFC-113 (CCl2FCClF2) | ppt |
| f114 | CFC-114 and CFC-114a (ClF2CCF2Cl) | ppt |
| f115 | CFC-115 (CClF2CF3) | ppt |
| f11a | CFC-11 (ion 101; CCl3F) | ppt |
| f11b | CFC-11 (ion 103; CCl3F) | ppt |
| f124 | HCFC-124 (CHClFCF3) | ppt |
| f125 | HFC-125 (CHF2CF3) | ppt |
| f13 | CFC-13 (CClF3) | ppt |
| f134 | HFC-134 (CHF2CHF2) | ppt |
| f134a | HFC-134a (CH2FCF3) | ppt |
| f141b | HCFC-141b (CH3CCl2F) | ppt |
| f142b | HCFC-142b (CH3CF2Cl) | ppt |
| f143a | HFC-143a (CH3CF3) | ppt |
| f152a | HFC-152a (CH3CHF2) | ppt |
| f160 | chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl) | ppt |
| f227e | HFC-227ea (CF3CHFCF3) | ppt |
| f23 | HFC-23 (CHF3) | ppt |
| f236fa | HFC-236fa (CF3CH2CF3) | ppt |
| f32 | HFC-32 (CH2F2) | ppt |
| f365m | HFC-365mfc (CH3CF2CH2CF3) | ppt |
| fc12 | CFC-12 (CCl2F2) | ppt |
| h1211 | bromochlorodifluoromethane (halon 1211; CBrClF2) | ppt |
| h1301 | bromotrifluoromethane (halon 1301; CF3Br) | ppt |
| h2 | hydrogen (H2) | ppb |
| h2402 | dibromotetrafluoroethane (halon 2402; CBrF2CBrF2) | ppt |
| hf133a | HCFC-133a (CH2ClCF3) | ppt |
| hf21 | HCFC-21 (CHCl2F) | ppt |
| hf22 | HCFC-22 (CHF2Cl) | ppt |
| ic4h10 | i-butane (i-C4H10) | ppt |
| ic5h12 | i-pentane (i-C5H12) | ppt |
| mcfa | methyl chloroform (ion 97; CH3CCl3) | ppt |
| mebr | methyl bromide (CH3Br) | ppt |
| mecl | methyl chloride (CH3Cl) | ppt |
| n2o | nitrous oxide (N2O) | ppb |
| nc4h10 | n-butane (n-C4H10) | ppt |
| nc5h12 | n-pentane (n-C5H12) | ppt |
| nc6h14 | n-hexane (n-C6H14) | ppt |
| nf3 | nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) | ppt |
| ocs | carbonyl sulfide (COS) | ppt |
| p218 | perfluoropropane (C3F8) | ppt |
| pce | tetrachloroethylene (C2Cl4) | ppt |
| sf6_ccgg | sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) | ppt |
| sf6_hats | sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) | ppt |
| so2f2 | sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) | ppt |
| tce | trichloroethylene (C2HCl3) | ppt |
| tol | toluene (C7H8) | ppt |
* parts per million – ppm – micromol of gas per mol of dry air – 10-6
parts per billion – ppb – nanomol of gas per mol of dry air – 10-9
parts per trillion – ppt – picmol of gas per mol of dry air – 10-12
The netcdf files also include a QC flag for each analyte. For example, the benzene ratio QC flag is “benz_ratio_status”. The flag values are the same for all analytes and are provided in Table 3.
Table 3. QC flag value descriptions
| QC Flag | Flag Meaning | Description |
| 1 | Valid | |
| 2 | Preliminary | Sample measurement is preliminary and has not yet been carefully examined by the PI |
| 3 | Deselected | Sample measurement is likely valid but does not meet selection criteria determined by the goals of the CARVE investigation |
| 4 | Rejected | Obvious problems during collection or analysis |
代码
!pip install leafmap
!pip install pandas
!pip install folium
!pip install matplotlib
!pip install mapclassify
import pandas as pd
import leafmap
url = "https://github.com/opengeos/NASA-Earth-Data"
df = pd.read_csv(url, sep="\t")
df
leafmap.nasa_data_login()
results, gdf = leafmap.nasa_data_search(
short_name="CARVE_L2_Flask_1404
",
cloud_hosted=True,
bounding_box=(-167.48, 35.15, -106.29, 71.5),
temporal=("2012-05-23", "2015-11-12"),
count=-1, # use -1 to return all datasets
return_gdf=True,
)
gdf.explore()
#leafmap.nasa_data_download(results[:5], out_dir="data")引用
All measurements are reported as dry air mole fractions on their respective World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standard scales:
- NOAA 2004 CO standard scale (see Novelli et al., 1991)
- NOAA 2007 CO2 standard scale (see Zhao and Tans, 2006)
- NOAA 2004 CH4 standard scale (see Dlugokencky et al., 2005)
- NOAA 2004 CMDL H2 standard scale (Novelli et al., 1999)
- NOAA 2006A N2O standard scale (Hall et al., 2007)
- NOAA 2006 SF6 standard scale (Hall et al., 2011)
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