linux 图像格式转换： pdf转png格式

试了下R将pdf矢量图转换为png位图，不如linux下convert方便好用。

安装

sudo apt install imagemagick -y

版本

$ convert -version
Version: ImageMagick 6.9.11-60 Q16 x86_64 2021-01-25 https://imagemagick.org
Copyright: (C) 1999-2021 ImageMagick Studio LLC
License: https://imagemagick.org/script/license.php
Features: Cipher DPC Modules OpenMP(4.5) 
Delegates (built-in): bzlib djvu fftw fontconfig freetype heic jbig jng jp2 jpeg lcms lqr ltdl lzma openexr pangocairo png tiff webp wmf x xml zlib

报错

$ convert ./test.pdf ./test.png
convert-im6.q16: attempt to perform an operation not allowed by the security policy `PDF' @ error/constitute.c/IsCoderAuthorized/421.
convert-im6.q16: no images defined `./test.png' @ error/convert.c/ConvertImageCommand/3229.

解决报错

• 必须进入root账户才能修改，:wq!命令未能成功保存

# 必须进入root账户
sudo su
vim  /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xml

在配置文件最后几行找到

<policy domain="delegate" rights="none" pattern="URL" />
  <policy domain="delegate" rights="none" pattern="HTTPS" />
  <policy domain="delegate" rights="none" pattern="HTTP" />
  <!-- in order to avoid to get image with password text -->
  <policy domain="path" rights="none" pattern="@*"/>
  <!-- disable ghostscript format types -->
  <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="PS" />
  <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="PS2" />
  <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="PS3" />
  <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="EPS" />
  <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="PDF" />
  <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="XPS" />

将以下行注释掉

 <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="PDF" />

即修改为

• xml格式单行注释格式是，即<!-- 内容 -->。

• 为了省事儿，大家可以把上面几行都注释掉

<!-- <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="PDF" /> -->

再次运行

convert -density 300  test.pdf test.png