本文探讨了立方体贴图的概念及其在游戏开发中的应用——天空盒。详细解释了立方体贴图如何通过一个方向向量进行索引/采样，以及如何使用6个纹理图像创建一个完整的场景环境，使玩家感受到广阔的空间感。
天空盒
一、原理：立方体贴图
我们已经使用2D纹理很长时间了，但除此之外仍有更多的纹理类型等着我们探索。在部分中，我们将讨论的是将多个纹理组合起来映射到一张纹理上的一种纹理类型：立方体贴图(Cube Map)。
简单来说，立方体贴图就是一个包含了6个2D纹理的纹理，每个2D纹理都组成了立方体的一个面：一个有纹理的立方体。你可能会奇怪，这样一个立方体有什么用途呢？为什么要把6张纹理合并到一张纹理中，而不是直接使用6个单独的纹理呢？立方体贴图有一个非常有用的特性，它可以通过一个方向向量来进行索引/采样。假设我们有一个1x1x1的单位立方体，方向向量的原点位于它的中心。使用一个橘黄色的方向向量来从立方体贴图上采样一个纹理值会像是这样：
如果我们假设将这样的立方体贴图应用到一个立方体上，采样立方体贴图所使用的方向向量将和立方体（插值的）顶点位置非常相像。这样子，只要立方体的中心位于原点，我们就能使用立方体的实际位置向量来对立方体贴图进行采样了。接下来，我们可以将所有顶点的纹理坐标当做是立方体的顶点位置。最终得到的结果就是可以访问立方体贴图上正确面(Face)纹理的一个纹理坐标。
二、天空盒
天空盒是一个包含了整个场景的（大）立方体，它包含周围环境的6个图像，让玩家以为他处在一个比实际大得多的环境当中。游戏中使用天空盒的例子有群山、白云或星空。
你可能现在已经猜到了，立方体贴图能完美满足天空盒的需求：我们有一个6面的立方体，每个面都需要一个纹理。在上面的图片中，他们使用了夜空的几张图片，让玩家产生其位于广袤宇宙中的错觉，但实际上他只是在一个小小的盒子当中。
你可以在网上找到很多像这样的天空盒资源。天空盒图像通常有以下的形式：
如果你将这六个面折成一个立方体，你就会得到一个完全贴图的立方体，模拟一个巨大的场景。一些资源可能会提供了这样格式的天空盒，你必须手动提取六个面的图像，但在大部分情况下它们都是6张单独的纹理图像。
三、创建步骤简述
此处简单介绍创建步骤：
1.之前章节的vulkan基础参数创建；
2.加载立方体贴图天空贴图（此处使用gli库加载ktx贴图文件）；
3.使用assimp库加载cube.obj（天空盒用）及sphere.obj（反射、折射用）（此处封装了model类，方便后续使用）；
4.创建两个UniformBuffer缓冲区；
5.创建描述符布局；
6.创建两个管线Pipeline（天空盒管线，物体反射管线）
7.创建描述符池和集合；
8.创建命令缓冲CommandBuffers及绑定；
9.最后不要忘记循环更新UniformBuffers；
此处专门贴出更新updateUniformBuffers函数：
void updateUniformBuffers()
{
// 3D object
glm::mat4 viewMatrix = glm::mat4(1.0f);
uboVS.projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(fov), swapChainExtent.width / (float)swapChainExtent.height, 0.1f, 100.0f);
uboVS.projection[1][1] *= -1;
viewMatrix = camera.GetViewMatrix();
uboVS.model = glm::rotate(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::radians(90.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
uboVS.model = viewMatrix * uboVS.model;
memcpy(uniformBuffers.object.mapped, &uboVS, sizeof(uboVS));
// Skybox
viewMatrix = glm::mat4(glm::mat3(camera.GetViewMatrix()));
uboVS.projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(fov), (float)swapChainExtent.width / (float)swapChainExtent.height, 0.001f, 256.0f);
uboVS.model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
uboVS.model = viewMatrix * uboVS.model;
memcpy(uniformBuffers.skybox.mapped, &uboVS, sizeof(uboVS));
}
对于场景中的圆球，我们正常根据摄像机更新矩阵，对于天空盒我们通过取4x4矩阵左上角的3x3矩阵来移除变换矩阵的位移部分。我们可以将观察矩阵转换为3x3矩阵（移除位移），再将其转换回4x4矩阵，来实现移除观察矩阵中的位移部分，让移动不会影响天空盒的位置向量。
即：viewMatrix = glm::mat4(glm::mat3(camera.GetViewMatrix()));
如果你运行成功的，你回看到如下效果夜景天空盒：
环顾四周可以感受下天空盒下的大场景感觉。
下一部分我们来着重讲一下场景中圆球的反射及折射天空盒shader部分。
附：天空盒源码
注：源码仅为main代码，本部分多数功能直接在封装定义好hpp等头文件中或引用了第三方库，且是在前些基础代码部分做了修改，直接复制代码可能导致您的程序运行不顺，如有需要其他源码请留言。
//shader 10_skybox.cpp
#define GLM_ENABLE_EXPERIMENTAL
#define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN
#define GLM_FORCE_RADIANS
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include <stb/stb_image.h>
#define GLM_FORCE_RADIANS
#define GLM_FORCE_DEPTH_ZERO_TO_ONE
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtx/hash.hpp>
#define TINYOBJLOADER_IMPLEMENTATION
#include <tiny/tiny_obj_loader.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <vector>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <set>
#include <array>
#include <algorithm>
#include <chrono>
#include <unordered_map>
#include "Camera.h"
#include "VulkanBuffer.hpp"
#include "VulkanInitializers.hpp"
#include "VulkanModel.hpp"
#include "VulkanTools.h"
#include "VulkanTexture.hpp"
#include <gli/gli.hpp>
const int WIDTH = 800;
const int HEIGHT = 600;
const int MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT = 2;
//鼠标移动位置记录
float lastX = WIDTH / 2, lastY = HEIGHT / 2;
//缩放视野
float fov = 60.0f;
bool firstMouse = true;
//环境光
float ambientStrength = 0.1f;
float specularStrength = 0.8f;//镜面强度
glm::vec3 baseLight = glm::vec3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glm::vec3 lightPos = glm::vec3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glm::vec3 lightDir = glm::vec3(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
glm::vec3 flashColor = glm::vec3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
const std::vector<const char*> validationLayers = {
"VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"
};
const std::vector<const char*> deviceExtensions = {
VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME
};
#ifdef NDEBUG
const bool enableValidationLayers = false;
#else
const bool enableValidationLayers = true;
#endif
VkResult CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT* pCreateInfo, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT* pDebugMessenger) {
auto func = (PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
if (func != nullptr) {
return func(instance, pCreateInfo, pAllocator, pDebugMessenger);
}
else {
return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
}
}
void DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugMessenger, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator) {
auto func = (PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
if (func != nullptr) {
func(instance, debugMessenger, pAllocator);
}
}
struct QueueFamilyIndices {
uint32_t graphicsFamily = -1;
uint32_t presentFamily = -1;
bool isComplete() {
return graphicsFamily >= 0 && presentFamily >= 0;
}
};
struct SwapChainSupportDetails {
VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities;
std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> formats;
std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> presentModes;
};
struct Vertex {
glm::vec3 pos;
glm::vec3 color;
glm::vec3 normal;
glm::vec2 texCoord;
//Material
glm::vec3 m_ambient;
glm::vec3 m_diffuse;
glm::vec3 m_specular;
float m_shininess;
//绑定描述
static std::vector <VkVertexInputBindingDescription> getBindingDescription() {
std::vector <VkVertexInputBindingDescription> bindingDescription;
bindingDescription.resize(1);
bindingDescription[0].binding = 0;
bindingDescription[0].stride = sizeof(Vertex);
bindingDescription[0].inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX;
return bindingDescription;
}
//属性描述
static std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> getAttributeDescriptions() {
std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> attributeDescriptions;
attributeDescriptions.resize(8);
attributeDescriptions[0].binding = 0;
attributeDescriptions[0].location = 0;
attributeDescriptions[0].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
attributeDescriptions[0].offset = offsetof(Vertex, pos);
attributeDescriptions[1].binding = 0;
attributeDescriptions[1].location = 1;
attributeDescriptions[1].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
attributeDescriptions[1].offset = offsetof(Vertex, color);
attributeDescriptions[2].binding = 0;
attributeDescriptions[2].location = 2;
attributeDescriptions[2].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
attributeDescriptions[2].offset = offsetof(Vertex, normal);
attributeDescriptions[3].binding = 0;
attributeDescriptions[3].location = 3;
attributeDescriptions[3].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;
attributeDescriptions[3].offset = offsetof(Vertex, texCoord);
attributeDescriptions[4].binding = 0;
attributeDescriptions[4].location = 4;
attributeDescriptions[4].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
attributeDescriptions[4].offset = offsetof(Vertex, m_ambient);
attributeDescriptions[5].binding = 0;
attributeDescriptions[5].location = 5;
attributeDescriptions[5].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
attributeDescriptions[5].offset = offsetof(Vertex, m_diffuse);
attributeDescriptions[6].binding = 0;
attributeDescriptions[6].location = 6;
attributeDescriptions[6].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
attributeDescriptions[6].offset = offsetof(Vertex, m_specular);
attributeDescriptions[7].binding = 0;
attributeDescriptions[7].location = 7;
attributeDescriptions[7].format = VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT;
attributeDescriptions[7].offset = offsetof(Vertex, m_shininess);
return attributeDescriptions;
}
bool operator==(const Vertex& other) const {
return pos == other.pos && color == other.color && texCoord == other.texCoord;
}
};
namespace std {
template<> struct hash<Vertex> {
size_t operator()(Vertex const& vertex) const {
return ((hash<glm::vec3>()(vertex.pos) ^ (hash<glm::vec3>()(vertex.color) << 1)) >> 1) ^ (hash<glm::vec2>()(vertex.texCoord) << 1);
}
};
}
struct UniformBufferObject {
glm::mat4 model;
glm::mat4 view;
glm::mat4 proj;
glm::mat4 lightSpace;
glm::vec3 baseLight;
float ambientStrength;
glm::vec3 lightPos;
float specularStrength;
glm::vec3 viewPos;
float foo1 = 0.0f;
glm::vec3 lightDirect;
float foo2 = 0.0f;
glm::vec3 flashColor;
float foo3 = 0.0f;
glm::vec3 flashPos;
float outerCutOff;
glm::vec3 flashDir;
float flashCutOff;
};
std::vector<Vertex> vertices;
std::vector<uint32_t> indices;
VkBuffer vertexBuffer;
VkDeviceMemory vertexBufferMemory;
//Camera camera(glm::vec3(2.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -10.0f), glm::radians(0.0f), glm::radians(0.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset)
{
if (fov >= 1.0f && fov <= 45.0f)
fov -= yoffset;
if (fov <= 1.0f)
fov = 1.0f;
if (fov >= 45.0f)
fov = 45.0f;
}
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window) {
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS) {
glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
}
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS) {
camera.speedZ = 1.0f;
}
else if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS) {
camera.speedZ = -1.0f;
}
else {
camera.speedZ = 0.0f;
}
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS) {
camera.speedX = -1.0f;
}
else if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS) {
camera.speedX = 1.0f;
}
else {
camera.speedX = 0.0f;
}
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_Q) == GLFW_PRESS) {
camera.speedY = 1.0f;
}
else if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_E) == GLFW_PRESS) {
camera.speedY = -1.0f;
}
else {
camera.speedY = 0.0f;
}
}
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xPos, double yPos) {
if (firstMouse) {
lastX = xPos;
lastY = yPos;
firstMouse = false;
}
float deltaX, deltaY;
deltaX = xPos - lastX;
deltaY = yPos - lastY;
lastX = xPos;
lastY = yPos;
camera.ProcessMouseMovement(deltaX, deltaY);
std::cout<< deltaX<<","<<deltaY <<std::endl;
}
class HelloTriangleApplication {
public:
void run() {
initWindow();
initVulkan();
mainLoop();
cleanup();
}
private:
GLFWwindow* window;
VkInstance instance;
VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugMessenger;
VkSurfaceKHR surface;
VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
VkSampleCountFlagBits msaaSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
VkDevice device;
VkQueue graphicsQueue;
VkQueue presentQueue;
VkSwapchainKHR swapChain;
std::vector<VkImage> swapChainImages;
VkFormat swapChainImageFormat;
// Depth buffer format (selected during Vulkan initialization)
VkFormat depthFormat;
VkExtent2D swapChainExtent;
std::vector<VkImageView> swapChainImageViews;
VkRenderPass renderPass;
VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout;
VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
std::vector<VkFramebuffer> swapChainFramebuffers;
VkCommandPool commandPool;
std::vector<VkCommandBuffer> drawCmdBuffers;
size_t currentFrame = 0;
VkDeviceMemory textureImageMemory;
VkImageView textureImageView;//保存纹理图像
VkSampler textureSampler;//创建采样器
VkBuffer indexBuffer;
VkDeviceMemory indexBufferMemory;
VkDescriptorPool descriptorPool;
VkDescriptorSet descriptorSet;
VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
VkDeviceMemory stagingBufferMemory;
VkImage colorImage;
VkDeviceMemory colorImageMemory;
VkImageView colorImageView;
VkImage depthImage;
VkDeviceMemory depthImageMemory;
VkImageView depthImageView;
VkPipelineCache pipelineCache;
// Synchronization semaphores
struct {
// Swap chain image presentation
VkSemaphore presentComplete;
// Command buffer submission and execution
VkSemaphore renderComplete;
} semaphores;
VkSubmitInfo submitInfo;
// List of shader modules created (stored for cleanup)
std::vector<VkShaderModule> shaderModules;
uint32_t mipLevels;//Mip链
VkImage textureImage;
#pragma region skybox
vks::Texture cubeMap;
/** @brief Encapsulated physical and logical vulkan device */
vks::VulkanDevice *vulkanDevice;
struct Meshes {
vks::Model skybox;
std::vector<vks::Model> objects;
int32_t objectIndex = 0;
} models;
// Vertex layout for the models
vks::VertexLayout vertexLayout = vks::VertexLayout({
vks::VERTEX_COMPONENT_POSITION,
vks::VERTEX_COMPONENT_NORMAL,
vks::VERTEX_COMPONENT_UV,
});
std::vector<std::string> objectNames;
struct UBOVS {
glm::mat4 projection;
glm::mat4 model;
float lodBias = 0.0f;
} uboVS;
struct {
vks::Buffer object;
vks::Buffer skybox;
} uniformBuffers;
struct {
VkPipeline skybox;
VkPipeline reflect;
} pipelines;
struct {
VkDescriptorSet object;
VkDescriptorSet skybox;
} descriptorSets;
#pragma endregion
void initWindow() {
glfwInit();
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);
//glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GLFW_FALSE);
window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "Vulkan_Shader--skybox", nullptr, nullptr);
glfwSetWindowUserPointer(window, this);
//glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);//禁用鼠标悬浮
glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);//注册键盘输入
glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback); //注册鼠标滚轮
glfwSetWindowSizeCallback(window, HelloTriangleApplication::onWindowResized);
}
void initVulkan() {
createInstance();
setupDebugMessenger();
createSurface();
pickPhysicalDevice();
createLogicalDevice();
assert(getSupportedDepthFormat());
createSwapChain();
createImageViews();
createRenderPass();
createPipelineCache();//shadowing
createCommandPool();
createColorResources();
createDepthResources();
createFramebuffers();
createTextureImage();
createTextureImageView();
loadModels();
prepareUniformBuffers();
setupDescriptorSetLayout();
preparePipelines();
setupDescriptorPool();
setupDescriptorSets();
buildCommandBuffers();
createSemaphores();
}
void mainLoop() {
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
glfwPollEvents();
processInput(window);
updateUniformBuffers();
draw();
camera.UpdataCameraPosition();
}
vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
}
void draw()
{
//prepareFrame
// Acquire the next image from the swap chain
uint32_t imageIndex;// Active frame buffer index
VkResult result = vkAcquireNextImageKHR(device, swapChain, UINT64_MAX, semaphores.presentComplete, VK_NULL_HANDLE, &imageIndex);
// Recreate the swapchain if it's no longer compatible with the surface (OUT_OF_DATE) or no longer optimal for presentation (SUBOPTIMAL)
if (result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR) {
recreateSwapChain();
return;
}
else if (result != VK_SUCCESS && result != VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to acquire swap chain image!");
}
submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &drawCmdBuffers[imageIndex];
vkQueueSubmit(graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
Reset stage mask
submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = &submitPipelineStages;
// Reset wait and signal semaphores for rendering next frame
// Wait for swap chain presentation to finish
submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = &semaphores.presentComplete;
// Signal ready with offscreen semaphore
submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = &semaphores.renderComplete;
VkPresentInfoKHR presentInfo = {};
presentInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR;
presentInfo.pNext = NULL;
presentInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
presentInfo.pWaitSemaphores = &semaphores.renderComplete;
VkSwapchainKHR swapChains[] = { swapChain };
presentInfo.swapchainCount = 1;
presentInfo.pSwapchains = swapChains;
presentInfo.pImageIndices = &imageIndex;
//vkQueuePresentKHR函数提交请求呈现交换链中的图像
result = vkQueuePresentKHR(presentQueue, &presentInfo);
if (result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR || result == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR) {
recreateSwapChain();
}
else if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to present swap chain image!");
}
vkQueueWaitIdle(presentQueue);
currentFrame = (currentFrame + 1) % MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT;
}
void cleanup() {
cleanupSwapChain();
vkDestroySampler(device, textureSampler, nullptr);
vkDestroyImageView(device, textureImageView, nullptr);
vkDestroyImage(device, textureImage, nullptr);
vkFreeMemory(device, textureImageMemory, nullptr);
vkDestroyDescriptorPool(device, descriptorPool, nullptr);
vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(device, descriptorSetLayout, nullptr);
// Uniform buffers
uniformBuffers.object.destroy();
uniformBuffers.skybox.destroy();
vkDestroyBuffer(device, indexBuffer, nullptr);
vkFreeMemory(device, indexBufferMemory, nullptr);
vkDestroyBuffer(device, vertexBuffer, nullptr);
vkFreeMemory(device, vertexBufferMemory, nullptr);
vkDestroyCommandPool(device, commandPool, nullptr);
vkDestroySemaphore(device, semaphores.presentComplete, nullptr);
vkDestroySemaphore(device, semaphores.renderComplete, nullptr);
for (auto shaderModule : shaderModules) {
vkDestroyShaderModule(device, shaderModule, nullptr);
}
vkDestroyImageView(device, cubeMap.view, nullptr);
vkDestroyImage(device, cubeMap.image, nullptr);
vkDestroySampler(device, cubeMap.sampler, nullptr);
vkFreeMemory(device, cubeMap.deviceMemory, nullptr);
vkDestroyPipelineCache(device, pipelineCache, nullptr);
for (auto& model : models.objects) {
model.destroy();
}
models.skybox.destroy();
vkDestroyDevice(device, nullptr);
if (enableValidationLayers) {
DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, debugMessenger, nullptr);
}
vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance, surface, nullptr);
vkDestroyInstance(instance, nullptr);
glfwDestroyWindow(window);
glfwTerminate();
}
void cleanupSwapChain() {
vkDestroyImageView(device, colorImageView, nullptr);
vkDestroyImage(device, colorImage, nullptr);
vkFreeMemory(device, colorImageMemory, nullptr);
vkDestroyImageView(device, depthImageView, nullptr);
vkDestroyImage(device, depthImage, nullptr);
vkFreeMemory(device, depthImageMemory, nullptr);
for (auto framebuffer : swapChainFramebuffers) {
vkDestroyFramebuffer(device, framebuffer, nullptr);
}
vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, commandPool, static_cast<uint32_t>(drawCmdBuffers.size()), drawCmdBuffers.data());
vkDestroyPipeline(device, pipelines.skybox, nullptr);
vkDestroyPipeline(device, pipelines.reflect, nullptr);
vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, pipelineLayout, nullptr);
vkDestroyRenderPass(device, renderPass, nullptr);
for (auto imageView : swapChainImageViews) {
vkDestroyImageView(device, imageView, nullptr);
}
vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, swapChain, nullptr);
}
void updateUniformBuffers()
{
// 3D object
glm::mat4 viewMatrix = glm::mat4(1.0f);
uboVS.projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(fov), swapChainExtent.width / (float)swapChainExtent.height, 0.1f, 100.0f);
uboVS.projection[1][1] *= -1;
viewMatrix = camera.GetViewMatrix();
uboVS.model = glm::rotate(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::radians(90.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
uboVS.model = viewMatrix * uboVS.model;
memcpy(uniformBuffers.object.mapped, &uboVS, sizeof(uboVS));
// Skybox
viewMatrix = glm::mat4(glm::mat3(camera.GetViewMatrix()));
uboVS.projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(fov), (float)swapChainExtent.width / (float)swapChainExtent.height, 0.001f, 256.0f);
uboVS.model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
uboVS.model = viewMatrix * uboVS.model;
memcpy(uniformBuffers.skybox.mapped, &uboVS, sizeof(uboVS));
}
static void onWindowResized(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height) {
if (width == 0 || height == 0) return;
HelloTriangleApplication* app = reinterpret_cast<HelloTriangleApplication*>(glfwGetWindowUserPointer(window));
app->recreateSwapChain();
}
void recreateSwapChain() {
int width = 0, height = 0;
glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
while (width == 0 || height == 0) {
glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
glfwWaitEvents();
}
vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
cleanupSwapChain();
createSwapChain();
createImageViews();
createRenderPass();
preparePipelines();
createColorResources();
createDepthResources();
createFramebuffers();
buildCommandBuffers();
}
void createInstance() {
if (enableValidationLayers && !checkValidationLayerSupport()) {
throw std::runtime_error("validation layers requested, but not available!");
}
VkApplicationInfo appInfo = {};
appInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
appInfo.pApplicationName = "Hello Triangle";
appInfo.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
appInfo.pEngineName = "No Engine";
appInfo.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
appInfo.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0;
VkInstanceCreateInfo createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
createInfo.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo;
auto extensions = getRequiredExtensions();
createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(extensions.size());
createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions.data();
VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT debugCreateInfo;
if (enableValidationLayers) {
createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size());
createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();
populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(debugCreateInfo);
createInfo.pNext = (VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT*)&debugCreateInfo;
}
else {
createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
createInfo.pNext = nullptr;
}
if (vkCreateInstance(&createInfo, nullptr, &instance) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create instance!");
}
}
void populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT& createInfo) {
createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
createInfo.messageSeverity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT;
createInfo.messageType = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT;
createInfo.pfnUserCallback = debugCallback;
}
void setupDebugMessenger() {
if (!enableValidationLayers) return;
VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT createInfo;
populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(createInfo);
if (CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, &createInfo, nullptr, &debugMessenger) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to set up debug messenger!");
}
}
void createImageViews() {
swapChainImageViews.resize(swapChainImages.size());
for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImages.size(); i++) {
swapChainImageViews[i] = createImageView(swapChainImages[i], swapChainImageFormat, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 1);
}
}
VkImageView createImageView(VkImage image, VkFormat format, VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags, uint32_t mipLevels) {
VkImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo = {};
viewInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
viewInfo.image = image;
viewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
viewInfo.format = format;
viewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = aspectFlags;
viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
viewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = mipLevels;
viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
viewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
VkImageView imageView;
if (vkCreateImageView(device, &viewInfo, nullptr, &imageView) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create texture image view!");
}
return imageView;
}
void createSurface() {
if (glfwCreateWindowSurface(instance, window, nullptr, &surface) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create window surface!");
}
}
void pickPhysicalDevice() {
uint32_t deviceCount = 0;
vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, nullptr);
if (deviceCount == 0) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to find GPUs with Vulkan support!");
}
std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> devices(deviceCount);
vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, devices.data());
for (const auto& device : devices) {
if (isDeviceSuitable(device)) {
physicalDevice = device;
msaaSamples = getMaxUsableSampleCount();
break;
}
}
if (physicalDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to find a suitable GPU!");
}
vulkanDevice = new vks::VulkanDevice(physicalDevice);
}
void createLogicalDevice() {
QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);
std::vector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queueCreateInfos;
std::set<uint32_t> uniqueQueueFamilies = { indices.graphicsFamily, indices.presentFamily };
float queuePriority = 1.0f;
for (int queueFamily : uniqueQueueFamilies) {
VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo = {};
queueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamily;
queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;
queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority;
queueCreateInfos.push_back(queueCreateInfo);
}
VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures = {};
deviceFeatures.samplerAnisotropy = VK_TRUE;
//deviceFeatures.sampleRateShading = VK_TRUE; // enable sample shading feature for the device
VkDeviceCreateInfo createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;
createInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = queueCreateInfos.data();
createInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(queueCreateInfos.size());
createInfo.pEnabledFeatures = &deviceFeatures;
createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(deviceExtensions.size());
createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = deviceExtensions.data();
if (enableValidationLayers) {
createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size());
createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();
}
else {
createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
}
if (vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &createInfo, nullptr, &device) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create logical device!");
}
vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.graphicsFamily, 0, &graphicsQueue);
vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.presentFamily, 0, &presentQueue);
vulkanDevice->setVkDevice(device);
}
void createSwapChain() {
SwapChainSupportDetails swapChainSupport = querySwapChainSupport(physicalDevice);
VkSurfaceFormatKHR surfaceFormat = chooseSwapSurfaceFormat(swapChainSupport.formats);
VkPresentModeKHR presentMode = chooseSwapPresentMode(swapChainSupport.presentModes);
VkExtent2D extent = chooseSwapExtent(swapChainSupport.capabilities);
uint32_t imageCount = swapChainSupport.capabilities.minImageCount + 1;
if (swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount > 0 && imageCount > swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount) {
imageCount = swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount;
}
VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
createInfo.surface = surface;
createInfo.minImageCount = imageCount;
createInfo.imageFormat = surfaceFormat.format;
createInfo.imageColorSpace = surfaceFormat.colorSpace;
createInfo.imageExtent = extent;
createInfo.imageArrayLayers = 1;
createInfo.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);
uint32_t queueFamilyIndices[] = { (uint32_t)indices.graphicsFamily, (uint32_t)indices.presentFamily };
if (indices.graphicsFamily != indices.presentFamily) {
createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT;
createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 2;
createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = queueFamilyIndices;
}
else {
createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0; // Optional
createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr; // Optional
}
createInfo.preTransform = swapChainSupport.capabilities.currentTransform;
createInfo.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
createInfo.presentMode = presentMode;
createInfo.clipped = VK_TRUE;
createInfo.oldSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
if (vkCreateSwapchainKHR(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &swapChain) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create swap chain!");
}
vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapChain, &imageCount, nullptr);
swapChainImages.resize(imageCount);
vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapChain, &imageCount, swapChainImages.data());
swapChainImageFormat = surfaceFormat.format;
swapChainExtent = extent;
}
bool isDeviceSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(device);
bool extensionsSupported = checkDeviceExtensionSupport(device);
bool swapChainAdequate = false;
if (extensionsSupported) {
SwapChainSupportDetails swapChainSupport = querySwapChainSupport(device);
swapChainAdequate = !swapChainSupport.formats.empty() && !swapChainSupport.presentModes.empty();
}
//各向异性滤波器
VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures supportedFeatures;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(device, &supportedFeatures);
return indices.isComplete() && extensionsSupported && swapChainAdequate&& supportedFeatures.samplerAnisotropy;
}
VkSampleCountFlagBits getMaxUsableSampleCount() {
return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
VkPhysicalDeviceProperties physicalDeviceProperties;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(physicalDevice, &physicalDeviceProperties);
VkSampleCountFlags counts = physicalDeviceProperties.limits.framebufferColorSampleCounts & physicalDeviceProperties.limits.framebufferDepthSampleCounts;
if (counts & VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_64_BIT) { return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_64_BIT; }
if (counts & VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_32_BIT) { return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_32_BIT; }
if (counts & VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_16_BIT) { return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_16_BIT; }
if (counts & VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_8_BIT) { return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_8_BIT; }
if (counts & VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT) { return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT; }
if (counts & VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_2_BIT) { return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_2_BIT; }
return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
}
void createRenderPass() {
VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachment = {};
colorAttachment.format = swapChainImageFormat;
colorAttachment.samples = msaaSamples;//多重采样
colorAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
colorAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
colorAttachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
colorAttachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
colorAttachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
//我们已经将finalLayout从VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR修改为VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL。
//这是因为多采样图像不能直接呈现。我们首先需要将它们解析为一个常规图像。这个要求不适用于深度缓冲区，因为它在任何时候都不会显示。因此，我们只需要添加一个新的颜色附件，即所谓的解析附件
colorAttachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
// Depth attachment
VkAttachmentDescription depthAttachment = {};
depthAttachment.format = depthFormat;
depthAttachment.samples = msaaSamples;//多重采样
depthAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
depthAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
depthAttachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
depthAttachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
depthAttachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
depthAttachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
//添加一个新的颜色附件
VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachmentResolve = {};
colorAttachmentResolve.format = swapChainImageFormat;
colorAttachmentResolve.samples = msaaSamples;
colorAttachmentResolve.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
colorAttachmentResolve.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
colorAttachmentResolve.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
colorAttachmentResolve.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
colorAttachmentResolve.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
colorAttachmentResolve.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentRef = {};
colorAttachmentRef.attachment = 0;
colorAttachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
VkAttachmentReference depthAttachmentRef = {};
depthAttachmentRef.attachment = 1;
depthAttachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
//创建一个新的附件引用，指向作为解析目标的颜色缓冲区
VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentResolveRef = {};
colorAttachmentResolveRef.attachment = 2;
colorAttachmentResolveRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
VkSubpassDescription subpass = {};
subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
subpass.pColorAttachments = &colorAttachmentRef;
subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment = &depthAttachmentRef;
subpass.pResolveAttachments = &colorAttachmentResolveRef;//让渲染通道定义一个多采样解析操作，让我们渲染图像到屏幕
std::array<VkAttachmentDescription, 3> attachments = { colorAttachment, depthAttachment, colorAttachmentResolve };
VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassInfo = {};
renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
renderPassInfo.attachmentCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(attachments.size());
renderPassInfo.pAttachments = attachments.data();
renderPassInfo.subpassCount = 1;
renderPassInfo.pSubpasses = &subpass;
VkSubpassDependency dependency = {};
dependency.srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
dependency.dstSubpass = 0;
dependency.srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
dependency.srcAccessMask = 0;
dependency.dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
dependency.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
renderPassInfo.dependencyCount = 1;
renderPassInfo.pDependencies = &dependency;
if (vkCreateRenderPass(device, &renderPassInfo, nullptr, &renderPass) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create render pass!");
}
}
VkShaderModule createShaderModule(const std::vector<char>& code) {
VkShaderModuleCreateInfo createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
createInfo.codeSize = code.size();
createInfo.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(code.data());
VkShaderModule shaderModule;
if (vkCreateShaderModule(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &shaderModule) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create shader module!");
}
return shaderModule;
}
static std::vector<char> readFile(const std::string& filename) {
std::ifstream file(filename, std::ios::ate | std::ios::binary);
if (!file.is_open()) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to open file!");
}
size_t fileSize = (size_t)file.tellg();
std::vector<char> buffer(fileSize);
file.seekg(0);
file.read(buffer.data(), fileSize);
file.close();
return buffer;
}
void createSemaphores() {
//imageAvailableSemaphores.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
//renderFinishedSemaphores.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
//inFlightFences.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
//imagesInFlight.resize(swapChainImages.size(), VK_NULL_HANDLE);
//
//VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo = {};
//semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
//
//VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo = {};
//fenceInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO;
//fenceInfo.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT;
//
//for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++) {
// if (vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &imageAvailableSemaphores[i]) != VK_SUCCESS ||
// vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &renderFinishedSemaphores[i]) != VK_SUCCESS ||
// vkCreateFence(device, &fenceInfo, nullptr, &inFlightFences[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
// throw std::runtime_error("failed to create synchronization objects for a frame!");
// }
//}
// Create synchronization objects
VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreCreateInfo = vks::initializers::semaphoreCreateInfo();
// Create a semaphore used to synchronize image presentation
// Ensures that the image is displayed before we start submitting new commands to the queu
if (vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreCreateInfo, nullptr, &semaphores.presentComplete)) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create synchronization objects for a frame!");
}
// Create a semaphore used to synchronize command submission
// Ensures that the image is not presented until all commands have been sumbitted and executed
if (vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreCreateInfo, nullptr, &semaphores.renderComplete)) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create synchronization objects for a frame!");
}
// Set up submit info structure
// Semaphores will stay the same during application lifetime
// Command buffer submission info is set by each example
submitInfo = vks::initializers::submitInfo();
submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = &submitPipelineStages;
submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = &semaphores.presentComplete;
submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = &semaphores.renderComplete;
}
void buildCommandBuffers()
{
drawCmdBuffers.resize(swapChainFramebuffers.size());
VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
allocInfo.commandPool = commandPool;
allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
allocInfo.commandBufferCount = (uint32_t)drawCmdBuffers.size();
if (vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocInfo, drawCmdBuffers.data()) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate command buffers!");
}
VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufInfo = vks::initializers::commandBufferBeginInfo();
cmdBufInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT;
VkClearValue clearValues[2];
clearValues[0].color = defaultClearColor;
clearValues[1].depthStencil = { 1.0f, 0 };
VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassBeginInfo = vks::initializers::renderPassBeginInfo();
renderPassBeginInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.offset.x = 0;
renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.offset.y = 0;
renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.width = WIDTH;
renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.height = HEIGHT;
renderPassBeginInfo.clearValueCount = 2;
renderPassBeginInfo.pClearValues = clearValues;
for (int32_t i = 0; i < drawCmdBuffers.size(); ++i)
{
// Set target frame buffer
renderPassBeginInfo.framebuffer = swapChainFramebuffers[i];
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBeginCommandBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i], &cmdBufInfo));
vkCmdBeginRenderPass(drawCmdBuffers[i], &renderPassBeginInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
VkViewport viewport = vks::initializers::viewport((float)swapChainExtent.width, (float)swapChainExtent.height, 0.0f, 1.0f);
vkCmdSetViewport(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &viewport);
VkRect2D scissor = vks::initializers::rect2D(swapChainExtent.width, swapChainExtent.height, 0, 0);
vkCmdSetScissor(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &scissor);
VkDeviceSize offsets[1] = { 0 };
// Skybox
//if (displaySkybox)
{
vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelineLayout, 0, 1, &descriptorSets.skybox, 0, NULL);
vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &models.skybox.vertices.buffer, offsets);
vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i], models.skybox.indices.buffer, 0, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32);
vkCmdBindPipeline(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelines.skybox);
vkCmdDrawIndexed(drawCmdBuffers[i], models.skybox.indexCount, 1, 0, 0, 0);
}
// 3D object
vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelineLayout, 0, 1, &descriptorSets.object, 0, NULL);
vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &models.objects[models.objectIndex].vertices.buffer, offsets);
vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i], models.objects[models.objectIndex].indices.buffer, 0, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32);
vkCmdBindPipeline(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelines.reflect);
vkCmdDrawIndexed(drawCmdBuffers[i], models.objects[models.objectIndex].indexCount, 1, 0, 0, 0);
vkCmdEndRenderPass(drawCmdBuffers[i]);
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkEndCommandBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i]));
}
}
void createCommandPool() {
QueueFamilyIndices queueFamilyIndices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);
VkCommandPoolCreateInfo poolInfo = {};
poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
poolInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamilyIndices.graphicsFamily;
poolInfo.flags = 0; // Optional
if (vkCreateCommandPool(device, &poolInfo, nullptr, &commandPool) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create command pool!");
}
vulkanDevice->setVkCommandPool(commandPool);
}
bool hasStencilComponent(VkFormat format) {
return format == VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT || format == VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
}
void createColorResources() {
VkFormat colorFormat = swapChainImageFormat;
createImage(swapChainExtent.width, swapChainExtent.height, 1, msaaSamples, colorFormat, VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, colorImage, colorImageMemory);
colorImageView = createImageView(colorImage, colorFormat, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 1);
transitionImageLayout(colorImage, colorFormat, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, 1);
}
void createDepthResources() {
createImage(swapChainExtent.width, swapChainExtent.height, 1, msaaSamples, depthFormat, VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, depthImage, depthImageMemory);
//createImage(swapChainExtent.width, swapChainExtent.height, 1, VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT, depthFormat, VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, depthImage, depthImageMemory);
depthImageView = createImageView(depthImage, depthFormat, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT, 1);
}
void createTextureImageView() {
textureImageView = createImageView(textureImage, VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, mipLevels);
}
void generateMipmaps(VkImage image, VkFormat imageFormat, int32_t texWidth, int32_t texHeight, uint32_t mipLevels) {
// Check if image format supports linear blitting
VkFormatProperties formatProperties;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(physicalDevice, imageFormat, &formatProperties);
if (!(formatProperties.optimalTilingFeatures & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT)) {
throw std::runtime_error("texture image format does not support linear blitting!");
}
VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = beginSingleTimeCommands();
VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier = {};
barrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
barrier.image = image;
barrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
barrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
barrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
barrier.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
barrier.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
barrier.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
int32_t mipWidth = texWidth;
int32_t mipHeight = texHeight;
for (uint32_t i = 1; i < mipLevels; i++) {
barrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = i - 1;
barrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL;
barrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL;
barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT;
vkCmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer,
VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, 0,
0, nullptr,
0, nullptr,
1, &barrier);
VkImageBlit blit = {};
blit.srcOffsets[0] = { 0, 0, 0 };
blit.srcOffsets[1] = { mipWidth, mipHeight, 1 };
blit.srcSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
blit.srcSubresource.mipLevel = i - 1;
blit.srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
blit.srcSubresource.layerCount = 1;
blit.dstOffsets[0] = { 0, 0, 0 };
blit.dstOffsets[1] = { mipWidth > 1 ? mipWidth / 2 : 1, mipHeight > 1 ? mipHeight / 2 : 1, 1 };
blit.dstSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
blit.dstSubresource.mipLevel = i;
blit.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
blit.dstSubresource.layerCount = 1;
vkCmdBlitImage(commandBuffer,
image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
1, &blit,
VK_FILTER_LINEAR);
barrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL;
barrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT;
barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;
vkCmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer,
VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT, 0,
0, nullptr,
0, nullptr,
1, &barrier);
if (mipWidth > 1) mipWidth /= 2;
if (mipHeight > 1) mipHeight /= 2;
}
barrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = mipLevels - 1;
barrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL;
barrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;
vkCmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer,
VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT, 0,
0, nullptr,
0, nullptr,
1, &barrier);
endSingleTimeCommands(commandBuffer);
}
void createTextureImage() {
int texWidth, texHeight, texChannels;
stbi_uc* pixels = stbi_load("mood.jpg", &texWidth, &texHeight, &texChannels, STBI_rgb_alpha);
VkDeviceSize imageSize = texWidth * texHeight * 4;
mipLevels = static_cast<uint32_t>(std::floor(std::log2(std::max(texWidth, texHeight)))) + 1;
if (!pixels) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to load texture image!");
}
VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
VkDeviceMemory stagingBufferMemory;
createBuffer(imageSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, stagingBuffer, stagingBufferMemory);
void* data;
vkMapMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory, 0, imageSize, 0, &data);
memcpy(data, pixels, static_cast<size_t>(imageSize));
vkUnmapMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory);
stbi_image_free(pixels);
createImage(texWidth, texHeight, mipLevels, VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT, VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, textureImage, textureImageMemory);
transitionImageLayout(textureImage, VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, mipLevels);
copyBufferToImage(stagingBuffer, textureImage, static_cast<uint32_t>(texWidth), static_cast<uint32_t>(texHeight));
//transitionImageLayout(textureImage, VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL, mipLevels);
vkDestroyBuffer(device, stagingBuffer, nullptr);
vkFreeMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory, nullptr);
//transitioned to VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL while generating mipmaps
generateMipmaps(textureImage, VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, texWidth, texHeight, mipLevels);
loadCubemap("cubemap_yokohama_bc3_unorm.ktx", VK_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM_BLOCK, false);
}
void loadCubemap(std::string filename, VkFormat format, bool forceLinearTiling)
{
gli::texture_cube texCube(gli::load(filename));
assert(!texCube.empty());
cubeMap.width = texCube.extent().x;
cubeMap.height = texCube.extent().y;
cubeMap.mipLevels = texCube.levels();
VkMemoryAllocateInfo memAllocInfo = vks::initializers::memoryAllocateInfo();
VkMemoryRequirements memReqs;
// Create a host-visible staging buffer that contains the raw image data
VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
VkDeviceMemory stagingMemory;
VkBufferCreateInfo bufferCreateInfo = vks::initializers::bufferCreateInfo();
bufferCreateInfo.size = texCube.size();
// This buffer is used as a transfer source for the buffer copy
bufferCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
bufferCreateInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateBuffer(device, &bufferCreateInfo, nullptr, &stagingBuffer));
// Get memory requirements for the staging buffer (alignment, memory type bits)
vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(device, stagingBuffer, &memReqs);
memAllocInfo.allocationSize = memReqs.size;
// Get memory type index for a host visible buffer
memAllocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = vulkanDevice->getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT);
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateMemory(device, &memAllocInfo, nullptr, &stagingMemory));
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBindBufferMemory(device, stagingBuffer, stagingMemory, 0));
// Copy texture data into staging buffer
uint8_t *data;
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkMapMemory(device, stagingMemory, 0, memReqs.size, 0, (void **)&data));
memcpy(data, texCube.data(), texCube.size());
vkUnmapMemory(device, stagingMemory);
// Create optimal tiled target image
VkImageCreateInfo imageCreateInfo = vks::initializers::imageCreateInfo();
imageCreateInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
imageCreateInfo.format = format;
imageCreateInfo.mipLevels = cubeMap.mipLevels;
imageCreateInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
imageCreateInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
imageCreateInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
imageCreateInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
imageCreateInfo.extent = { cubeMap.width, cubeMap.height, 1 };
imageCreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
// Cube faces count as array layers in Vulkan
imageCreateInfo.arrayLayers = 6;
// This flag is required for cube map images
imageCreateInfo.flags = VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT;
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImage(device, &imageCreateInfo, nullptr, &cubeMap.image));
vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, cubeMap.image, &memReqs);
memAllocInfo.allocationSize = memReqs.size;
memAllocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = vulkanDevice->getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateMemory(device, &memAllocInfo, nullptr, &cubeMap.deviceMemory));
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBindImageMemory(device, cubeMap.image, cubeMap.deviceMemory, 0));
VkCommandBuffer copyCmd = createCommandBuffer(VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY, true);
// Setup buffer copy regions for each face including all of it's miplevels
std::vector<VkBufferImageCopy> bufferCopyRegions;
uint32_t offset = 0;
for (uint32_t face = 0; face < 6; face++)
{
for (uint32_t level = 0; level < cubeMap.mipLevels; level++)
{
VkBufferImageCopy bufferCopyRegion = {};
bufferCopyRegion.imageSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
bufferCopyRegion.imageSubresource.mipLevel = level;
bufferCopyRegion.imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = face;
bufferCopyRegion.imageSubresource.layerCount = 1;
bufferCopyRegion.imageExtent.width = texCube[face][level].extent().x;
bufferCopyRegion.imageExtent.height = texCube[face][level].extent().y;
bufferCopyRegion.imageExtent.depth = 1;
bufferCopyRegion.bufferOffset = offset;
bufferCopyRegions.push_back(bufferCopyRegion);
// Increase offset into staging buffer for next level / face
offset += texCube[face][level].size();
}
}
// Image barrier for optimal image (target)
// Set initial layout for all array layers (faces) of the optimal (target) tiled texture
VkImageSubresourceRange subresourceRange = {};
subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
subresourceRange.levelCount = cubeMap.mipLevels;
subresourceRange.layerCount = 6;
vks::tools::setImageLayout(
copyCmd,
cubeMap.image,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
subresourceRange);
// Copy the cube map faces from the staging buffer to the optimal tiled image
vkCmdCopyBufferToImage(
copyCmd,
stagingBuffer,
cubeMap.image,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
static_cast<uint32_t>(bufferCopyRegions.size()),
bufferCopyRegions.data()
);
// Change texture image layout to shader read after all faces have been copied
cubeMap.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
vks::tools::setImageLayout(
copyCmd,
cubeMap.image,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
cubeMap.imageLayout,
subresourceRange);
flushCommandBuffer(copyCmd, graphicsQueue, true);
// Create sampler
VkSamplerCreateInfo sampler = vks::initializers::samplerCreateInfo();
sampler.magFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
sampler.minFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
sampler.mipmapMode = VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR;
sampler.addressModeU = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE;
sampler.addressModeV = sampler.addressModeU;
sampler.addressModeW = sampler.addressModeU;
sampler.mipLodBias = 0.0f;
sampler.compareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_NEVER;
sampler.minLod = 0.0f;
sampler.maxLod = cubeMap.mipLevels;
sampler.borderColor = VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_OPAQUE_WHITE;
sampler.maxAnisotropy = 1.0f;
if (vulkanDevice->features.samplerAnisotropy)
{
sampler.maxAnisotropy = vulkanDevice->properties.limits.maxSamplerAnisotropy;
sampler.anisotropyEnable = VK_TRUE;
}
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateSampler(device, &sampler, nullptr, &cubeMap.sampler));
// Create image view
VkImageViewCreateInfo view = vks::initializers::imageViewCreateInfo();
// Cube map view type
view.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE;
view.format = format;
view.components = { VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R, VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G, VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B, VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A };
view.subresourceRange = { VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 1, 0, 1 };
// 6 array layers (faces)
view.subresourceRange.layerCount = 6;
// Set number of mip levels
view.subresourceRange.levelCount = cubeMap.mipLevels;
view.image = cubeMap.image;
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImageView(device, &view, nullptr, &cubeMap.view));
// Clean up staging resources
vkFreeMemory(device, stagingMemory, nullptr);
vkDestroyBuffer(device, stagingBuffer, nullptr);
}
void createImage(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t mipLevels, VkSampleCountFlagBits numSamples, VkFormat format, VkImageTiling tiling, VkImageUsageFlags usage, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, VkImage& image, VkDeviceMemory& imageMemory) {
VkImageCreateInfo imageInfo = {};
imageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
imageInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
imageInfo.extent.width = width;
imageInfo.extent.height = height;
imageInfo.extent.depth = 1;
imageInfo.mipLevels = mipLevels;
imageInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
imageInfo.format = format;
imageInfo.tiling = tiling;
imageInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
imageInfo.usage = usage;
imageInfo.samples = numSamples;
imageInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
if (vkCreateImage(device, &imageInfo, nullptr, &image) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create image!");
}
VkMemoryRequirements memRequirements;
vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, image, &memRequirements);
VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
allocInfo.allocationSize = memRequirements.size;
allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = findMemoryType(memRequirements.memoryTypeBits, properties);
if (vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocInfo, nullptr, &imageMemory) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate image memory!");
}
vkBindImageMemory(device, image, imageMemory, 0);
}
void transitionImageLayout(VkImage image, VkFormat format, VkImageLayout oldLayout, VkImageLayout newLayout, uint32_t mipLevels) {
VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = beginSingleTimeCommands();
VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier = {};
barrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
barrier.oldLayout = oldLayout;
barrier.newLayout = newLayout;
barrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
barrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
barrier.image = image;
//barrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
barrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
barrier.subresourceRange.levelCount = mipLevels;
barrier.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
barrier.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
if (newLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL) {
barrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
if (hasStencilComponent(format)) {
barrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask |= VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
}
}
else {
barrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
}
VkPipelineStageFlags sourceStage;
VkPipelineStageFlags destinationStage;
if (oldLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED && newLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL) {
barrier.srcAccessMask = 0;
barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
sourceStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT;
destinationStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
}
else if (oldLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL && newLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL) {
barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;
sourceStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
destinationStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT;
}
else if (oldLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED && newLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL) {
barrier.srcAccessMask = 0;
barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
sourceStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT;
destinationStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT;
}
else if (oldLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED && newLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL) {
barrier.srcAccessMask = 0;
barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
sourceStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT;
destinationStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
}
else {
throw std::invalid_argument("unsupported layout transition!");
}
vkCmdPipelineBarrier(
commandBuffer,
sourceStage, destinationStage,
0,
0, nullptr,
0, nullptr,
1, &barrier
);
endSingleTimeCommands(commandBuffer);
}
void copyBufferToImage(VkBuffer buffer, VkImage image, uint32_t width, uint32_t height) {
VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = beginSingleTimeCommands();
VkBufferImageCopy region = {};
region.bufferOffset = 0;
region.bufferRowLength = 0;
region.bufferImageHeight = 0;
region.imageSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
region.imageSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
region.imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
region.imageSubresource.layerCount = 1;
region.imageOffset = { 0, 0, 0 };
region.imageExtent = {
width,
height,
1
};
vkCmdCopyBufferToImage(commandBuffer, buffer, image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, ®ion);
endSingleTimeCommands(commandBuffer);
}
void loadModels() {
// Skybox
models.skybox.loadFromFile("models/cube.obj", vertexLayout, 0.05f, vulkanDevice, graphicsQueue);
// Objects
//std::vector<std::string> filenames = { "sphere.obj", "teapot.dae", "torusknot.obj", "venus.fbx" };
std::vector<std::string> filenames = { "sphere.obj" };
objectNames = { "Sphere", "Teapot", "Torusknot", "Venus" };
for (auto file : filenames) {
vks::Model model;
model.loadFromFile("models/" + file, vertexLayout, 0.05f * (file == "venus.fbx" ? 3.0f : 1.0f), vulkanDevice, graphicsQueue);
models.objects.push_back(model);
}
}
// Prepare and initialize uniform buffer containing shader uniforms
void prepareUniformBuffers()
{
// Objact vertex shader uniform buffer
if (vulkanDevice->createBuffer(
VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT,
VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT,
&uniformBuffers.object,
sizeof(uboVS)) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate image memory!");
}
// Skybox vertex shader uniform buffer
if (vulkanDevice->createBuffer(
VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT,
VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT,
&uniformBuffers.skybox,
sizeof(uboVS)) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate image memory!");
}
// Map persistent
if (uniformBuffers.object.map() != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate image memory!");
}
if (uniformBuffers.skybox.map() != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate image memory!");
}
updateUniformBuffers();
}
void setupDescriptorPool()
{
std::vector<VkDescriptorPoolSize> poolSizes =
{
vks::initializers::descriptorPoolSize(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 2),
vks::initializers::descriptorPoolSize(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 2)
};
VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo descriptorPoolInfo =
vks::initializers::descriptorPoolCreateInfo(
poolSizes.size(),
poolSizes.data(),
2);
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateDescriptorPool(device, &descriptorPoolInfo, nullptr, &descriptorPool));
}
void setupDescriptorSetLayout()
{
std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> setLayoutBindings =
{
// Binding 0 : Vertex shader uniform buffer
vks::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutBinding(
VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
0),
// Binding 1 : Fragment shader image sampler
vks::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutBinding(
VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
1)
};
VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo descriptorLayout =
vks::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo(
setLayoutBindings.data(),
setLayoutBindings.size());
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device, &descriptorLayout, nullptr, &descriptorSetLayout));
VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pPipelineLayoutCreateInfo =
vks::initializers::pipelineLayoutCreateInfo(
&descriptorSetLayout,
1);
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pPipelineLayoutCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayout));
}
void setupDescriptorSets()
{
// Image descriptor for the cube map texture
VkDescriptorImageInfo textureDescriptor =
vks::initializers::descriptorImageInfo(
cubeMap.sampler,
cubeMap.view,
cubeMap.imageLayout);
VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocInfo =
vks::initializers::descriptorSetAllocateInfo(
descriptorPool,
&descriptorSetLayout,
1);
// 3D object descriptor set
vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device, &allocInfo, &descriptorSets.object);
std::vector<VkWriteDescriptorSet> writeDescriptorSets =
{
// Binding 0 : Vertex shader uniform buffer
vks::initializers::writeDescriptorSet(
descriptorSets.object,
VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
0,
&uniformBuffers.object.descriptor),
// Binding 1 : Fragment shader cubemap sampler
vks::initializers::writeDescriptorSet(
descriptorSets.object,
VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
1,
&textureDescriptor)
};
vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device, writeDescriptorSets.size(), writeDescriptorSets.data(), 0, NULL);
// Sky box descriptor set
vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device, &allocInfo, &descriptorSets.skybox);
writeDescriptorSets =
{
// Binding 0 : Vertex shader uniform buffer
vks::initializers::writeDescriptorSet(
descriptorSets.skybox,
VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
0,
&uniformBuffers.skybox.descriptor),
// Binding 1 : Fragment shader cubemap sampler
vks::initializers::writeDescriptorSet(
descriptorSets.skybox,
VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,
1,
&textureDescriptor)
};
vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device, writeDescriptorSets.size(), writeDescriptorSets.data(), 0, NULL);
}
//创建缓冲区
void createBuffer(VkDeviceSize size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, VkBuffer& buffer, VkDeviceMemory& bufferMemory) {
//创建缓冲区
VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = {};
bufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
bufferInfo.size = size;
bufferInfo.usage = usage;
bufferInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
if (vkCreateBuffer(device, &bufferInfo, nullptr, &buffer) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create buffer!");
}
//内存需求
VkMemoryRequirements memRequirements;
vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(device, buffer, &memRequirements);
//内存分配
VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
allocInfo.allocationSize = memRequirements.size;
allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = findMemoryType(memRequirements.memoryTypeBits, properties);
if (vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocInfo, nullptr, &bufferMemory) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate buffer memory!");
}
//将内存关联到缓冲区
vkBindBufferMemory(device, buffer, bufferMemory, 0);
}
//用于从一个缓冲区拷贝数据到另一个缓冲区
void copyBuffer(VkBuffer srcBuffer, VkBuffer dstBuffer, VkDeviceSize size) {
VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
allocInfo.commandPool = commandPool;
allocInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer;
vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocInfo, &commandBuffer);
VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo = {};
beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
beginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;
vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &beginInfo);
VkBufferCopy copyRegion = {};
copyRegion.size = size;
vkCmdCopyBuffer(commandBuffer, srcBuffer, dstBuffer, 1, ©Region);
vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer);
VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer;
vkQueueSubmit(graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
vkQueueWaitIdle(graphicsQueue);
vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, commandPool, 1, &commandBuffer);
}
VkCommandBuffer beginSingleTimeCommands() {
VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
allocInfo.commandPool = commandPool;
allocInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer;
vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocInfo, &commandBuffer);
VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo = {};
beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
beginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;
vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &beginInfo);
return commandBuffer;
}
void endSingleTimeCommands(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer) {
vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer);
VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer;
vkQueueSubmit(graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
vkQueueWaitIdle(graphicsQueue);
vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, commandPool, 1, &commandBuffer);
}
uint32_t findMemoryType(uint32_t typeFilter, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties) {
VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memProperties;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice, &memProperties);
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < memProperties.memoryTypeCount; i++) {
if ((typeFilter & (1 << i)) && (memProperties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & properties) == properties) {
return i;
}
}
throw std::runtime_error("failed to find suitable memory type!");
}
void createFramebuffers() {
swapChainFramebuffers.resize(swapChainImageViews.size());
for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImageViews.size(); i++) {
//渲染通道就绪后，修改createframebuffer并将新的图像视图添加到列表中:
std::array<VkImageView, 3> attachments = {
colorImageView,
depthImageView,
swapChainImageViews[i]
};
VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebufferInfo = {};
framebufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
framebufferInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
framebufferInfo.attachmentCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(attachments.size());
framebufferInfo.pAttachments = attachments.data();
framebufferInfo.width = swapChainExtent.width;
framebufferInfo.height = swapChainExtent.height;
framebufferInfo.layers = 1;
if (vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &framebufferInfo, nullptr, &swapChainFramebuffers[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create framebuffer!");
}
}
}
void preparePipelines()
{
VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssemblyState =
vks::initializers::pipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo(
VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST,
0,
VK_FALSE);
VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizationState =
vks::initializers::pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo(
VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL,
VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT,
VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE,
0);
VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState blendAttachmentState =
vks::initializers::pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState(
0xf,
VK_FALSE);
VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlendState =
vks::initializers::pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo(
1,
&blendAttachmentState);
VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencilState =
vks::initializers::pipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo(
VK_FALSE,
VK_FALSE,
VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL);
VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState =
vks::initializers::pipelineViewportStateCreateInfo(1, 1, 0);
VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampleState =
vks::initializers::pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo(
VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
0);
std::vector<VkDynamicState> dynamicStateEnables = {
VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR
};
VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicState =
vks::initializers::pipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo(
dynamicStateEnables.data(),
dynamicStateEnables.size(),
0);
// Vertex bindings and attributes
VkVertexInputBindingDescription vertexInputBinding =
vks::initializers::vertexInputBindingDescription(0, vertexLayout.stride(), VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX);
std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> vertexInputAttributes = {
vks::initializers::vertexInputAttributeDescription(0, 0, VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT, 0), // Location 0: Position
vks::initializers::vertexInputAttributeDescription(0, 1, VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT, sizeof(float) * 3), // Location 1: Normal
};
VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputState = vks::initializers::pipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo();
vertexInputState.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 1;
vertexInputState.pVertexBindingDescriptions = &vertexInputBinding;
vertexInputState.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(vertexInputAttributes.size());
vertexInputState.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = vertexInputAttributes.data();
std::array<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, 2> shaderStages;
VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineCreateInfo = vks::initializers::pipelineCreateInfo(pipelineLayout, renderPass, 0);
pipelineCreateInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssemblyState;
pipelineCreateInfo.pRasterizationState = &rasterizationState;
pipelineCreateInfo.pColorBlendState = &colorBlendState;
pipelineCreateInfo.pMultisampleState = &multisampleState;
pipelineCreateInfo.pViewportState = &viewportState;
pipelineCreateInfo.pDepthStencilState = &depthStencilState;
pipelineCreateInfo.pDynamicState = &dynamicState;
pipelineCreateInfo.stageCount = shaderStages.size();
pipelineCreateInfo.pStages = shaderStages.data();
pipelineCreateInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertexInputState;
// Skybox pipeline (background cube)
shaderStages[0] = loadShader("shaders/texturecubemap/skybox.vert.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);
shaderStages[1] = loadShader("shaders/texturecubemap/skybox.frag.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);
vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelines.skybox);
// Cube map reflect pipeline
shaderStages[0] = loadShader("shaders/texturecubemap/reflect.vert.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);
shaderStages[1] = loadShader("shaders/texturecubemap/reflect.frag.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);
// Enable depth test and write
depthStencilState.depthWriteEnable = VK_TRUE;
depthStencilState.depthTestEnable = VK_TRUE;
// Flip cull mode
rasterizationState.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_FRONT_BIT;
vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelines.reflect);
}
bool checkDeviceExtensionSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
uint32_t extensionCount;
vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr);
std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> availableExtensions(extensionCount);
vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, availableExtensions.data());
std::set<std::string> requiredExtensions(deviceExtensions.begin(), deviceExtensions.end());
for (const auto& extension : availableExtensions) {
requiredExtensions.erase(extension.extensionName);
}
return requiredExtensions.empty();
}
VkExtent2D chooseSwapExtent(const VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR& capabilities) {
if (capabilities.currentExtent.width != std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
return capabilities.currentExtent;
}
else {
int width, height;
glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
VkExtent2D actualExtent = {
static_cast<uint32_t>(width),
static_cast<uint32_t>(height)
};
//VkExtent2D actualExtent = { WIDTH, HEIGHT };
actualExtent.width = std::max(capabilities.minImageExtent.width, std::min(capabilities.maxImageExtent.width, actualExtent.width));
actualExtent.height = std::max(capabilities.minImageExtent.height, std::min(capabilities.maxImageExtent.height, actualExtent.height));
return actualExtent;
}
}
SwapChainSupportDetails querySwapChainSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
SwapChainSupportDetails details;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(device, surface, &details.capabilities);
uint32_t formatCount;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, nullptr);
if (formatCount != 0) {
details.formats.resize(formatCount);
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, details.formats.data());
}
uint32_t presentModeCount;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr);
if (presentModeCount != 0) {
details.presentModes.resize(presentModeCount);
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &presentModeCount, details.presentModes.data());
}
return details;
}
VkSurfaceFormatKHR chooseSwapSurfaceFormat(const std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR>& availableFormats) {
if (availableFormats.size() == 1 && availableFormats[0].format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
return { VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR };
}
for (const auto& availableFormat : availableFormats) {
if (availableFormat.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM && availableFormat.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR) {
return availableFormat;
}
}
return availableFormats[0];
}
VkPresentModeKHR chooseSwapPresentMode(const std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> availablePresentModes) {
VkPresentModeKHR bestMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
for (const auto& availablePresentMode : availablePresentModes) {
if (availablePresentMode == VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR) {
return availablePresentMode;
}
else if (availablePresentMode == VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR) {
bestMode = availablePresentMode;
}
}
return bestMode;
}
QueueFamilyIndices findQueueFamilies(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
QueueFamilyIndices indices;
uint32_t queueFamilyCount = 0;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr);
std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilies(queueFamilyCount);
vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilies.data());
int i = 0;
for (const auto& queueFamily : queueFamilies) {
if (queueFamily.queueCount > 0 && queueFamily.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
indices.graphicsFamily = i;
}
VkBool32 presentSupport = false;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(device, i, surface, &presentSupport);
if (presentSupport) {
indices.presentFamily = i;
}
if (indices.isComplete()) {
break;
}
i++;
}
return indices;
}
std::vector<const char*> getRequiredExtensions() {
uint32_t glfwExtensionCount = 0;
const char** glfwExtensions;
glfwExtensions = glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions(&glfwExtensionCount);
std::vector<const char*> extensions(glfwExtensions, glfwExtensions + glfwExtensionCount);
if (enableValidationLayers) {
extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME);
}
return extensions;
}
bool checkValidationLayerSupport() {
uint32_t layerCount;
vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, nullptr);
std::vector<VkLayerProperties> availableLayers(layerCount);
vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, availableLayers.data());
for (const char* layerName : validationLayers) {
bool layerFound = false;
for (const auto& layerProperties : availableLayers) {
if (strcmp(layerName, layerProperties.layerName) == 0) {
layerFound = true;
break;
}
}
if (!layerFound) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debugCallback(VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity, VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageType, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT* pCallbackData, void* pUserData) {
std::cerr << "validation layer: " << pCallbackData->pMessage << std::endl;
return VK_FALSE;
}
#define SHADOWMAP_DIM 2048
// Offscreen frame buffer properties
#define FB_COLOR_FORMAT VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM
// 16 bits of depth is enough for such a small scene
#define DEPTH_FORMAT VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM
#define SHADOWMAP_FILTER VK_FILTER_LINEAR
#define VERTEX_BUFFER_BIND_ID 0
bool displayShadowMap = false;
// Keep depth range as small as possible
// for better shadow map precision
float zNear = 1.0f;
float zFar = 96.0f;
float zoom = 0;
glm::vec3 rotation = glm::vec3();
float lightFOV = 45.0f;
VkClearColorValue defaultClearColor = { { 0.1f, 0.1f, 0.3f, 0.5f } };
// Depth bias (and slope) are used to avoid shadowing artefacts
// Constant depth bias factor (always applied)
float depthBiasConstant = 1.25f;
// Slope depth bias factor, applied depending on polygon's slope
float depthBiasSlope = 1.75f;
/** @brief Pipeline stages used to wait at for graphics queue submissions */
VkPipelineStageFlags submitPipelineStages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
VkBool32 getSupportedDepthFormat()
{
// Since all depth formats may be optional, we need to find a suitable depth format to use
// Start with the highest precision packed format
std::vector<VkFormat> depthFormats = {
VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT,
VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT,
VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT,
VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM_S8_UINT,
VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM
};
for (auto& format : depthFormats)
{
VkFormatProperties formatProps;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(physicalDevice, format, &formatProps);
// Format must support depth stencil attachment for optimal tiling
if (formatProps.optimalTilingFeatures & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT)
{
depthFormat = format;
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
void createPipelineCache()
{
VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo pipelineCacheCreateInfo = {};
pipelineCacheCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_INFO;
if (vkCreatePipelineCache(device, &pipelineCacheCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelineCache)) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create image!");
}
}
/**
* Create a buffer on the device
*
* @param usageFlags Usage flag bitmask for the buffer (i.e. index, vertex, uniform buffer)
* @param memoryPropertyFlags Memory properties for this buffer (i.e. device local, host visible, coherent)
* @param buffer Pointer to a vk::Vulkan buffer object
* @param size Size of the buffer in byes
* @param data Pointer to the data that should be copied to the buffer after creation (optional, if not set, no data is copied over)
*
* @return VK_SUCCESS if buffer handle and memory have been created and (optionally passed) data has been copied
*/
VkResult createBuffer(VkBufferUsageFlags usageFlags, VkMemoryPropertyFlags memoryPropertyFlags, vks::Buffer *buffer, VkDeviceSize size, void *data = nullptr)
{
buffer->device = device;
// Create the buffer handle
VkBufferCreateInfo bufferCreateInfo{};
bufferCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
bufferCreateInfo.usage = usageFlags;
bufferCreateInfo.size = size;
if (vkCreateBuffer(device, &bufferCreateInfo, nullptr, &buffer->buffer)) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create!");
}
// Create the memory backing up the buffer handle
VkMemoryRequirements memReqs;
VkMemoryAllocateInfo memAlloc{};
memAlloc.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(device, buffer->buffer, &memReqs);
memAlloc.allocationSize = memReqs.size;
// Find a memory type index that fits the properties of the buffer
memAlloc.memoryTypeIndex = findMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, memoryPropertyFlags);
if (vkAllocateMemory(device, &memAlloc, nullptr, &buffer->memory)) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create!");
}
buffer->alignment = memReqs.alignment;
buffer->size = memAlloc.allocationSize;
buffer->usageFlags = usageFlags;
buffer->memoryPropertyFlags = memoryPropertyFlags;
// If a pointer to the buffer data has been passed, map the buffer and copy over the data
if (data != nullptr)
{
if (buffer->map()) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create!");
}
memcpy(buffer->mapped, data, size);
buffer->unmap();
}
// Initialize a default descriptor that covers the whole buffer size
buffer->setupDescriptor();
// Attach the memory to the buffer object
return buffer->bind();
}
VkShaderModule loadShader(const char *fileName, VkDevice device)
{
std::ifstream is(fileName, std::ios::binary | std::ios::in | std::ios::ate);
if (is.is_open())
{
size_t size = is.tellg();
is.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
char* shaderCode = new char[size];
is.read(shaderCode, size);
is.close();
assert(size > 0);
VkShaderModule shaderModule;
VkShaderModuleCreateInfo moduleCreateInfo{};
moduleCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
moduleCreateInfo.codeSize = size;
moduleCreateInfo.pCode = (uint32_t*)shaderCode;
if (vkCreateShaderModule(device, &moduleCreateInfo, NULL, &shaderModule))
{
}
delete[] shaderCode;
return shaderModule;
}
else
{
std::cerr << "Error: Could not open shader file \"" << fileName << "\"" << std::endl;
return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
}
}
VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo loadShader(std::string fileName, VkShaderStageFlagBits stage)
{
VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStage = {};
shaderStage.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
shaderStage.stage = stage;
shaderStage.module = loadShader(fileName.c_str(), device);
shaderStage.pName = "main"; // todo : make param
assert(shaderStage.module != VK_NULL_HANDLE);
shaderModules.push_back(shaderStage.module);
return shaderStage;
}
/**
* Allocate a command buffer from the command pool
*
* @param level Level of the new command buffer (primary or secondary)
* @param (Optional) begin If true, recording on the new command buffer will be started (vkBeginCommandBuffer) (Defaults to false)
*
* @return A handle to the allocated command buffer
*/
VkCommandBuffer createCommandBuffer(VkCommandBufferLevel level, bool begin = false)
{
VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo cmdBufAllocateInfo = vks::initializers::commandBufferAllocateInfo(commandPool, level, 1);
VkCommandBuffer cmdBuffer;
if (vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &cmdBufAllocateInfo, &cmdBuffer) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to record command buffer!");
}
// If requested, also start recording for the new command buffer
if (begin)
{
VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufInfo = vks::initializers::commandBufferBeginInfo();
if (vkBeginCommandBuffer(cmdBuffer, &cmdBufInfo) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to record command buffer!");
}
}
return cmdBuffer;
}
void flushCommandBuffer(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, VkQueue queue, bool free)
{
if (commandBuffer == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
{
return;
}
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer));
VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer;
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE));
VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkQueueWaitIdle(queue));
if (free)
{
vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, commandPool, 1, &commandBuffer);
}
}
};
int main() {
HelloTriangleApplication app;
try {
app.run();
}
catch (const std::exception& e) {
std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
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