方程只在导电媒质中(电源外)成立 积分形式 ∮ S j ⋅ d S = 0 \oint_S j ·dS = 0 ∮Sj⋅dS=0 ∮ E ⋅ d l = 0 \oint_E ·dl = 0 ∮E⋅dl=0 微分形式 ∇ ⋅ J = 0 \nabla ·J = 0 ∇⋅J=0 ∇ × E = 0 \nabla \times E = 0 ∇×E=0