Linux驱动 | MPU6050驱动(I2C)

MPU6050

2. MPU6050模块 — [野火]STM32模块例程介绍 文档
https://doc.embedfire.com/module/module_tutorial/zh/latest/Module_Manual/iic_class/mpu6050.html

Linux驱动 = 硬件操作 + 驱动框架
所以对于MPU6050的原理和驱动代码实现参考单片机的即可。

MPU6050驱动实现

设备树

设备树参考: 可参考NXP公板的设备树的I2C节点

&i2c1 {
	clock-frequency = <100000>;
	pinctrl-names = "default";
	pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_i2c1>;
	status = "okay";
	...
	mag3110@e {
		compatible = "fsl,mag3110";
		reg = <0xe>;
		position = <2>;
	};

	fxls8471@1e {
		compatible = "fsl,fxls8471";
		reg = <0x1e>;
		position = <0>;
		interrupt-parent = <&gpio5>;
		interrupts = <0 8>;
	};
};
  • mag3110和fxls8471是NXP公板上挂在I2C1的两个芯片

编写设备树:
imx6ull-mmc-npi.dts文件中添加节点:

&i2c1 {	
	clock-frequency = <100000>; 
	pinctrl-names = "default"; 
	pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_i2c1>;   
	status = "okay"; 
	#address-cells = <1>;
	#size-cells = <0>;    
   /* 设备树修改查看是否修改成功,查看内核目录/sys/bus/i2c/devices/看是否存在0x1E地址的设备 */
	
	mpu6050@68 {
		compatible = "xgj,mpu6050";
		status = "okay"; 
		reg = <0x68>;
		interrupt-parent = <&gpio5>;
		interrupts = <0 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_LOW>;
	};          
};

因为mpu6050芯片是挂载在i2c1,将其设备节点追加在i2c节点下

  • compatible ,驱动根据该值和设备树进行匹配
  • reg, i2c设备地址
  • interrupt-parent,芯片中断脚在哪个中断控制器下
  • interrupts ,中断引脚号0和IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_LOW低电平触发

设备树编译:

ares@ubuntu:~/work/ebf_linux_kernel-ebf_4.19.35_imx6ul$ cat make_dtb.sh
#!/bin/sh

make ARCH=arm -j4 CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- dtbs

将设备树拷贝系统目录:

debian@npi:~/nfs_root/driver$ cat cp_dtb_to_linux.sh
#!/bin/sh

sudo cp imx6ull-mmc-npi.dtb /usr/lib/linux-image-4.19.35-carp-imx6/
  • /usr/lib/linux-image-4.19.35-carp-imx6/ ,系统存放设备树的目录

重启系统设备树生效:

sudo reboot

通过查看系统目录 /sys/firmware/devicetree/base/ 看是否存在mpu6050的设备树节点判定设备树是否生效

驱动编写

1、MPU6050硬件操作

这部分内容和单片机程序差不多。

mpu6050_def.h :

#ifndef _MPU6050_DEF_H_
#define _MPU6050_DEF_H_

typedef unsigned char   uint8_t;

/* register define */
#define MPU6050_SMPLRT_DIV                                  0x19     /* */
#define MPU6050_CONFIG                                      0x1A    
#define MPU6050_GYRO_CONFIG                                 0x1B
#define MPU6050_ACCEL_CONFIG                                0x1C
#define MPU6050_ACCEL_XOUT_H                                0x3B
#define MPU6050_ACCEL_XOUT_L                                0x3C
#define MPU6050_ACCEL_YOUT_H                                0x3D
#define MPU6050_ACCEL_YOUT_L                                0x3E
#define MPU6050_ACCEL_ZOUT_H                                0x3F
#define MPU6050_ACCEL_ZOUT_L                                0x40
#define MPU6050_TEMP_OUT_H                                  0x41
#define MPU6050_TEMP_OUT_L                                  0x42
#define MPU6050_GYRO_XOUT_H                                 0x43
#define MPU6050_GYRO_XOUT_L                                 0x44
#define MPU6050_GYRO_YOUT_H                                 0x45
#define MPU6050_GYRO_YOUT_L                                 0x46
#define MPU6050_GYRO_ZOUT_H                                 0x47
#define MPU6050_GYRO_ZOUT_L                                 0x48
#define MPU6050_PWR_MGMT_1                                  0x6B       /* power managemnt register */
#define MPU6050_WHO_AM_I                                    0x75       /* default value :  IIC addr 0x68 */

/* interrupt status register */
#define MPU6050_INT_STATUS                                  0x3A
#define MPU6050_INT_ENABLE                                  0x38
#define MPU6050_INT_PIN_CFG                                 0x37

// #define I2C_RETRIES                                 0x0701
// #define I2C_TIMEOUT                                 0x0702
// #define I2C_SLAVE                                   0x0703             //IIC从器件的地址设置
// #define I2C_BUS_MODE                                0x0780

// #define MPU6050_SlaveAddress                                  0xD0
// #define MPU6050_IIC_ADDR                                      0x68                  //MPU6050 IIC Address

struct mpu6050_accel {
    short x;
    short y;
    short z;
};

struct mpu6050_gyro {
    short x;
    short y;
    short z;
};

struct mpu6050_data {
    struct mpu6050_accel accel;
    struct mpu6050_gyro gyro;
};

#endif /* _MPU6050_DEF_H_ */

static int mpu6050_i2c_write_reg(struct i2c_client *client, uint8_t reg_addr, uint8_t data)
{
    int ret = 0;
    uint8_t w_buf[2];

    struct i2c_msg msg;

    w_buf[0] = reg_addr;
    w_buf[1] = data;

    msg.addr = client->addr;
    msg.buf = w_buf;
    msg.flags = 0; /* I2C direction : write */
    msg.len = sizeof(w_buf);

    ret = i2c_transfer(client->adapter, &msg, 1);
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;
    else if (ret != 1)
        return -EIO;

    return 0;
}

static int mpu6050_i2c_read_reg(struct i2c_client *client, uint8_t reg_addr, uint8_t *data)
{
    int ret = 0;
    struct i2c_msg msgs[2];

    msgs[0].addr = client->addr;
    msgs[0].buf = &reg_addr; /* send regsiter */
    msgs[0].flags = 0;       /* I2C direction : write */
    msgs[0].len = 1;

    msgs[1].addr = client->addr;
    msgs[1].buf = data;       /* 读取寄存器数据 */
    msgs[1].flags = I2C_M_RD; /* I2C direction : read */
    msgs[1].len = 1;

    ret = i2c_transfer(client->adapter, msgs, 2); /* */
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;
    else if (ret != 2)
        return -EIO;

    return 0;
}

static int mpu6050_init(void)
{
    uint8_t reg_val = 0;
    int ret = 0;

    /* 解除休眠状态 */
    ret = mpu6050_i2c_write_reg(mpu6050_dev->client, MPU6050_PWR_MGMT_1, 0x00); /*  */

    /*  陀螺仪采样频率输出设置 */
    ret = mpu6050_i2c_write_reg(mpu6050_dev->client, MPU6050_SMPLRT_DIV, 0x07);

    ret = mpu6050_i2c_write_reg(mpu6050_dev->client, MPU6050_CONFIG, 0x06);

    /* 配置加速度传感器工作在 16G 模式, 不自检 */
    ret = mpu6050_i2c_write_reg(mpu6050_dev->client, MPU6050_ACCEL_CONFIG, 0x18);

    /* 陀螺仪自检及测量范围,典型值:0x18(不自检,2000deg/s) */
    ret = mpu6050_i2c_write_reg(mpu6050_dev->client, MPU6050_GYRO_CONFIG, 0x18);
#if MPU6050_USE_INT 
    /* 配置中断产生时中断引脚为低电平 */
    ret = mpu6050_i2c_read_reg(mpu6050_dev->client, MPU6050_INT_PIN_CFG, &reg_val);
    reg_val |= 0xC0;
    mpu6050_i2c_write_reg(mpu6050_dev->client, MPU6050_INT_PIN_CFG, reg_val);

    /* 开启数据就绪中断 */
    ret = mpu6050_i2c_read_reg(mpu6050_dev->client, MPU6050_INT_ENABLE, &reg_val);
    reg_val |= 0x01;
    mpu6050_i2c_write_reg(mpu6050_dev->client, MPU6050_INT_ENABLE, reg_val);
#endif
    return ret;
}

static int mpu6050_deinit(void)
{
    int ret = 0;
    /* mpu6050复位, 寄存器恢复默认值 */
    ret = mpu6050_i2c_write_reg(mpu6050_dev->client, MPU6050_PWR_MGMT_1, 0x80);
    return ret;
}

static int mpu6050_read_id(uint8_t *id)
{
    uint8_t data;
    int ret = 0;

    ret = mpu6050_i2c_read_reg(mpu6050_dev->client, MPU6050_WHO_AM_I, &data);

    if (id != NULL)
        *id = data;

    if (data != MPU6050_IIC_ADDR)
        ret = -1;

    return ret;
}

static int mpu6050_read_accel(struct mpu6050_accel *acc)
{
    int i = 0;
    int ret = 0;
    uint8_t data[6] = {0};

    for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
    {
        ret = mpu6050_i2c_read_reg(mpu6050_dev->client, MPU6050_ACCEL_XOUT_H+i, &data[i]);
    }
    acc->x = (data[0] << 8) + data[1];
    acc->y = (data[2] << 8) + data[3];
    acc->z = (data[4] << 8) + data[5];
    return ret;
}

static int mpu6050_read_gyro(struct mpu6050_gyro *gyro)
{
    int i = 0;
    int ret = 0;
    uint8_t data[6] = {0};

    for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
    {
        ret = mpu6050_i2c_read_reg(mpu6050_dev->client, MPU6050_GYRO_XOUT_H+i, &data[i]);
    }
    gyro->x = (data[0] << 8) + data[1];
    gyro->y = (data[2] << 8) + data[3];
    gyro->z = (data[4] << 8) + data[5];
    return ret;
}

static int mpu6050_read_temp(short *temp)
{
    int i = 0;
    int ret = 0;
    uint8_t data[2] = {0};

    for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
    {
        ret = mpu6050_i2c_read_reg(mpu6050_dev->client, MPU6050_TEMP_OUT_H+i, &data[i]);
    }
    *temp = (data[0] << 8) + data[1];
    return ret;
}

2、linux I2C 驱动框架

在测试使用中断实现,发现中断触发太快和直接读取也没啥区别。

struct mpu6050_device
{
    int irq; /* 中断号 */
    int gpio;
    dev_t dev_no; /* 设备号 */
    struct cdev chrdev;
    struct class *class;
    struct mutex m_lock;
    wait_queue_head_t wq; /* 等待队列 */
    struct mpu6050_data data;
    struct i2c_client *client;
};

static struct mpu6050_device *mpu6050_dev;

static int _drv_open(struct inode *node, struct file *file)
{
    uint8_t id;
    int ret = 0;

    file->private_data = mpu6050_dev;

    ret = mpu6050_init();
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        printk("%d-%s init failed %d\r\n", __LINE__, __FUNCTION__, ret);
        return -ENXIO;
    }

    if (mpu6050_read_id(&id) != 0)
    {
        printk("don't find %s %d\r\n", DEV_NAME, id);
        return -ENXIO;
    }

    gpio_direction_input(mpu6050_dev->gpio);

    printk("%s open %d\r\n", DEV_NAME, __LINE__);
    return 0;
}

static ssize_t _drv_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
    int ret;
    int data_size;
    struct mpu6050_device *tmp_mpu6050 = filp->private_data;
    struct mpu6050_data data;
    
    data_size = sizeof(data);
    if (size != data_size)
        return -EINVAL;
#if MPU6050_USE_INT == 0
    ret = mpu6050_read_accel(&data.accel);

    ret = mpu6050_read_gyro(&data.gyro);
#else

#endif
    if (copy_to_user(buf, &data, sizeof(data)))
    {
        ret = -EFAULT;
    }
    else
    {
        ret = data_size;
    }
    return ret;
}

/* 使驱动支持多路复用IO */
static __poll_t _drv_poll(struct file *filp, struct poll_table_struct *wait)
{
    __poll_t mask = 0;

    // mutex_lock(&mpu6050_dev->m_lock);

    // poll_wait(filp, &mpu6050_dev->wq, wait);

    // mutex_unlock(&sr501.m_lock);

    return mask;
}

static long _drv_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
    int ret = 0;
    uint8_t result = 0;
    short buf[3];
    void __user *user_space = (void __user *)arg;

    switch (cmd)
    {
        case MPU6050_CMD_GET_ID:
            ret = mpu6050_read_id(&result);
            ret = copy_to_user(user_space, &result, sizeof(result));
            break;
        case MPU6050_CMD_GET_ACCEL:
            ret = mpu6050_read_accel((struct mpu6050_accel *)&buf);
            ret = copy_to_user(user_space, &buf, sizeof(buf));
            break;
        case MPU6050_CMD_GET_GYRO:
            ret = mpu6050_read_gyro((struct mpu6050_gyro *)&buf);
            ret = copy_to_user(user_space, &buf, sizeof(buf));
            break;
        case MPU6050_CMD_GET_TEMP:
            ret = mpu6050_read_temp(&buf[0]);
            ret = copy_to_user(user_space, &buf[0], 2);
            break;
    }

    return ret;
}

static int _drv_release(struct inode *node, struct file *filp)
{
    int ret = 0;
    struct mpu6050_device *tmp_mpu6050 = filp->private_data;

    ret = mpu6050_deinit();  
    return ret;
}

static struct file_operations mpu6050_drv_ops = {
    .owner = THIS_MODULE,
    .open = _drv_open,
    .read = _drv_read,
    .poll = _drv_poll,
    .release = _drv_release,
};

static irqreturn_t mpu6050_isr(int irq, void *dev)
{
    uint8_t reg_val;
    // printk("%s %d %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, __FUNCTION__);
    mpu6050_i2c_read_reg(mpu6050_dev->client, MPU6050_INT_STATUS, &reg_val);
    if (reg_val & 0x01)     
    {
        /* 唤醒进程去读取数据 */

        printk("data ready\n");
    }
    return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}



probe和remove函数实现:

static int _driver_probe(struct i2c_client *client, const struct i2c_device_id *id)
{
    int err = 0;
    // int ret = 0;
    struct device *_dev;
    struct device_node *_dts_node;

    mpu6050_dev = (struct mpu6050_device *)kzalloc(sizeof(struct mpu6050_device), GFP_KERNEL);
    if (!mpu6050_dev)
    {
        printk("can't kzalloc mpu6050 dev\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }

    _dts_node = client->dev.of_node;
    if (!_dts_node)
    {
        printk("mpu6050 dts node can not found!\r\n");
        err = -EINVAL;
        goto out_free_dev;
    }

    mpu6050_dev->client = client;

    printk("mpu6050 dtsirq %d !\r\n", client->irq);
#if 1
    // mpu6050_dev->gpio = of_get_named_gpio(_dts_node, AP3216C_READY_GPIO_NAME, 0);   /* 获取gpio */
    // if (!gpio_is_valid( mpu6050_dev->gpio)) {
    //     printk("don't get mpu6050 ready gpio!\n");
    // 	err = -EINVAL;
    //     goto out_free_dev;
    // }

    // mpu6050_dev->irq = gpio_to_irq( mpu6050_dev->gpio);                              /* 通过gpio得到irq */

    // gpiod_direction_input(mpu6050_dev->gpio);          /* 设置gpio为输入 */
    mpu6050_dev->irq = client->irq;
    // mpu6050_dev->gpio = irq_to_gpio(mpu6050_dev->irq);
    err = request_irq(mpu6050_dev->irq, mpu6050_isr, IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING, DEV_NAME, NULL); /* 申请中断 */
    if (err)
    {
        printk(KERN_INFO "failed to request irq %d\r\n", mpu6050_dev->irq);
        goto out_free_dev;
    }
    /* 内核自动分配设备号 */
    err = alloc_chrdev_region(&mpu6050_dev->dev_no, 0, 1, DEV_NAME);
    if (err < 0)
    {
        pr_err("Error: failed to register mbochs_dev, err: %d\n", err);

        goto out_free_irq;
    }

    cdev_init(&mpu6050_dev->chrdev, &mpu6050_drv_ops);
    err = cdev_add(&mpu6050_dev->chrdev, mpu6050_dev->dev_no, 1);
    if (err)
    {
        goto out_unregister;
    }

    mpu6050_dev->class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, DEV_NAME);
    if (IS_ERR(mpu6050_dev->class))
    {
        err = PTR_ERR(mpu6050_dev->class);
        goto out_cdev_del;
    }

    /* 创建设备节点 */
    _dev = device_create(mpu6050_dev->class, NULL, mpu6050_dev->dev_no, NULL, DEV_NAME);
    if (IS_ERR(_dev))
    { /* 判断指针是否合法 */
        err = PTR_ERR(_dev);
        goto out_class_del;
    }

    // mutex_init(&mpu6050_dev->m_lock);                 /* 初始化互斥锁  */

    printk("%s probe success\r\n", DEV_NAME);

    goto out;

out_class_del:
    class_destroy(mpu6050_dev->class);
out_cdev_del:
    cdev_del(&mpu6050_dev->chrdev);
out_unregister:
    unregister_chrdev_region(mpu6050_dev->dev_no, 1); /* 注销设备 */
out_free_irq:
    free_irq(mpu6050_dev->irq, NULL);
out_free_dev:
    kfree(mpu6050_dev);
    mpu6050_dev = NULL;
out:
#endif
    return err;
}

static int _driver_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
{
    device_destroy(mpu6050_dev->class, mpu6050_dev->dev_no);
    class_destroy(mpu6050_dev->class);
    cdev_del(&mpu6050_dev->chrdev);
    unregister_chrdev_region(mpu6050_dev->dev_no, 1); /* 注销设备 */
    free_irq(mpu6050_dev->irq, NULL); /* 释放中断*/
    kfree(mpu6050_dev);
    printk(KERN_INFO "%s success\n", DEV_NAME);

    return 0;
}
  • remove函数只要做一些清理工作,删除设备、删除class、注销设备以及释放内存等。

出口入口函数实现 :

/* 设备树的匹配列表 */
static struct of_device_id dts_match_table[] = {
    {.compatible = MPU6050_DTS_COMPATIBLE}, /* 通过设备树来匹配 */
    {},
};

/* 传统匹配方式 ID 列表 ,即使不使用也要添加,不然probe匹配不成功 */
static const struct i2c_device_id mpu6050_id[] = {
    {MPU6050_DTS_COMPATIBLE, 0},
    {},
};

static struct i2c_driver mpu6050_driver = {
    .probe = _driver_probe,
    .remove = _driver_remove,
    .driver = {
        .name = MPU6050_DTS_COMPATIBLE,
        .owner = THIS_MODULE,
        .of_match_table = dts_match_table, /* 通过设备树匹配 */
    },
    .id_table = mpu6050_id,
};

/* 入口函数 */
static int __init _driver_init(void)
{
    int ret = 0;

    ret = i2c_add_driver(&mpu6050_driver); /* 注册I2C驱动 */
    printk("%s %s\n", DEV_NAME, __FUNCTION__);
    return ret;
}

/*  出口函数 */
static void __exit _driver_exit(void)
{
    printk("%s driver %s\n", DEV_NAME, __FUNCTION__);
    i2c_del_driver(&mpu6050_driver); /* 注销I2C驱动 */
}

module_init(_driver_init);
module_exit(_driver_exit);

MODULE_AUTHOR("Ares");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

测试的app程序编写

#include "stdio.h"
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <stdint.h>

#define DEV_NAME   "/dev/mpu6050"

struct mpu6050_accel {
    short x;
    short y;
    short z;
};

struct mpu6050_gyro {
    short x;
    short y;
    short z;
};

struct mpu6050_data {
    struct mpu6050_accel accel;
    struct mpu6050_gyro gyro;
};


void sleep_ms(unsigned int ms)
{
    struct timeval delay;
	delay.tv_sec = 0;
	delay.tv_usec = ms * 1000; 
	select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &delay);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int fd;
    int ret;
  
	/* 2. 打开文件 */
	fd = open(DEV_NAME, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);   // | O_NONBLOCK

	if (fd < 0)
	{
		printf("can not open file %s, %d\n", DEV_NAME, fd);
		return -1;
	}
     
	struct mpu6050_data   mpu6050_data;
	int size = sizeof(struct mpu6050_data);

	printf("read size %d\n", size);

	while (1)
	{
		if (read(fd, &mpu6050_data, size) == size)
		{
			printf("accel x %d y %d z %d\r\n", mpu6050_data.accel.x, mpu6050_data.accel.y, mpu6050_data.accel.z);
			printf("gyro x %d y %d z %d\r\n", mpu6050_data.gyro.x, mpu6050_data.gyro.y, mpu6050_data.gyro.z);
		}
		printf("running\r\n");
		sleep_ms(500);
	}
    
	close(fd);
    
    return 0;
}
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