任何定义了函数调用操作符的对象都是函数对象。C++ 支持创建、操作新的函数对象,同时也提供了许多内置的函数对象。
运算符函数对象
C++ 针对常用的算术和逻辑运算定义了很多函数对象:
旧式绑定器与适配器
早期提供功能支持的几个工具在 C++11 中弃用,并于 C++17 中移除(旧否定器于 C++17 中弃用并于 C++20 中移除):
函数适配器
构造定制的 std::unary_negate 对象
std::not1
template< class Predicate > | (C++14 前) | |
template< class Predicate > | (C++14 起) (C++17 中弃用) (C++20 中移除) |
not1
是用于创建返回传递的一元谓词的补的函数对象。创建的函数对象类型为 std::unary_negate<Predicate> 。
一元谓词类型必须定义成员类型 argument_type
,它可转换为谓词的参数类型。从 std::ref 、 std::cref 、 std::negate 、 std::logical_not 、 std::mem_fn 、 std::function 、 std::hash 或调用另一 std::not1 获得的 unary_function 对象定义此类型,如同从弃用的 std::unary_function 导出的函数对象。
参数
pred | - | 一元谓词 |
返回值
std::not1
返回以 pred
构造的 std::unary_negate<Predicate> 类型对象。
异常
无。
调用示例
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>
struct Cell
{
int x;
int y;
Cell() = default;
Cell(int a, int b): x(a), y(b) {}
Cell(const Cell &cell)
{
x = cell.x;
y = cell.y;
}
Cell &operator+(const Cell &cell)
{
x += cell.x;
y += cell.y;
return *this;
}
Cell &operator+=(const Cell &cell)
{
x += cell.x;
y += cell.y;
return *this;
}
Cell &operator*=(int n)
{
x *= n;
y *= n;
return *this;
}
Cell &operator++()
{
x += 1;
y += 1;
return *this;
}
friend Cell operator +(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
{
Cell cell = cell1;
cell += cell2;
return cell;
}
friend Cell operator *(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
{
Cell cell = {cell1.x * cell2.x, cell1.y * cell2.y};
return cell;
}
friend Cell operator /(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
{
Cell cell = {cell1.x / cell2.x, cell1.y / cell2.y};
return cell;
}
friend Cell operator %(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
{
Cell cell = {cell1.x % cell2.x, cell1.y % cell2.y};
return cell;
}
friend bool operator ==(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
{
return cell1.x == cell2.x && cell1.y == cell2.y;
}
friend bool operator !=(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
{
return cell1.x != cell2.x && cell1.y != cell2.y;
}
friend bool operator <(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
{
if (cell1.x == cell2.x)
{
return cell1.y < cell2.y;
}
else
{
return cell1.x < cell2.x;
}
}
friend bool operator >(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
{
if (cell1.x == cell2.x)
{
return cell1.y > cell2.y;
}
else
{
return cell1.x > cell2.x;
}
}
friend bool operator &&(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
{
return cell1.x && cell2.x && cell1.y && cell2.y;
}
friend bool operator ||(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
{
return cell1.x || cell2.x || cell1.y || cell2.y;
}
friend bool operator !(const Cell &cell)
{
return !(cell.x && cell.x);
}
friend Cell operator &(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
{
Cell cell = {cell1.x & cell2.x, cell1.y & cell2.y};
return cell;
}
friend Cell operator |(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
{
Cell cell = {cell1.x | cell2.x, cell1.y | cell2.y};
return cell;
}
friend Cell operator ^(const Cell &cell1, const Cell &cell2)
{
Cell cell = {cell1.x ^ cell2.x, cell1.y ^ cell2.y};
return cell;
}
};
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Cell &cell)
{
os << "{" << cell.x << "," << cell.y << "}";
return os;
}
struct less_than_1024 : std::unary_function<Cell, bool>
{
bool operator()(const Cell &cell) const
{
return cell < Cell{1024, 1024};
}
};
int main()
{
std::vector<Cell> vector;
for (int index = 1024 - 3; index < 1024 + 3; ++index)
{
vector.push_back(Cell{index, index});
}
std::copy(vector.begin(), vector.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "std::not1(less_than_1024()): ";
std::cout << std::count_if(vector.begin(), vector.end(), std::not1(less_than_1024())) << std::endl;
/* C++11 解法:
// 用某方法转型到 std::function<bool (Cell)> ——即使以 lambda
std::cout << std::count_if(vector.begin(), vector.end(),
std::not1(std::function<bool (Cell)>([](Cell cell){ return cell < Cell{1024, 1024}; }))
);
*/
return 0;
}
输出
{1021,1021} {1022,1022} {1023,1023} {1024,1024} {1025,1025} {1026,1026}
std::not1(less_than_1024()): 3